"Harcownik w świecie zawodowców". Roman Zimand jako badacz literatury i pisarz polityczny

Author(s): Jan Olaszek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 16/2019

This article is about the journalist, literary researcher, and opposition activist Roman Zimand. The author tries to answer several questions about Zimand’s life and achievements. What were his specific achievements and his approach to academic work? What role did the political context of the Polish People’s Republic play? What was the relationship between Zimand and the academic community in which he operated? To what extent can he be considered a “total intellectual”? The article begins with a brief biographical outline. Then the author focuses on presenting Zimand’s output and the specifics of his approach to academic work. The next part concerns Zimand’s political writing and the combination of his political commitment with his scholarship. Then the author discusses the relations between Zimand, the academic community, and the authorities of the Polish People’s Republic. In the last part of the article, the author considers the possibility of viewing Zimand as a “total intellectual.”

"Itt van a` legvégső óltára Pallásnak". Az Erdélyi Kéziratkiadó Társaság és az Erdélyi Magyar Nyelvmívelő Társaság története

Author(s): Péter Dávid / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 2013

This work shows how the 18th century scientific societies were established in Transylvania. Furthermore, it deals with the aims, the works, the ideology and the texts written by these societies. My thesis introduces how it was possible in Transylvania to find this type of societies with the support of the then-governor of Transylvania, György Bánffy. These institutions had the chance to be self-led, which was very strange at that time, given that there weren’t any similar institutions in Hungary.The first chapter of my thesis deals with the political situation of Transylvania in the 1790s and also with the diets that gathered at that time. The reason for this is that these diets bring forward the main issues of the whole Transylvanian society providing the context for the scientific societies’ purpose. This part of the dissertation highlights some political questions which were negotiated in the diet. Later these issues gave topics to the Manuscript Publishing Society and the Language Protective Society as well. One of the crucial questions is the relations of Transylvania with Hungary and Austria. There were some opinions at the diet of 1790–91 – using the chaotic situation after the death of Joseph II – which reinterpreted the relations between Vienna and Buda, Vienna and Cluj and also Buda and Cluj. A part of the thesis aims at analysing the relationship between the three countries based on some Transylvanian leaflets.At the 1790s diets there were both innovative and conservative ideas. The conservative ideas came from the Szeklers and the Saxons who were against paying taxes and joining the military. They also wanted to have their old privileges restored.This was the period when the Romanians first appeared on the Transylvanian political stage. They handed in the Supplex Libellus Valachorum which required privileges for the Romanian nation also referring to their ancient rights. The Supplex Libellus Valachorum would have given wider political rights and religious freedom to the Romanians if it had been accepted. Unlike the Romanians, the Armenians were successful. The cities of Szamosújvár and Ebesfalva handed in a petition to the diet to give them the right of becoming free royal cities. The question of nationalities inside Transylvania was a crucial problem outside the diets as well. This work shows how the 18th century scientific societies were established in Transylvania. Furthermore, it deals with the aims, the works, the ideology and the texts written by these societies. My thesis introduces how it was possible in Transylvania to find this type of societies with the support of the then-governor of Transylvania, György Bánffy. These institutions had the chance to be self-led, which was very strange at that time, given that there weren’t any similar institutions in Hungary.The first chapter of my thesis deals with the political situation of Transylvania in the 1790s and also with the diets that gathered at that time. The reason for this is that these diets bring forward the main issues of the whole Transylvanian society providing the context for the scientific societies’ purpose. This part of the dissertation highlights some political questions which were negotiated in the diet. Later these issues gave topics to the Manuscript Publishing Society and the Language Protective Society as well. One of the crucial questions is the relations of Transylvania with Hungary and Austria. There were some opinions at the diet of 1790–91 – using the chaotic situation after the death of Joseph II – which reinterpreted the relations between Vienna and Buda, Vienna and Cluj and also Buda and Cluj. A part of the thesis aims at analysing the relationship between the three countries based on some Transylvanian leaflets. At the 1790s diets there were both innovative and conservative ideas. The conservative ideas came from the Szeklers and the Saxons who were against paying taxes and joining the military. They also wanted to have their old privileges restored.This was the period when the Romanians first appeared on the Transylvanian political stage. They handed in the Supplex Libellus Valachorum which required privileges for the Romanian nation also referring to their ancient rights. The Supplex Libellus Valachorum would have given wider political rights and religious freedom to the Romanians if it had been accepted. Unlike the Romanians, the Armenians were successful. The cities of Szamosújvár and Ebesfalva handed in a petition to the diet to give them the right of becoming free royal cities. The question of nationalities inside Transylvania was a crucial problem outside the diets as well. Famous Transylvanian historians and the members of the Language Protective Society will work on this topic.From the reports of the diets, leaflets, petitions and private letters emerges a very colourful Transylvania, with several religious cults, nationalities and political ideologies. Among these, Governor György Bánffy, tried to create a “unified Transylvania”. Bánffy’s idea is based on the Transylvanian traditions and laws. That is why Bánffy’s programme became Transylvania’s official ideology. The main argument for his theory is that it may have succeded in controlling the contrasts between the multiple nationalities and religions. Bánffy’s aim is to reach peace among the nationalities by trying to reach a network of compromises. The scientific institutions, which are supported by Bánffy, will use the same ideology in their texts. The second chapter of my dissertation deals with the Manuscript PublishingSociety. It follows the tradition of those treatises which have been written about this topic earlier. It centers on the description of the structure and the aims of the institution. This chapter has two significant results. On one hand, it interprets manuscripts which have never been analysed before. On the other hand, it deals with the paratexts of Schesaeus-epic, published by the society. From these texts we can extract elements of the “unified Transylvania” ideology.The third chapter is about the Transylvanian Language Protective Society. I start the description with the analysis of György Aranka’s leaflets and the problem of the Hungarian official language. Based on these leaflets we can discover the main aim of the society: to develop the Hungarian language and to make its use possible in both political and legal communication. Moreover, its objective was to spread it among the different nationalities that live in the country. The chapter also figures out why the researchers and politicians considered this theory possible. This chapter describes the structure of the society, the changes it went through and its most important members. It differentiates the institutions, firstly from a circle of friends who gathered in 1803, secondly, from a scientific society which was founded and supported by Farkas Cserey in 1806. And thirdly, it intends to separate the Language Protective Society from the group which gathered in 1818, leaded by Gábor Döbrentei. This segment studies the Aranka-correspondence as the primary source for revealing the relationship among the members of the society.In addition, it analyses the reports of the societies in order to discover the facts that caused some changes in the structure of the institution, dividing its work into six periods. This chapter also analyses the “colourful” publication of the institution called The First Work of the Hungarian Language Protective Society. The aim of this book was to show that Hungarian language is appropriate for assembling several types of writing (e.g.: review, comical poems or odes).With the help of new sources, my paper tries to explain the reasons which led to the end of the Language Protective Society’s work in 1801. The last chapter of the thesis is about two texts in which the members of the Language Protective Society were extremely interested. These texts are the following: the Szekler Chronicle of Csík and a description of Transylvania which used the Szekler Chronicle of Csík. This description was compiled as a response against August Ludwig Schlözer’s Kritische Sammlungen. From the analysis of these works it turns out that the Language Protective Society also followed the theory of the “unified Transylvania” and tried to create representative documents that show the Hungarian as an appropriate language for legal, political or scientific communication. The description of Transylvania, which was written for thise purpose, defines the situation of the Hungarian, Szeklers and Saxon nationalities on the basis of traditional historical view. Using the Szekler Chronicle of Csík it considers the Szeklers to be the aboriginals of Transylvania who even helped the Hungarians to find their new homeland in the 890s. Another innovation of this description is that it also regards the Romanian nationality as residents of Transylvania.In the last part of the third chapter readers can get acquainted with the societies which were formed later and which tried to pose as successors of the Language Protective Society. Although these societies and their texts were created on the basis of other political ideologies, they aimed to inherit the support and the collection of their predecessor. They wanted to define themselves as the pursuers of the work of the late 18th century society. However, they wanted to hide the idea of the “unified Transylvania” which was very significant in the life of the Language Protective Society.

