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SAXONS’ MENTALITIES AND LEISURE TIME

SAXONS’ MENTALITIES AND LEISURE TIME

Author(s): Mariana Borcoman / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

The colonization of Transylvania by the German population occurred at the initiative of Hungarian royalty at the end of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century. They brought new agricultural techniques from the West and developed the economy of the intra-Carpathian province through crafts. Their autonomous organization in Transylvania developed certain mentalities over the centuries. Also, their leisure time was organized: children were trained and educated to practice sports and play a musical instrument. Winter holidays and Easter were spent in the community, and dance gatherings provided young people with opportunities to meet and parents to agree on the startup of new families. The preservation of ethnicity was socially achieved through such marriages, and economically through guilds composed only of Saxon citizens.

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THE ORIGIN, FAMILY AND STUDIES OF MAJOR GENeRAL IOAN D. CULCER

THE ORIGIN, FAMILY AND STUDIES OF MAJOR GENeRAL IOAN D. CULCER

Author(s): Andrei Popete Pătrașcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 39/2024

Major General Ioan D. Culcer represents an important personality in Romanian military history, but his origins, family and studies have been insufficiently analyzed in previous research. In a period when Romanian historiography is moving more and more towards the reevaluation of historical figures, the reconstruction of Ioan Culcer's biography proves to be an important undertaking. This research involves rigorous work in various sources, from local and national archives to libraries and private collections, to gather relevant information about his life and career. His origins, family and upbringing are central to understanding his career path and the values he promoted as a military leader. Culcer was distinguished not only by his strategic qualities during his service, but also by the influence he exercised among his contemporaries. This paper tries to contribute to a better understanding of his impact in the context of the Romanian military elites, underlining the need for a more detailed and nuanced analysis of his biography, which reflects his true value.

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MAJOR ALEXANDRU SOCEC'S DIPLOMATIC – MILITARY MISSION IN SWEDEN (II)

MAJOR ALEXANDRU SOCEC'S DIPLOMATIC – MILITARY MISSION IN SWEDEN (II)

Author(s): Stelian-Cătălin Ghițuleasa / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

This abstract highlights a valuable contribution to military historiography by bringing to light, for the first time in Romanian historical studies, the diplomatic and military mission of Major Alexandru Socec in Sweden in 1901. The mission, undertaken under the patronage of King Carol I of Romania, took place during special Cavalry and Infantry maneuvers held in the Nordic kingdom in July and August of that year. The memoir captivates readers with a fascinating description of the Swedish Cavalry's uniforms and equipment, especially notable as Socec himself served in this branch. Additionally, the text provides highly valuable information about the organization of the Swedish Army at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as the defense and attack tactics of its Cavalry, which was considered one of the most elegant and well-organized in the world at the time. Of particular interest are the observations of King Carol I's and Romania's representative regarding the character traits of Swedes and Norwegians, whose way of life was genuinely exemplary. In 1901, the two nations were part of the Swedish-Norwegian Union, which dissolved in 1905 following Norway's withdrawal due to dissatisfaction with Sweden's dominant role in the Union, especially in foreign policy. As in the first part, I have chosen to place a few words in square brackets and add some commas omitted by the author to make the text more appealing. Otherwise, I have reproduced, in its original form, a captivating excerpt that will be continued in the next issue of the journal.

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170 YEARS SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF THE PENTECOSTARION PRINTED IN 1854 BY BISHOP FILOTEI OF BUZĂU

170 YEARS SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF THE PENTECOSTARION PRINTED IN 1854 BY BISHOP FILOTEI OF BUZĂU

Author(s): Marius-George Coșarcă / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

This study presents the biography of Bishop Filotei Pîrșoi of Buzău, who actively supported cultural endeavors by printing over 25 church books. Among these, only a portion is available in the collection of the "Ecclesia" Library at the "Justinian Patriarch" Orthodox Faculty of Theology in Bucharest, including the "Pentecostarion" published in Buzău in 1854. This book contains the Holy Services from Easter Sunday to All Saints' Sunday.

