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The travel notes of Abdurrahman Seoharvi about his journey in August 1912 in the Balkan countries (Bulgaria and Serbia) are a specific view toward these countries in the eve of the Balkan wars 1912-1913. Inspired by publications about Muslims in China and Russia he was interested to see and describe places, towns and people, cultural and religious relationships and costumes, educational progress of the Muslim population in the Balkans. The traveler from India spent several days in Belgrade, Nish, Sofia, Plovdiv and other places and met people especially from the Muslim societies in the visited towns. The travel notes of Abdurrahman Seoharvi were published in English language after coming back to India in the “Comrade” newspaper in Delhi. The publications were found by Prof. Dr. Satinder Kumar Vij, a famous expert of the cultural contacts studies between India and Bulgaria. Dr. Vij found them in the process of his research in Indian libraries and archives of documents about Bulgarian and Balkan history.
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“Late dissidence” developed in Bulgaria as a consequence of decades of Todor Zhivkov’s authoritarian policy. Being connected to the USSR, he had adopted methods and patterns of action of security apparatus for preventing individuals and groups to act against proclaimed party and state principles. The appearance of Gorbachev in the world politics directly influenced the beginning of the process of olitical transition of power in Bulgaria. An inherent part of this process was the formation of the organizations of dissidents, predominantly made after the principles of perestroika. The most important themes for these organizations were democratization of the society, human rights and freedom of speech, as well as the environment protection. Bulgarian dissidents enjoyed, mainly in the media, the support from the USA and western European countries, a large number of international organizations. At the same time, facing severe isolation of Zhivkov from the international politics, high circles of the Bulgarian Communist Party decided to make a peaceful overturn, with open incitement and considerable diplomatic and intelligence support from Moscow. The Zhivkov’s fall and collapse of the communist regime marked the beginning of democratization of society and introduction of multi-party system in Bulgaria.
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Angelina Petrova’s book corresponds to the most up-to-date and topical studies on solfeggio worldwide, without breaking the relation with the traditional teaching practices in Bulgaria. The categories of musical understanding, hearing, aural training, consciousness, the latest scientific approaches used in the creation of the so-called neural network structures and neural maps, the terminological and structural study of musical memory, of the so-called ‘auditions’, as well as ‘F0 listeners’ or ‘spectral listeners’ present solfeggio in a completely different light, keeping nonetheless its substance in the strict music educational practices. In Chapter 1, Philosophic and Musical Hermeneutics and Ear for Music the author comments on the postmodern philosophy and its interpretations of musical hearing, drawing on the modern and postmodern theories of Theodor Adorno, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and later also of Gille Deleuze and Félix Guattari, making the important distinction in German language between ear for music and musical hearing, which in the Russian and Bulgarian traditions are fused into the former term, ear for music. In Chapter 2, Ear for Music in the Light of Contemporary Cognitive Psychology solfeggio is studied through cognitive psychology, shaping of musical perception and of musical notions in accordance with the cognitive and neuropsychological studies. Chapter 3 deals with musical memory, broaching the paramount views of cognitive psychology of musical memory: its definition, types, assumptions about its dynamic structure, the issues of the long-term musical memory and the correlation between it and melodic dictation. Chapter 4, Tonal Syntax and Ear for Music interprets melodic dictation, basic theoretical notions in music aural analysis, an analytical aural method in dictation are considered, with the study focusing here on its practical part: 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-part dictation. The section dealing the specifics of the dictations by ‘parameters’ in some systems of West-European methods is especially valuable. Chapter 5 explores the models of the post-tonal ear for music and melodic dictation in post-tonal music. The chosen thematic line evinces the author’s innovative methodology drawing on various modern views and models, e.g. Pierre Boulez, Utz and Kleinrath, including also postmodern composers in the process of solfeggio training such as Stockhausen, Ligeti, Lachenmann, Ferneyhough.
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The Institute of National Remembrance realized a program "Index of Poles, repressed and killed for assisting Jews during the Second World War". The aim of the program is to identify the names of Polish citizens who lived in the territory of the Republic of Poland before September 1, 1939 and were opressed by the Third Reich military and civilian authorities, its officers and members of the Nazi Party; by the collaborative organizations, for assisting Jewish population.
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The paper focuses on the identity crisis Bulgarian animators were experiencing in the 1990s. In that decade, established authors stuck to the well-tried models they themselves had developed as early as the 1960s and the 1970s. Bulgarian animated film failed to fit in the new discourse of the society and art processes were crisis-ridden: no fresh ideas, no new art forms were in place. The work of such doyens of Bulgarian animated film as Todor Dinov, Donio Donev and Stoyan Dukov among others is dealt with along with the ability of such authors as Anri Koulev to cope with the crisis by switching to successful producership. A marked change occurred as late as the end of the decade with the release of a multitude of student animations, a trend that was sustained and further gained momentum at the turn of the twenty-first century. Young people are easily addressing communicative animated forms, humour and entertainment with globalisation of images being their natural way of self-expression.
