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The article presents the contributions of Benedykt Dybowski to the natural history of Steller’s sea cow – a marine mammal species, that had become extinct in the 18th c. Dybowski’s impact is highlighted in his iconic discoveries concerning the biology of this species. Namely, he revealed and described the sexual dimorphism of the Steller’s sea cow and was the first to propose the climatic hypothesis concerning its extinction. Furthermore, Dybowski sent the largest number of skulls and bones representing this species to European museums in the 19th c. Today, these artifacts are deposited in seven museums in five countries (England, Ukraine, Poland, Austria, and Monaco). Unfortunately, specimens sent to Polish scientific institutions were looted or destroyed during both world wars. Sources examined in the present paper picture Dybowski as a prominent zoologist who worked within an international network of other outstanding specialists of that time – especially Władysław Taczanowski of the Warsaw Zoological Cabinet. The documents analyzed here shed new light on the work of naturalists and museum workers, revealing behind-the-scenes complexities of purchasing scarce and valuable zoological specimens.
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The article concerns one of the mineralogical parts of the Cabinet of Natural History of Duchess Anna Jabłonowska (1728–1800), created in Siemiatycze. In 1802, the collection was purchased from Jabłonowska’s heirs by the envoys of Tsar Alexander I and transported to the Moscow University. At that time, two catalogues were created: one in French (1801) as a sale offer and the second one in Russian (1802), compiled by academicians during the packing of the collection before its transport to Moscow. Thanks to these two catalogues preserved in the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Branch (SPbF ARAN), it is possible today to reconstruct the contents of the Cabinet, which was burned in Moscow in 1812. The mineralogical part is presented according to the contemporary classification, allowing for the determination of its scientific value. Both discovered documents complement each other and confirm the richness of the collection.
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This article draws attention to the existence of the “Dobojski list”, without claiming to provide a deeper analysis or a final evaluation. “Dobojski list” was published for the first time as a regional newspaper on September 25, 1946, ahead of the elections for the Constituent Assembly of the People’s Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It covered 12 districts of the then Doboj region and had all the characteristics of a strictly controlled newspaper, which, like other press outlets, served the interests of the People’s Front and the party in the phase of political mobilization of the people for the elections. After the sixth issue, the newspaper was discontinued. In the meantime, the elections were successfully held. Despite all the weaknesses typical of the media of that time, which were under strict control of the communist regime in its initial phase, the texts published in the “Dobojski list” can serve as a source for creating a historical picture of a certain period in the wider Doboj area.
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Before 1939 Gdansk was inhabited by a relatively small but vibrant Polish community. Organized in numerous cultural, educational and social associations, it formed a cohesive group of often related individuals. They came from various cities of both Gdansk Pomerania and the hinterland of Poland, directed to Gdansk with the task of supporting the Polish movement, while some came from the inhabitants of Kashubia, who had been fighting for the Polishness of Gdansk Pomerania for centuries. Such were Dr. Franciszek Kręcki, Dr. Bernard Filarski and Dr. Władysław Pniewski. Each of these three came from different localities, but they tied their fate to Gdansk. They were united by their common social and patriotic work, which was a continuity of the activities of each of them from the times of the Prussian partition, as well as by their friendship and the ideas propounded by the Young Kashubian movement. In the lives of each of them, work for Polish youth played a huge role. They fought for the establishment of schools with the Polish language, and took care of youth organizations. Arrested for their activities at the beginning of the war in the fall of 1939, they were executed on 1940 in a forest near the Stutthof camp.
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The authors of the article reveal a hitherto undescribed ideological and construction phenomenon taking place in the Gdańsk County and Pruszcz Gdański. From 1920 to 1956, this region served as a testing ground for model architectural assumptions of the Third Reich and Socialist Realism, intended for implementation in suburban areas. In the publication, the authors highlight a number of objects that, in previous studies of the so called “unwanted architecture” in the territory of the Free City of Gdańsk and Pomerania, were either ignored or treated marginally, now giving them the proper contextual significance. Moreover, the article includes detailed studies of architectural forms that are a reference to the traditions of the region, as well as their utilitarian function for the two doctrines discussed.
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The article is devoted to Heinrich Nitschmann, a German translator and propagator of Polish literature in Germany, one of the most influential participants in Polish‑German cultural contacts in the second half of the 19th century. The article emphasizes the regional, borderland aspect of the translator’s biography which was connected with Elbląg, paying attention, however, primarily to Nitschmann’s connections with Danzig, which have been overlooked in previous studies. The paper focuses on Nitschmann’s long‑term cooperation with the Danzig bookseller and publisher Karl Theodor Bertling who enabled his debut as a translator (as editor of several anthologies containing his own translations of Polish poetry) and as an author (a collection of essays Erinnerungen an Oliva, expressing both the translator’s emotional bond with Pomerania and the attitude to nature characteristic of the educated German bourgeoisie of the 19th century). The article posits that it was the Danzig publisher who paved the way for Nitschmann to enter the publishing market in Germany: in Leipzig and Dresden, significantly contributing to his later success. Nitschmann’s publications: his translation anthologies and his popular outline of Polish literature (Geschichte der polnischen Litteratur) had many reprints and shaped the image of Polish culture among German audiences of the Wilhelminian era. The example of Nitschmann’s and Bertling’s successful collaboration shows how the synergy of action between translator and publisher – figures often marginalized from a literary‑historical perspective – resulted in greater power in the literary field and in the possibility of influencing Polish‑German literary contacts in the 19th century.