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CHURCH LIFE DURING THE PHANARIOT PERIOD

CHURCH LIFE DURING THE PHANARIOT PERIOD

Author(s): Nicolae Nucă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 39/2024

The Phanariote period in the Romanian Principalities (1711-1821) was characterized by significant transformations in the religious landscape. The Phanariote rulers, appointed by the Ottoman Empire, exerted considerable influence over the Church, often intervening in its internal affairs. This intervention led to a series of reforms and regulations aimed at consolidating their control and generating revenue. The Phanariote period also witnessed efforts to reform and modernize the Church. Some rulers, recognizing the importance of the Church in society, implemented measures to improve its administration and financial management. These reforms included stricter control over the appointment of abbots, the regulation of monastic life, and the establishment of new administrative structures within monasteries. The Phanariote period left a lasting impact on the Romanian Orthodox Church. While some of the reforms introduced during this time contributed to the modernization of the Church, the interference of the Phanariote rulers in ecclesiastical matters and their exploitative practices led to a decline in the Church's autonomy and financial stability. The legacy of this period continued to influence the Church's relationship with the state and its internal organization even after the end of the Phanariote regime.

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MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE VAD-BOROD DEPRESSION
(13TH–17TH CENTURIES)

MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE VAD-BOROD DEPRESSION (13TH–17TH CENTURIES)

Author(s): Iulia Vaisărhofer,Mircea Matei / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 39/2024

The Vad-Borod Depression area played an important role in the region's medieval history, being a strategic hub for trade and defense. Medieval settlements reflect the complex dynamics of coexistence between Romanians and Hungarians, as well as the transformations caused by external invasions and administrative influences. This paper emphasizes the importance of the mentioned area in the historical and geographical context of medieval Transylvania, offering a valuable perspective on the evolution of settlements and society in these territories.

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THE SYMBOLISM OF THE BIRD OF PREY IN HISTORY

THE SYMBOLISM OF THE BIRD OF PREY IN HISTORY

Author(s): Dorin Cărăbeț / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 39/2024

Since ancient times, the symbol of the bird of prey appears on various artifacts, documents or weapons, having a special semantics that reflect the power and social position of the one who bears this insignia. The bird, messenger of the gods, symbol of absolute power, freedom and pride. The combination of man and bird signifies the connection with divinity and nature, being specific to the falconer since its origins, an exclusive prerogative of the elites.

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Aresztowanie i uwięzienie Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego – Prymasa Polski jako punkty zwrotne w jego biografii

Aresztowanie i uwięzienie Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego – Prymasa Polski jako punkty zwrotne w jego biografii

Author(s): Alina Rynio / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

Artykuł dotyczy realiów bezprawnego i niesprawiedliwego aresztowania oraz uwięzienie Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, traktując je jako momenty zwrotne w jego biografii. Opracowanie składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej z nich zostaje omówione doświadczenie, jakim Prymas Wyszyński dysponował w chwili skazania go na odosobnienie i samotność. Część druga poświęcona jest omówieniu sposobu, w jaki Ksiądz Prymas przeżywał aresztowanie i odosobnienie. Natomiast w ostatniej części opisane są owoce prześladowania i odosobnienia. Są one liczne i manifestują się m.in. jako odrodzenie i umocnienie wiary, nabywanie mocy, jakby nowe narodzenie, pójście za Chrystusem ukrzyżowanym i zmartwychwstałym, a zarazem pragnienie upodobnienia się do Zbawiciela, oddanie Mu się bezgraniczne, próba znalezienia sensu, odkrycie, że wszystko ma swoje znaczenie i odkrycie bycia narzędziem w ręku Pana i Jego Matki – Pani Jasnogórskiej.