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Интервю на Милена Ангелова с проф. Минчо Георгиев
Prof. Mincho Georgiev is prominent researcher in the field of history of medicine, cultural and medical anthropology. He is the author of “Bulgarian Medicine in the Medieval Time” (2015), “An Attempt on Anthropology of Ritual” (2002), “Psychological, Ethic and Social Problems of Medicine” (2006), “Introduction in Medical Anthropology” (2007), “Mythology of Human Body” (2008), “History of Bulgarian Medicine” (2009) and others.
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Article aims the story of “Laterna magika”, a multi-medial performance form which was presented by the Czechoslovak theatre makers for the first time during the EXPO 1956 in Brussels. The audience could encounter a brand new type of performance which was “not only theater and not only cinema” but a sophisticated multi-media mixture, where theatre, cinema, dance and new technologies meet in one place, within one stage design, on one stage. The productions invented and created by stage designer Josef Svoboda and theatre and movie director Alfred Radok were overwhelming and opened new ways of the use of multimedia in theatre and on stage. Author focuses not only on the initial ideas of the Laterna Magika but on later development of its principles as well. He tries to analyze shortly the possibilities and position of this “stage-multimedia” in contemporary world of performative arts.
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The purpose of this article is to examine the model of „economic human” from different perspectives by various schools of economic thought in line with global evolutionary progress, identifying the problems of conformity with the motives of economic behavior of modern man both in the world and Ukraine. The variety of views on the „economic human” have been analyzed, including those of the representatives of the classical economic school, primarily Adam Smith’s, Marxist and neo-classical theories, and marginal analysis in particular. Fundamental differences in the approaches to the economic accumulation of human qualities have been defined. The objective prerequisites of the transformation of „economic human” model under intellectualization of labor and knowledge transfer have been presented. There has been defined that the precondition for the current stage of Ukraine’s evolutionary progress is the increase of the proportion of creative work and intellectual activity in the structure of labor employment.
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The study demonstrates that by the middle of the 19th century in different culinary contexts, the pepper (chili) that appeared in the second half of the 18th century becomes significant for Bulgarians’ nutrition and kitchen. In the subsequent periods it will invariably keep this position which will establish a link between the last decades under the Ottoman rule, the period of the modern Bulgarian state until September 9th 1944, the times of the communist regime and the transition after November 10th 1989. Due to the gardening Bulgarians do abroad, as well as the wide use of the chilies in the kitchen, the culinary symbol becomes strong for both, foreigners and Bulgarians themselves. It also shows how the pungent occurs in some parts of Bulgaria just at the end of the 18th and in first decades of the 19th century, and becomes widely spread in the middle and the second half of the 19th century. Thanks to many it’s qualities and characteristics, as well as due to the variety of the ways it can be used, the pepper remains a constant symbol of Bulgaria (adopted not only at different social levels, but also in different periods and culinary contexts) and part of the experience of the national identity amongst the specialists in it cultivation. Feasibility and sustainability of the pepper or chili as national symbols shows in their presence in two different dishes, which are for both – consumers and nutrition and cooking specialist, expression of two different culinary philosophies – the beans and “shopska salad”.
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In 1937 the Bulgarian Red Cross Journal informed about the death in Washington of the ‘great worker of the American and Global Nurses’ deed – Miss Clara Noyes, who deserves gratitude and honour because her contribution for the nurses’ deed in Bulgaria’. About 80 years after her death a book about her life was published written by Roger Noyes. The biography is based on archive documents, publications and oral history. Roger Noyes presents the historical background of the Progressive Era and the political and social context of the suffragist’s movement, the racial problems, the rise of the public health sphere and the nurses’ profession as the most spread women’s job at that time. The book about Clara Noyes reveals a lot of interesting questions about the international contacts between the women’s organizations and their agents who supported the establishment of new educational institutions and changed the place of women in the public sphere. This opens a wide field for research of mutual influences, solidarity, power relations and hier-archies. They are important women’s networks of exchange which helped to overcome a lot of difficulties on the Balkans, in other European countries and in the USA.
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The present article analyzes the relations between Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (KSCS) through the prism of the accession of Bulgaria to the League of Nations (LN) in 1920. By tracing the specific steps of Bulgarian and international diplomacy, the article throws light on the real nature of the Balkan model of interrelations between victor and defeated and highlights the circumstances in which the post-war foreign policy of Bulgaria was formed. The arguments adduced in the article justify the claim that KSCS behaved like a “little France” in the Balkans and, unlike Romania and Poland, was unwilling to listen to and follow Paris in everything.
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Behind the back of the Serbian Colonel D. Dimitrijević, which organized the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was the Russian General Staff. This is one of the versions of the Sarajevo assassination, which followed the Soviet historians in particular M. Pokrovsky and N. Poletika. But what could be the motive of St. Petersburg? The answer to this question lies in the situation around the Black Sea straits. Вuring 1914, Russia could permanently lose naval superiority in this region, and thus – the possibility to conduct an amphibious operation in the Straits in the foreseeable future – оperations to which the russian Black sea fleet was preparing since 1880’s. The reason was that by the end of 1914 the Turkish fleet had to get a battleships “Reshad” and “Sultan Osman I”, built in England. Another reason was that after the „case Liman von Sanders“ in the Straits has increased dramatically influence of Germany.