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After making a limited reference to ancient Mesopotamia, the 80th anniversary of the Polish soldiers’ presence during W.W. II in Iraq, Baghdad and Mosul – respectively, was briefly referred to – by showing few photographs and enclosing relevant short comments
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The paper postulates reading works by Paul Tillich mainly as a great humanist, whose background for thinking, anticipating his theological considerations, is priceless for a wide field of the humanistic reflections. The author indicates items permanently having difficulties in coming to the fore of humanistic thinking and still being profoundly elaborated and successfully applied in Tillich’s systematic perspective. The text shows up some selected items from the three subsequent volumes of Systematic Theology, linked with the categories which permit to reject dualistic claims inherent in a dominant thinking about culture, social life, science and humanities. The author situates Tillich’s reading within the horizon of “the duality turn-over” described by Lech Witkowski, and thus it makes a reference to his cognitive profiles disclosing possibilities of humanistic applications of the ideas of the great theologist beyond his institutional framework.
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Social care in Germany for girls whose behavior deviates from societal norms has been characterized by stigmatization and a focus on controlling and educating them to conform to dominant ideals of femininity since the late 19th century. A central con-cept in social science regarding these children is "Verwahrlosung" (neglect), which for girls is often specifically referred to as "sexuelle Verwahrlosung" (sexual neglect). This article examines the discourse and practices of educational institutions for girls during the twentieth century, with a particular focus on the underexplored post-World War II period, when hundreds of thousands of children and adolescents were forced to navigate life independently, frequently in ways that contravened social norms. Re-search from this era typically pathologizes these individuals, overlooking their strengths. The analysis reveals a continuity in institutional practices from the Nation-al Socialist era, evident both in upbringing methods and personnel. It was only through the influences of the "new women's movement," anti-authoritarian attitudes, and the collaboration between politically active students and asylum "inmates" in the late 1960s that the process of deinstitutionalization began. The paper concludes that the effort to conduct "work of coping with the past" (Vergangenheitsbewältigung) in social work must extend beyond the National Socialist period to include the post-war years.
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During the mid-1940s, psychiatrist Nise da Silveira (1905 ‒ 1999) began to challenge psychiatric methods of imprisoning patients and treatments such as lobotomy, electro-shock, and insulin therapy. She translated and introduced Jung's theory to Brazil, after meeting him in Switzerland in 1957, where she also presented her work “Schizo-phrenia in Pictures” at the 2nd International Congress of Psychiatry in Zurich. Nise da Silveira was a pioneer of the process of deinstitutionalizing mental health treatment long before Franco Basaglia's visit and influence in Brazil in the late 1970s. Silveira established the “Occupational Therapy Atelier” at the “Pedro II Psychiatric Center” in Rio de Janeiro in 1946, as well as the “Museum of Images of the Unconscious” in 1952. She questioned the neurological and physiological epistemology of mental disorders, advocating instead for a humanist and psychological approach to subjec-tivity, marking a shift from institutional psychiatry to psychopathology. We investigate how this change was made possible by Jungian psychoanalysis and art therapy, in which the Brazilian psychiatrist discovered alternative types of treatment targeted at understanding and treating mentally ill patients. In this way, we focus on her ability to incorporate culture as a way of expressing and managing subjective pain, especially in the case of schizophrenic patients.
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Neurofeedback is an evidence-based, non-invasive method of personalized self-regulation of brain function through real-time feedback to improve brain wave activi-ty. It is used to influence the symptoms of epilepsy, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, post-stroke language disor-ders (aphasia), traumatic brain injury, chronic pain, depression, autism, sleep disor-ders, stuttering, dyslexia and dysgraphia etc., as well as to improve memory and cogni-tive processes. It has been applied successfully to improve memory and cognitive pro-cesses, confidence, motivation, stimulate creative processes, as well as to train for sports excellence. The purpose of this article is to provide a historical retrospective of the development of the Neurofeedback paradigm and its contemporary application in the diagnosis and treatment of various types of disorders. The method used is a review of published articles in electronic databases such as Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, EbscoHost, using the keywords Historical perspective, Neurofeedback, Evidence-Based Practice, swLORETA.
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Carlos Tello Díaz, full time professor at the Centro de Investigaciones sobre América Latina y el Caribe in Mexico’s National University (UNAM). BA (First Honours) and MA in Philosophy and Modern Languages from the University of Oxford, and PhD (Mention très honorable) in History from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) in Paris. Visiting fellow at the universities of Cambridge, Harvard, and La Sorbonne. Author of several books, among which a biography in three volumes of general Porfirio Díaz, the last of which will be published soon in Mexico.