"Mała wojna". Działania wojsk rosyjskich w Inflantach, Estonii oraz Ingermanlandii w latach 1700–1704

Author(s): Paweł Krokosz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

"Sunt mihi quae valeant in talea pondera". Opanowanie wschodnich nadbałtyckich prowincji szwedzkich przez armię rosyjską w 1710 r.

Author(s): Paweł Krokosz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

"Ustaše sa strane - s fesovima na glavi!" Jedna problematična teza o nasiljima u istočnoj Hercegovini 1941. godine

Author(s): Ivica Šarac / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 6/2020

The article seeks to test a thesis - that was set during the Second World War and gradually grew into an unquestionable fact in a part of historiographical literature - "foreign Ustashe", primarily those from the western parts of Herzegovina, were the most responsible for crimes committed over Serbian-Orthodox community in the East Herzegovina during 1941. The article is composed of two parts: analytical elaboration in the first part and appendices containing extracts from documents of the District Court in Mostar.

"V hlave tridsať, v krížoch sto". Starnutie v autobiografiách v Bratislave a Viedni.

Author(s): Ľubica Voľanská / Language(s): Slovak / Publication Year: 2016

Európa šedivie. Staroba a starnutie sa tak stále častejšie stávajú predmetom mediálneho, sociálno-politického i výskumníckeho záujmu. Subjektívne prežívanie tejto životnej etapy i starnutia ako procesu je však v stredoeurópskom prostredí v sociálnych vedách skúmané málo. Ľubicu Voľanskú zaujímali motivácie správania sa a činností starých ľudí, ich postoje k vlastnému správaniu a konaniu a k správaniu a konaniu iných, ako sú zobrazené v ich autobiografických textoch. V monografii sleduje ambivalentné vnímanie staroby vo verejnom a odbornom diskurze prepojené s vnímaním starými ľuďmi v súvislosti s hranicami staroby. Bežne kladené otázky: Kto je starý? Ako možno stanoviť časovú alebo inú hranicu, odkedy je človek starý? necháva zodpovedať svojich partnerov a partnerky vo výskume. Ich výpovede dáva do kontextu širokej odbornej literatúry, ktorá sa hranicou staroby a prežívaním staroby zaoberá.