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The article presents parts of the Latin chronicle Historia Domus in Bulgarian translation. This chronicle, which has never been translated into Bulgarian before, probably predates both the history of Blasius Kleinerand that of Paisii Hilendarski. The article also presents some travel notes by Elena Tacheva, recording her 2012 study trip to Star Beshenov (Stár Bišnov, Dudeştii Vechi), in the Banat region. The notes provide an outline of the major cultural institutions of the Bulgarian community in Star Beshenov.
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Perceptions about the environment and the nature and its elements, connection of the people with the surrounding world, to a big extent bear a distinguishing cultural touch and vary in the different historical époques. The way people get closer to the nature is often affected by traditions, collective prejudices and cultural predispositions. The article mainly aims at figuring out Danube’s importance for the European – Ottoman relations run in 15th – 16th centuries, with specific attention on the perception about the river in the Ottoman and Byzantine – Slavic sources of the époque. In other words, a try for reconstruction of the idea for the Low Danube as a region, bearing own historical differentiations. Though it would be exaggerated to speak about common perception of the river in ottoman, Byzantine and Slavic sources, it appears a common political-geographical reality.
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It is a widely shared opinion that local governments had limited power in the new Balkan states at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. While this was also true for Bulgaria, this paper tries to show that holding positions in the local government and especially in the District councils proved to be very beneficial for big landowners in Northeastern Bulgaria prior to the Balkan Wars. The District councils provided powerful leverage to shape local policies in areas such as agriculture and infrastructure and also helped its members form influential political networks. While Bulgarian government policy focused mainly on industry in that period, local institutions, under the tutelage of the big landowners, served as a channel through which to divert some state funds towards agriculture, especially in areas like Dobrudja where large estates predominated.
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The article analyzes the ideas of Nayden Gerov (1823–1900) – Bulgarian public figure and Russian diplomat during the third quarter of the 19th century – about the publishing of a Bulgarian newspaper (in the documents from the mentioned period called ‘gazeta’, ‘journal’ or ‘vestnik’) during the 50s and in the beginning of the 60s. The review of the known data from the sources, which show how Gerov’s ideas are born and how they change, is made in a close relation to the concrete circumstances of the Bulgarian social development during those times – the expansion of the church-national movement after the end of the Crimean war (1853–1856) and after the issuing of the latest reform edict – Hatt-i Hümayun (1856), with which the Sultan guarantees all of his subjects equal religious and civil rights. Because of the similarity between the environment and the circumstances, in which Gerov’s ideas are born, and those, in which the issuing of the ‘Suvetnik’ newspaper in Tsarigrad (Istanbul) occurred in March 1863, a special place in the article is dedicated to the pre-history and the first steps of this Bulgarian newspaper, based on newly discovered archive and published sources. An attempt is made to shed light on Evlogi and Hristo Georgievi’s participation with financial assistance in its issuing, based on the clues, which point to the role of the two Bulgarian merchants in Gerov’s ideas from the second half of the 50s. By the way, the topic about the financing of a periodical issue is a main point in Gerov’s ideas and together with the question about the persona of the editor makes the core of Gerov’s concept about the functions and the meaning of the pre-liberation Bulgarian journalism.
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In recent years we are witnessing the transformation of Turkey in techno-economic, socio-political and even spiritual and cultural aspects. This change is accompanied by desire of the elite and willing of the state for different from the previous international and geopolitical role. Without total denying of the Kemalist heritage in Ankara were "born" new ambitions and goals. This relatively new and complex amalgam of ideas, policies, actions and interactions was easily called by international observers "neoosmanism", although this term is not very accurate in the description of the aspirations of the ruling configuration because:• At one hand we actually are witnessing a determined policy of "building" a "paternalistic" type of relationship with the countries which were once part of the Ottoman Empire;• On the other hand, however, actively is conducting Pan-Turkist course, aimed to peoples and countries, which never were part of the Ottoman Empire;• Third - there is the imposition of some sort of "panislamism” by offering a model of "moderate Islam" acceptable to the West, but it contains within itself the seed of centripetal ambition for "new Caliphate". In this report we are providing a short overview of the prerequisites for occurrence, visible parameters, hidden purposes, inevitable challenges and likely prospects of “neoottomanism" as a new form of function of the Republic of Turkey. At the end we are trying to make a conclusion, concerning what should be the reaction of Bulgaria because the “neoosmanism" of Turkey poses a number of questions in regard with the Bulgarian people and state.
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This article starts from the understanding that the unfinished autobiographical text of G. S. Rakovski Nepovinnyj bolgarin [The Innocent Bulgarian], in the so-called second version, was deliberately built by his author according to the models known from martyrology. The papers discusses the links between Rakovskiʼs work and the biblical text, in so far as the hagiographic writing is presumably referred to the Holy Scripture as a model. Several types of reminiscences and references to the biblical text in the work of Rakovski are analyzed. The high frequency of biblical references is interpreted as an attempt to sacralize the (auto)biographical characters, which adds additional features to them as compared to the characters of the pure ‘secular’ type autobiographies.
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