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This paper explores the use of songs by Czech activists in public demonstrations, festivals, and protests under dualism, with a focus on the era of the tábory lidu in the late 1860s and early 1870s. Beginning with the Kaiserlied and its Czech competitor, “Kde domov můj?”, it explores the role of singing in the nationalist movement. The meaning of a song depended as much on who sang it and in which contexts as it did on its content, form, or the intention of its authors or sponsors. In addition to the official and unofficial anthems, Czech demonstrators sang songs like “Hej, Slované,” which paired with “Kde domov můj?” the way “Rule, Britannia” paired with “God Save the King.” Other numbers composed for Czech choral societies also entered the repertoire, as did three important monuments of Czech musical and literary history, the songs of St. Vojtěch, St. Václav, and the Hussite war hymn, “Ktož jsú Boží bojovníci.” These songs were rooted in religious ritual but were now secularized to claim the Bohemian lands for the Czech element, while the Hussite hymn also played a role in internal conflicts within the Czech movement. Singing in Czech demonstrations today still displays these complexities.
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The conference held on November 23-24, 2023, in Ostend, Belgium, commemorated the 300th anniversary of the Ostend Company, highlighting its significant role in trade, navigation, and European politics during the 1720s and 1730s. Organized by the Flemish Maritime Institute, the Royal Belgian Maritime Society, and the City of Ostend, the event featured keynote speeches, sessions on European investors, Asian goods importation, and the company's impact on the Austrian Netherlands. The conference also explored the Ostend Company's influence on European diplomacy and new social ideas, providing fresh perspectives on its historical importance. The event included an exhibition, city tours, and public lectures, aiming to stimulate further research on the Ostend Company.
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The article of John Lewis Gaddis “The Landscape of History: How Historians Map the Past” is an essayistic endeavor to conceptualize the task of history through several figural concepts. The author uses figural concepts – such as metaphorical concepts for example – since he claims that history does not analyze them thoroughly, but represents a dynamic work with the past. The first figure is the painting by David Caspar Friedrich where a man looks at the past as a landscape and not in details. That is the power of generalization and abstraction. It is also exemplified by the abstract cubist model in the art of Pablo Picasso. The founder of the Annales School, Marc Bloch emphasizes the limited scope of the examined events in a historical work. In an essay by Mark Twain it is outlined how maturing is in fact humbling oneself. The role of history is to humble the historian and show him how insignificant he is in the broad picture. Finally, there is an analysis of Thucydides’ "History of the Peloponnesian War", which reaches some important philosophical generalizations. The Athenians were ruthless to the conquered populations, but sometimes they cancelled their brutal measures as unnecessary. From that, Gaddis infers that history’s task is to outline potentialities, but every potentiality can also be amended or not fulfilled at all.
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The article of Shannon Forbes “Equating Performance with Identity: The Failure of Clarissa Dalloway's Victorian “Self” in Virginia Woolf's “Mrs. Dalloway” deals with the critique of Virginia Woolf for the Victorian ideas of the identity and unity of the Ego and the identity and unity of consciousness. The article is about the novel “Mrs. Dalloway”. It examines some of the feminist and psychoanalytic implications of this critique and outlines some important parallels with the essay “A Room of One’s Own” by Woolf. The early feminist writing of Woolf is viewed in the light of the psychoanalytic doctrine of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan that undermines the claims of the ethics of the 19th century that the subject must be consistent and monolithic and anything else should be considered unhealthy. The article elaborates on the episodes in “Mrs. Dalloway” where Clarissa enjoys the walks in London precisely for the purpose of borrowing from the orderliness of the modern city and putting her own personality in order. Clarissa presents the meetings with Peter and Septimus as overburdening because of their questions is she happy and how does she feel. Judith Butler is quoted revealing the performative meaning of Mrs. Dalloway’s actions and her life as a performance. Luce Irigaray is quoted in feminist perspective. She comments on the mirror-function of female personality in patriarchal society, which keeps the female identity always fragmentary and dependent. Clarissa Dalloway hopes for her party to resolve all that.
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Postcolonial literary works by women examine leaving their homeland, enslavement, suppression, rebellion, variance, ethnicity, sexism, location, and reactions to British imperialism and the USA's crucial control conversations, as well as the basic realities of language and communication that gave rise to all of this. Postcolonialism is not opposed to what it includes; instead, it opens up new avenues of research and knowledge. This research sheds light on the intricacies of gendered, racial, and cultural identities in the wake of colonialism by elevating the voices and experiences of postcolonial women. It also contributes to continuing discourses within feminist theory and postcolonial studies. In the end, it makes the case that in order to imagine more inclusive and fair futures, it is critical to magnify a variety of tales and viewpoints.
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The book „Fiction in the archives. The selection of facts and documents in scientific research“ (2024) contains articles from the scientific conference with the same title held in March 2023 at Sofia University. Compilers of the collection are Andriana Spasova, Anna Alexieva, Boyka Ilieva, Nadezhda Alexandrova, Nikolay Zhelev, Slaveya Nedelcheva. The collection aims to raise the topic of the two-way interaction between fact and fiction, myth and history, document and literature.
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