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Археобиологические исследования культурного слоя Московского Кремля XIV — начала XV вв. (Тайницкий сад)
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Археобиологические исследования культурного слоя Московского Кремля XIV — начала XV вв. (Тайницкий сад)

Author(s): Anna N. Babenko,Anna S. Aleshinskaya,Aleksey Yu. Sergeev,Dmitry V. Vlasov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2024

The article discusses the findings of extensive archaeobiological studies conducted on the wet cultural layer excavated in the Tainitsky Garden of the Moscow Kremlin. These studies utilized various methods, including archaeobotanical (both micro- and macroremains), archaeoentomological and archaeoparasitological techniques. Due to the anthropogenic origin of the cultural layer, reconstructing its environment proves challenging. One of the research objectives was to understand how various archaeological components ended up in this layer. In urban settings, the accumulation of materials in the cultural layer can arise not only from natural processes but also from human activities. Sources of plant remains may include household waste, leftovers from cereal processing and storage, hay, as well as excrement from domestic animals and humans. The latter is indicated by the presence of helminth eggs found in the layer (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura  / T. suis, Diphyllobothrium sp., Capillariidae sp., Oxyuris equi). Furthermore, archaeobotanical data provide indirect evidence of excrement in the layer. For instance, a high concentration of edible plant seeds, such as raspberry (Rubus idaeus)) suggests the presence of human excrement, while coprophilous fungi spores and sedge seeds (Carex) indicate animal dung. Additionally, the taxonomic composition of the entomofauna supports the idea of decomposing organic matter, including dung, within the cultural layer. The presence of bark beetles, spruce bark scales, and spruce needles may suggest that bark was removed from spruce logs at the settlement rather than during logging.

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Les medias occidentaux face à la crise militaire russo-ukrainienne: quel impact en Afrique de la sémantique d’ « aggression? »

Les medias occidentaux face à la crise militaire russo-ukrainienne: quel impact en Afrique de la sémantique d’ « aggression? »

Author(s): NOA Sylvestre / Language(s): French Issue: 32/2023

During his African tour at the end of July 2022, French President Emmanuel Macron repeatedly criticised Africa's hypocritical attitude towards the armed crisis in Ukraine. For the French president, African neutrality is not an either/or, but a thinly veiled support, which allows Russia to escape the Western political strategy of diplomatic isolation. This strategy relies mainly on the strength of the media as a megaphone for the Western reading of the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict. It puts forward the idea of aggression or invasion. This article examines this communication of war deployed through elements of language that draw on the notion of aggression, and its impact in distant lands such as Africa. The text posits that in this Western war of opinion control, political reality actually precedes the voice of their media. Based on the theory of behaviouralism, this article shows that war communication and its results depend entirely on the political consideration of the direct and indirect belligerents by the recipients. In other words, opinions on the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine are not made or broken by the media's reporting or treatment of the news, but by the political reputation that the target audience has long built up about the various belligerents.

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Od córki senatora do guwernantki

Od córki senatora do guwernantki

Author(s): Beata Lorens / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

Lucyna Mieroszewska, urodzona w zamożnej rodzinie ziemiańskiej w 1817 r., to jedna z pierwszych polskich autorek poradników pedagogicznych oraz książek do nauki czytania dla dzieci. Wychowana w kręgu elity Krakowa i przygotowana do życia w sferze zamożnego ziemiaństwa na skutek okoliczności rodzinnych, politycznych i gospodarczych straciła podstawy swej egzystencji. Z pozycji córki senatora zeszła do roli guwernantki i osoby towarzyszącej obcej rodzinie. Na skutek swego poparcia dla powstania styczniowego w 1863 r. straciła możliwość wyboru miejsca zamieszkania. Jednak zaakceptowała zmiany w swym życiu i podjęła aktywne działania w zakresie własnego utrzymania. Zajmowała się wychowaniem dzieci swych sióstr oraz dziewcząt z galicyjskich rodzin ziemiańskich. Przy tym rozwijała własne zainteresowania literackie i pedagogiczne, publikując prace własne i tłumaczenia z języków obcych. Artykuł ma na celu zweryfikowanie podstawowych informacji biograficznych oraz uzupełnienie luk w biografii w oparciu o niewykorzystane do tej pory źródła rękopiśmienne.

