We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
2012. aastal ajaloosündmuste nimetuste õigekirja asjus alanud Tähtede sõda, mis vahepeal näis kandvat vaibumise märke, on Maire Raadiku Keeles ja Kirjanduses ilmunud artikliga taas fööniksina tuhast tõusnud. Nagu Raadik tunnistab, „jäi asi mingis mõttes poolikuks”. Tõepoolest: kui esimese hooga hakati ajakirjanduses isegi Teist maailmasõda kirjutama läbiva väikese algustähega, siis peagi pöördus enamik keeletoimetajatest suure algustähe juurde tagasi. Kas nüüd üritatakse korduskatset?
More...
The text is dedicated to the jurist and writer Stefan Runevsky (1877-1919). He earns a law degree in Sofia in 1910, subsequently he is admitted to the bar, and afterwards he becomes a soldier in the Balkan Wars and the First World War. He develops a disease during the war and shortly after warfare is over, he passes away.
More...
On March 30, 2022, the Romanian-Serbian conference Romanian-Serbian relations in the 20th century took place in Iaşi, within the scientific collaboration agreement (completed in 2021) between the Faculty of History, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University in Iasi, and the Institute of Recent History of Serbia in Belgrade. Both the agreement and the conference aimed to establish relations between historians from Iaşi and Belgrade, on the subject of relations between the two states in the 20th century. The initiators of the project intended to organize, once every two years, meetings between historians interested in political, diplomatic, economic, social, cultural aspects of Romanian-Serbian relations, the meeting in March 2022 being the first in this series.
More...
The paper examines the impact of the armistice signed by the Allies with Badoglio’s government in Italy in 1943 on allied armistice with Romania in 1944. The study is based on the theory that the text of the Italian armistice and the way in which the government was established in Italy were the model by which the government was built in Romania a few years later. The Soviets insisted on reciprocity, expecting that its influence in Romania would correspond to military and political influence of the USA in Italy. The central institution through which the regime in Romania was established, the Allied Control Commission, was a direct result of the signing of the Armistice with the Romanian delegation in Moscow in September 1944.
More...
L’article propose, à partir des Haliéutiques d’Ovide, l’identification des espèces de poissons et des techniques de pêche répertoriées ou décrites dans le poème. Aussi, des analogies seront faites avec des auteurs grecs et latins anciens (Aristote, Pline, Aelian, Oppian, etc.), afin d’extraire quelques informations relatives à la fois à la ressource ichtyologique dans le bassin pontique (espèces, traits, comportement, quantité), ainsi que de l‘industrie du poisson (capture, transformation, stockage) et de la commercialisation (transport, distribution). Certaines questions seront abordées: Que signifie «pontique» dans ce contexte? Est-ce un terme générique ou peut-il être limité à certaines régions? Dans quelle mesure ces produits étaient-ils connus et populaires dans l’Antiquité classique? Peut-on les considérer comme des «biens locaux» ou circulaient-ils? Jusqu'où? Peuvent-ils être identifiés archéologiquement et si oui, dans quelles limites?
More...
Our contribution analyzes one of the youthful writings of the Romanian historian and archaeologist Vasile Pârvan, still very little known in Romanian historiography – M. Aurelius Verus Caesar și L. Au¬re¬lius Com¬mo¬dus, A. D. 138-161. Studiu istoric (Bucharest, 1909). At that time, it was recommended as unique in Romanian historiography, from at least three points of view: 1. It was the first scientific imperial biography in modern Ro¬manian culture. 2. It opened a new direction of investigation – the history of ancient ideas. 3. It addresses an original problem of the institutional history of the Roman Empire, namely the “personal and public law relations” between Hadrian and Antoninus Pius and the “future first co-emperors Marcus Antoninus and Lucius Verus” and between the latter among themselves – specifically, the question of coregency and of the collegiality of sovereign power. In this pioneering work in the field, Vasile Pârvan formulated points of view close to identity with those of some contemporary historians: a) He advanced the idea that Hadrian’s regulation of 25 February 138 whereby the emperor adopted Aurelius Antoninus, and he adopted Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius, was in fact referring to Marcus Aurelius. b) He intuited an extremely important aspect of the phenomenon of imperial succession implemented by Hadrian, without, however, formulating it explicitly, namely the succession in steps, according to the Augustan model. c) He noted that in 136, when he adopted L(ucius) Ceionius Commodus and gave him the name/title of Caesar, thus becoming L(ucius) Aelius Caesar, Hadrian did not also grant his son of the same name (the future Lucius Verus) cognomen Caesar. The situation was repeated under Antoninus Pius: in 139: Caesar only became Marcus, not Verus. Pârvan, following Theodor Mommsen, be¬lieved that this reflected an innovation, an “exceptional procedure” introduced by Hadrian into the succession protocol: only an heir presumptive, only the one truly destined to rule received the title/cognomen of Caesar, not all those adopted and enrolled, theore¬tically, in the line of succession, as had happened under the first imperial dynasty. d) Finally, the Romanian historian showed that 161, the year of Marcus Aurelius’ accession to the throne, marks another innovative moment in Roman constitutional history: Marcus granted his brother Lucius Verus not only the title of Caesar, tribunicia potestas, and imperium pro¬con¬sulare, but also the name-title Imperator... Augustus, making Verus, from co-regent, a “co-em-peror”; and thus was born, instead of a coregency, a Sammtherrshaft, a Dop¬pel¬prinzipat or a “bicephalous principality”, but in which Verus had a subordinate position.
More...
The work deals, from a historiographical perspective, with the delimitation of the evolutionary stages of the Roman imperial monarchy in Liber de Caesaribus by Sextus Aurelius Victor. This topic has attracted the attention of several researchers in recent decades: Chester Starr, Willem Den Boer, Pierre Dufraigne, Eugen Cizek, Giorgio Bonamente, Nelu Zugravu and Moisés Antiqueira. However, the subjective nature of the chronological scheme developed by Aurelius Victor has led to divergent conclusions. These refer to the number of chronological cuts, the determining criteria for division, the factors that the Latin historian took into account in demarcating the historical periods or cycles, on the one hand, and to the philosophical, religious and moral resources that founded such a chronology, on the other hand.
More...
Stephan of Sânger, lay notary of the Cluj-Mănăştur convent between 1370-1383, took part, driven for surely by abbot Otto (1360-1383), in probably the largest institutional initiative of documentary forgery in Late Medieval Transylvania, in order to expand the estates of this very important and influent Benedictine monastery in the region. At the same time with this illegal activity, taking the model of his superior, it seems that Stephan developed his own immoral strategy, in order to increase the wealth and inheritance of his wife Elisabeth, the noble daughter of Kalach of Sânmărtin, not without forging documents. Therefore, the purpose of this approach is to follow the most detailed trail of this strategy, to record its mechanism and to capture its consequences, even after the tragic and violent death of Stephan. The paper ends with an appendix in which the most important documentary pieces of the subject are recovered.
More...
List of publications on Wadowice and the surrounding area, which appeared in 2022.
More...
List of publications on Wadowice and the surrounding area, which appeared in 2000.
More...
In the years 1984-1990, in Andrychów, Kęty and Wadowice, an independent periodical „Solidarny” was published by activists of the banned NSZZ „Solidarność”. The magazine was created by Wiesław Pyzio from Andrychów. From 1985 till 1990 the magazine was illegally printed in Wadowice and distributed locally thanks to a network of distributors. In the years 1984-1990, 25 issues of the magazine were pu blished. The journal discussed topics related to the political and economic situation in Poland, political repressions, stigmatized abuses of power, and revealed cases of mismanagement and nepotism. „Solidarny” became an important tool in breaking the information monopoly of the communist party.
More...