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Ksiądz Walerian Kalinka – zmartwychwstaniec, historyk, emigrant

Ksiądz Walerian Kalinka – zmartwychwstaniec, historyk, emigrant

Author(s): Piotr Biliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

W artykule omówiono życie i twórczość Waleriana Kalinki na podstawie materiałów archiwalnych. Kalinka urodził się w Bolechowicach w 1826 r. Po ukończeniu studiów na Wydziale Prawa Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego brał udział w pracach redakcji „Czasu” od 1849 r. Podczas emigracji do Paryża rozpoczął współpracę z generałem Władysławem Zamojskim, pracując jednocześnie nad skompletowaniem materiałów do książki pt. Galicja i Kraków pod zaborem austriackim. Powracając do Paryża po wojnach krymskich, Kalinka aktywnie uczestniczył w życiu politycznym obozu Hôtel Lambert. Po powstaniu styczniowym powrócił do szeroko zakrojonej pracy badawczej, której owocem były publikacje uważane za fundament krakowskiej szkoły historycznej. Za radą księdza Semenenki Kalinka zdecydowała się wstąpić do zgromadzenia. Jednocześnie kontynuował pracę nad swoim dziełem Sejm Czteroletni, mając bardzo szeroką perspektywę, jaką umożliwiły mu kwerendy w wielu archiwach europejskich. W październiku 1885 ukończył drugi tom Sejmu Czteroletniego, jednak ciągle pogarszający się stan zdrowia nie pozwolił mu dokończyć dzieła. Ksiądz Walerian Kalinka zmarł 15 grudnia 1886 r. W tekście analizowano życie Kalinki, jego poglądy polityczne i związek ze Zgromadzeniem Zmartwychwstańców na podstawie przekazów historycznych i twórczości głównego bohatera.

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Father Walerian Kalinka – Resurrectionist, Historian, Emigrant

Father Walerian Kalinka – Resurrectionist, Historian, Emigrant

Author(s): Piotr Biliński / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This article addresses the life and works of Walerian Kalinka, based on archi-val materials. Kalinka was born in Bolechowice in 1826. After graduating from the Fac-ulty of Law of the Jagiellonian University, he participated in the editorial board works of “Czas” from 1849. During his exile in Paris, he began to collaborate with General Władysław Zamojski, while also working on the completion of a book entitled Galicia and Cracow under Austrian rule. Returning to Paris after the Crimean Wars, Kalinka actively participated in the political life of the Hôtel Lambert camp. After the January Uprising, Kalinka returned to extensive research work, the fruits of which were publi-cations considered the foundation of the Cracow school of history. Following the advice of Father Semenenko, Kalinka decided to join the congregation. At the same time, he con-tinued to work on his opus The Four-Year Sejm, with a very broad perspective enabled by his research in many European archives. In October 1885 he completed the second volume of The Four-Year Sejm, but the steady decline in his health prevented him from completing the work. Father Walerian Kalinka died on December 15th, 1886. The text analyzes Kalinka’s life, his political views and his relationship with the Congregation of Resurrectionists based on historical records and the protagonist’s works

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Kontakty Antoniego Patka ze zmartwychwstańcami

Kontakty Antoniego Patka ze zmartwychwstańcami

Author(s): Beniamin Czapla / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