This article concerns the iconography of the interior of the church located at the Monastery of Discalced Carmelites in Wadowice. It discusses individual images found on the altars and on the wall paintings in this temple. It presents a wealth of iconographic and biographical content hidden behind the representations of saints, blesseds and servants of God related to the history and spirituality of Carmel.
More...
The synod of Constantinople of 1351 discussed six questions and answers concerning the Palamite doctrine of energies. Nikephoros Gregoras was condemned at the gathering and subsequently defended his position in his History of the Romans, where he indicated that the Neoplatonist Plotinus held the same views on the relation between the divine and its activities. This would imply that Plotinus’ ideas were also condemned at the synod of 1351. On the other side of the debate, the Neoplatonist Proclus had anticipated the same arguments as Gregory Palamas in his commentary on Plato’s Parmenides. Indeed, the Palamite debate employed argumentative strategies which had distinguished Plotinus from Proclus and therefore revealed the brilliant dynamism of Byzantine Platonism in the fourteenth century.
More...
Loan is delivery by one party to and receipt by another party of sum of money upon agreement, to repay it without (Roman mutuum) or with (Roman fenus). In Roman law, in the case of money, it could be required to pay interest if there had been a special stipulation to that effect. Rates of interest were limited from time of the XII Tables till Justinian’s legislation. Under the influence of the provisions of the Scriptures the canons of Christian Church councils anathematized taking of interest as an usury, and Procheiron explicitely forbids it. However, taking of interest became a need of economic life, so the Novella LXXXIII of Emperor Leo VI allowed the interest with a rate of 4%, and Basilika repeated the provisions of Justinian’s legislation. Matheas Blastares introduced in his Syntagma two chapters regarding interest, exposing ecclesiastical rules and secular laws. Serbian charters and Law Code of Stefan Dušan do not mention the contract of loan, but Saint Archangels’ chrysobull forbids to the monks to let the money at interest.
More...
The provision of Article 110 of Dushan’s Code, which prohibits judges from taking obrok by force, has not been examined from a comparative legal point of view, although in civilizationally close Russian law, primarily in the Sudebniks from 1497 and 1550 and the Saborno ulozhenie from 1649, there are similar anti-corruption regulations that prohibit judges from taking posul. The evolution of the concept of posul in Russian law, as well as the related tax institutions of obrok and korm, sheds a different light both on the overall development of the tax institution if obrok in Serbian law during the 13th and 14th centuries, as well as on the meaning of Article 110 of Dushan’s Code itself. While previous research on the Serbian obrok gives an extremely static view of this fiscal institution, according to which obrok from Dushan’s Code has the same meaning as obrok from the Bistrica Charter of King Stefan Vladislav, the related regulations of Russian legal sources show that the same tax expressions over time received a completely different legal meaning. This paper starts from the premise that the new meaning of the term “obrok” from the Article 110 of Dushan’s Code is directly related to the changes in the organization of Dushan’s state, which in its legal nature is close to the Muscovite state of Emperor Ivan IV Vasilyevich.
More...
Francesco Filelfo (Tolentino 1398 – Florence 1481) was one of the humanists to gain a thorough knowledge of Greek in Constantinople, where he lived in the 1420s. The young learned man was integrated into the Byzantine establishment. In particular, the heir and joint emperor John VIII Palaiologos appointed him as his personal secretary. On behalf of John, Filelfo attended the international congress in Buda in 1423; he met personally with the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, Despot of Serbia Stefan Lazarević and other European leaders. He also went to Kovin on his return to Constantinople. In his Letters to Roman popes, kings and princes, the Italian humanist proposed to serve as an alter Nestor, a man who would give better advice on the war against the Turks. He is particularly interested in Serbian history. In this respect, he mentions the most important events relating to the Serbian resistance against the Ottoman Empire, such as the sacrifice of Lazar in the Battle of Kosovo polje (1389), the legendary defense of Belgrade in 1456, and the fall of the fortress of Smederevo in 1459. Filelfo’s Letters represent an extraordinary testimony on Western Balkan history.
More...