Antoni Patek przyszedł na świat w 1812 r. na Lubelszczyźnie. Jako żołnierz wziął udział w powstaniu listopadowym. Po jego upadku udał się na emigrację. W 1835 r. osiadł w Szwajcarii Versoix koło Genewy. Tam też poznał innego polistopadowego emigranta – zegarmistrza Franciszka Czapka. W 1839 r. Patek i Czapek zawiązali spółkę produkującą zegarki Patek, Czapek et Cie. Firma skupiała się głównie na zaopatrywaniu polskiej klienteli. Dlatego też ich zegarki były zdobione wizerunkami polskich królów, książąt, portretami bohaterów narodowych i motywami religijnymi. W 1845 r. Patek zerwał współpracę z Czapkiem. Niedługo później podjął współpracę z innym zegarmistrzem – Adrienem Philippem, jednym z wynalazców systemu nastawczo-naciągowego, oraz dysponującym znacznymi środkami finansowymi rodakiem Wincentym Gostkowskim. Z biegiem czasu grono klientów wytwórni poszerzało się. Prócz zaangażowanych w działalność patriotyczną Polaków, zegarki kupowali też politycy, przywódcy państw, ówcześni artyści i przedsiębiorcy. Jeden z wyrobów Patka przechowywany jest w zbiorach muzealnych Zgromadzenia Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego. Jak wynika z zachowanych materiałów, należał do ks. Piotra Semenenki. Patek nawiązał kontakty ze zmartwychwstańcami w latach trzydziestych XIX w., za sprawą Walerego Wielogłowskiego, sekretarza i jednego z najbliższych towarzyszy założyciela zgromadzenia – ks. Bogdana Jańskiego. W 1839 r. Wielogłowski udał się do Genewy, by namówić kuzyna – Ludwika Popiela, do wsparcia popadającego w coraz większe kłopoty finansowe przedsięwzięcia ks. Jańskiego. Tam też poznał Patka, który jako gorliwy katolik szybko uległ jego wpływom ewangelizacyjnym. Antoni Patek z miejsca stał się wiernym dobroczyńcą i przyjacielem ojców założycieli zgromadzenia. Potwierdzenie zażyłości można znaleźć w zachowanym do dziś zbiorze ich korespondencji. Z jednej strony jest to ciekawe świadectwo wiary Patka, z drugiej zaś – potwierdzenie ich zaangażowania w niesienie pomocy potrzebującym rodakom.

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Connections of Antoni Patek with the Resurrectionists

Connections of Antoni Patek with the Resurrectionists

Author(s): Beniamin Czapla / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Antoni Patek was born in 1812 in the region of Lublin. Being a soldier, he took part in the November Uprising. Following its fall, he went into exile. In 1835, after long travels, Patek eventually settled in Switzerland (Versoix, near Geneva). There he became acquainted with another emigrant of the November Uprising, the watch-maker Franciszek Czapek. In 1839 Patek and Czapek established a watch manufactory, Patek, Czapek et Cie. The company focused primarily on supplying Polish customers. Therefore, watches signed with the names of Patek and Czapek were decorated with images of Polish kings and princes, portraits of national heroes, and religious motifs. In 1845, Patek terminated his collaboration with Czapek. However, soon after, he part-nered with two new associates, Adrien Philippe – a watchmaker and one of the inven-tors of the keyless winding mechanism – and a compatriot with considerable fi nancial resources, Wincenty Gostkowski. Over time, the customer circle of Patek’s manufacture expanded. Besides Poles engaged in patriotic activities, watches were also purchased by politicians, heads of state, stage stars of the era and businessmen. One of the watches produced by the Patek manufacture is now in the collection of the Congregation of the Resurrection’s Museum. According to the materials preserved to this day, this watch belonged to Father Piotr Semenenko. Patek became acquainted with the Resur-rectionists in the 1830s, thanks to Walery Wielogłowski, secretary and one of the closest companions of the congregation’s founder, Father Bogdan Jański. In 1839, Wielogłowski went to Geneva to persuade his cousin Ludwik Popiel to provide fi nancial support for Father Janski’s enterprise, which was falling into increasing fi nancial diffi culties. There he met Patek who, as a devout Catholic, quickly fell for the evangelization of his new friend. Antoni Patek immediately became a faithful benefactor and friend of the found-ing fathers of the congregation. Confi rmation of their friendship is provided by the col-lection of correspondence they have preserved to this day. These letters are, on the one hand, an interesting testimony to Antoni Patek’s faith. On the other, they confi rm once again the commitment they made to helping compatriots in need. The case of a certain Kazimierz Kisielewski can serve as an example.

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Św. Kajetan z Thieny – patron zmartwychwstańców w kontekście charyzmatu zgromadzenia

Św. Kajetan z Thieny – patron zmartwychwstańców w kontekście charyzmatu zgromadzenia

Author(s): Piotr Kondraciuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

W artykule skupiono się na postaci drugiego, obok św. Józefa, patrona zakonu zmartwychwstańców: św. Kajetana Thiene. Patronat św. Kajetana nie był przypadkowy. Wywodził się to bezpośrednio z klerykalnego charakteru Zgromadzenia, nawiązującego do reform mających na celu odnowę życia zakonnego w Kościele. Zgromadzenie Kleryków Regularnych powstało na fali ruchu zapoczątkowanego w Kurii Rzymskiej i na dworze papieskim, w kręgu Oratorium Divino Amore w Rzymie, skupiającego zarówno świeckich, jak i duchownych, którzy w duchu doskonałości ewangelicznej gromadzili się, aby się modlić i angażować w różne formy działalności charytatywnej. Spośród założycieli Kleryków Regularnych do godności ołtarza został wyniesiony jedynie Kajetan z Thiene. Kult św. Kajetana rozwinął się także w obrębie Zakonu Trynitarzy (Zakon Trójcy Świętej od Odkupienia Niewolników), którzy przejęli go od Teatynów i Ormian lwowskich. Pomimo patronatu św. Kajetana nad zgromadzeniem zmartwychwstańców, jego wizerunki malarskie i rzeźbiarskie są nieliczne. Ikonografia ołtarzowa skupia się na tematyce Zmartwychwstania Najświętszej Maryi Panny i św. Józefa. Bogata ikonografia św. Kajetana, wciąż nie w pełni rozpoznana ze względu na pomylenie z innymi świętymi, charakteryzującymi się podobnymi atrybutami, w XIX wieku praktycznie zanikła. Zapewne dlatego, mimo wyraźnych nawiązań do charyzmatu świętego w pismach założycieli zmartwychwstańców, jak zauważono powyżej, jego wizerunki nie trafiły na ołtarze ani do programów ikonograficznych kościołów. Warto uwzględnić ten aspekt przy projektowaniu nowych elementów zdobniczych czy kształtowaniu programów ideowych współczesnych świątyń.

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Saint Cajetan of Thiene – the Patron of the Resurrectionists in the Context of the Congregation’s Charism

Saint Cajetan of Thiene – the Patron of the Resurrectionists in the Context of the Congregation’s Charism

Author(s): Piotr Kondraciuk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This article focuses on the fi gure of the order’s second patron, next to St. Joseph: St. Cajetan Thiene. The patronage of St. Cajetan was not accidental. It derived directly from the clerical character of the Congregation, originating from the reforms intended to renew religious life in the Church. The Congregation of the Clerics Regu-lar was founded on the wave of a movement initiated within the Roman Curia and the papal court, in the circle of the Oratorio Divino Amore in Rome, involving both lay people and clerics who, in the spirit of evangelical perfection, would gather to pray and engage in various forms of charitable activities. Among the founders of the Cler-ics Regular, only Cajetan of Thiene was raised to the altar honors. The cult of St. Cajetan also developed within the Order of the Trinitarians (Order of the Holy Trin-ity from the Redemption of Slaves), who adopted it from the Theatines and the Arme-nians of Lviv. Despite the patronage of St. Cajetan to the congregation of the Resurrec-tionists, his pictorial and sculptural images are scarce. Altar iconography is centered on the themes of the Resurrection, the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Joseph. The exten-sive iconography of St. Cajetan, still not fully recognized due to confusion with other saints who are characterized by similar attributes, virtually disappeared in the 19th cen-tury. This is probably the reason why, despite the clear references to the saint’s char-ism in the writings of the founders of the Resurrectionists, as noted above, his images have not found their way onto the altars or into the iconographic programs of churches of worship. It is worth considering this aspect when designing new decorative elements or shaping the ideological programs of contemporary temples.

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Romanian ethnographic interpretations from the 20th century regarding women representations on Trajan’s Column and the Tropaeum Traiani

Romanian ethnographic interpretations from the 20th century regarding women representations on Trajan’s Column and the Tropaeum Traiani

Author(s): Florica (Bohîlțea) Mihuț / Language(s): English Issue: X/2024

The present study analyses the description of women’s clothing depicted on Trajan’s monuments of propaganda (the Column of his Forum in Rome and the Tropaeum Traian, at Adamclisi, Romania) as interpreted over time by Romanian historians and ethnologists, highlighting the often overreaching use of these monuments as evidence for the continuity of Romanian habitation on north of the Danube. The critical and comparative analysis of these perspectives offered by certain Romanian researches seeks to emphasize the ideological influence that shaped the academic writing during the communist era.

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Marechal Sadi, Bathing at the Edge of the Empire. Roman Baths and Bathing Habits in the North-Westerm Corner of Continental Europe, The Archeology of Northern Europe (vol. 2), Turnout, Belgium, Brepols Publishers, 2023., 304 p., ISBN: 978-2-503-60066

Marechal Sadi, Bathing at the Edge of the Empire. Roman Baths and Bathing Habits in the North-Westerm Corner of Continental Europe, The Archeology of Northern Europe (vol. 2), Turnout, Belgium, Brepols Publishers, 2023., 304 p., ISBN: 978-2-503-60066

Author(s): Cătălin UDEANU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: X/2024

BOOK REVIEW: Marechal Sadi, Bathing at the Edge of the Empire. Roman Baths and Bathing Habits in the North-Westerm Corner of Continental Europe, The Archeology of Northern Europe (vol. 2), Turnout, Belgium, Brepols Publishers, 2023., 304 p., ISBN: 978-2-503-60066-6, eISBN: 978-2-503-60067-3, doi: 10.1484/M.TANE-EB.5.129940

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Córka na wydaniu. Zakres autonomii kobiety w procesie doboru matrymonialnego w Polsce międzywojennej i współczesnej

Córka na wydaniu. Zakres autonomii kobiety w procesie doboru matrymonialnego w Polsce międzywojennej i współczesnej

Author(s): Iwona Przybył / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2019

Celem opracowania jest zilustrowanie, w jaki sposób reguły doboru matrymonialnego są wzmacniane przez szereg ograniczeń kulturowych na przykładzie zmieniającego się zakresu autonomii kobiety-córki. Podstawą analiz są materiały zastane, tj. publikacje z zakresu historii rodziny oraz badania własne autorki. Artykuł przedstawia społecznie określane zasady wyboru partnera małżeńskiego, a także wzorce obowiązujące na rynku małżeńskim wśród chłopów i inteligencji w Polsce międzywojennej oraz współcześnie. Wskazuje się tu przede wszystkim na wpływ porządku społecznego i wynikającego z niego statusu kobiety-córki na przebieg procesu doboru matrymonialnego (zarówno w aspekcie selekcji partnerów jak i prawidłowości przebiegu znajomości) oraz na kultywowaną obyczajowość przedmałżeńską. Sposób legitymizacji narzeczeństwa i małżeństwa, a co za tym idzie zakres autonomii kobiety, ściśle i niezmiennie wiąże ze statusem społecznym i statusem w rodzinie – bez względu na poddany w opracowaniu analizie okres historyczny. Tylko te kobiety, które są całkowicie niezależne ekonomicznie i mieszkaniowo od rodziny pochodzenia, mogą pozwolić sobie na autorską stylizację przebiegu znajomości przedślubnej oraz ceremonii ślubno-weselnej.

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