(Pre)štampa(va)nje djela i autorska prava početkom 20. stoljeća u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Hana Younis / Language(s): Bosnian,English / Issue: 25/2020

This work focuses on the Walny vs. Kajon copyright infringement case, showing the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina within this field during the Austro-Hungarian rule. The author shows how copyright was legally regulated and how it could have led to infringement, through methods of (re)printing of Plan von Sarajevo und Umgebung. Participants of this legal case are well known to public, as writers, owners and editors of respectable journals and printing houses. For this reason, this case deserves some special attention.

50 Years of Právněhistorické studie

Author(s): Kamila Stloukalová / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

A Tüköry-kastél y Diósszentpálon. Tervezték, Különlenyomat a „Magyar Mérnök – és Építész Egylet Közlönyé“-ből, XXXIX, Bpest, 1905., 501.-505.

Author(s): Gyula Sándy / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2019

A Tüköry-kastél y Diósszentpálon. Tervezték, Különlenyomat a „Magyar Mérnök – és Építész Egylet Közlönyé“-ből, XXXIX, Bpest, 1905., 501.-505.

About the Authors

Author(s): Mihaela Gligor / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2021

Afterword: The Time of Terror, the Time of Remembrance

Author(s): Przemyslaw Urbanczyk / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2021

AJUTORUL CARE N-A MAI VENIT

Author(s): Dan Prahase / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 19/2020

The first part of this study briefly presents the campaign led by General Bonaparte in Italy between 1796–1797. The second part is dedicated to the campaign carried out by the same general in Egypt and Syria between 1798–1799. The events are exposed, in particular, from the perspective of the participation, in the two mentioned campaigns, of the writer Ioan Budai-Deleanu: besieged at Mantua and waiting for the help of the border guards of Năsăud in the first one and then a captain in the French army in the second one.

Anna-Bettina Kaiser: Ausnahmeverfassungsrecht

Author(s): Albrecht Götz von Olenhusen / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2020

Review of: Anna-Bettina Kaiser, Ausnahmeverfassungsrecht Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2020, XV+416 S., ISBN 978-3-16-156412-3

Antroponimia din Ineu între Secolele XVII-XVIII

Author(s): Melinda Gabriela Keresztes / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2020/2020

In this article we attempt to analyze the anthroponomy of Ineu as presented from the seventeenth century until the eighteenth, in order to offer more answers not only of a cultural nature, but also ethnical, patrimonial and social. The basis for this article are primary sources such as the register of fief conscriptions from 1605, 1746 and 1777. There are two objectives that this scientific studies attempts to accomplish. The first one encompasses a multitude of research topics: to analyze surnames in regards to their origin divided in a number of categories (For example: those derived from their place of origin, from crafts, ethnical meaning or nicknames). The second objective refers to the creation of statistical evaluations regarding the spread of surnames originating in the Old Testament, the New Testament, divinity or from saints’ names from the thirteenth until the eighteenth century. After the statistical review and interpretation process we decided to create charts and graphics through which we can show the influence of both the Western and Eastern Church upon the naming tradition of Ineu.

Arhivski fond Vrhovni šerijatski sud Sarajevo (1879. – 1946.) kao izvor za lokalnu historiju na primjeru Gračanice

Author(s): Mina Kujović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 50/2020

Archival documents created through the work of both lower and higher judicial bodies in Bosnia and Herzegovina are very interesting for the study of local history. However, they are often very sparsely presented in the scientific research of our past due to their extensive nature, the fact that they are often not processed and in disorder. The archive fund of the Supreme Sharia Court of Sarajevo, 1879 – 1946, stored in the Archive of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo, has been archivally arranged and analytically processed. Unfortunately, it has not been used yet. The Supreme Sharia Court of Sarajevo ruled on the basis of Sharia regulations. This was a second instance court and its decisions were final. The court operated from 1879 to 1946, but the court cases for the whole territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina have not been preserved for every single year. The archive material is stored in 196 archive boxes and 58 court cases refer to the area of Gračanica and its surroundings. This article was written on the basis of the data in the analytical inventory of the Supreme Sharia Court of Sarajevo, while the archive material itself, the 198 boxes, would have to be consulted for more detailed research.

ASPECTE ECONOMICE PRIVIND ORAŞUL NĂSĂUD ÎN PERIOADA INTERBELICĂ

Author(s): Dorin Dologa / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 19/2020

Agriculture remains the main economic source during the period between the end of World War I and the beginning of World War II. But, in Năsăud, it has slowly development during the interwar period.

ASPECTE PRIVIND EFECTELE FOAMETEI ÎN TRANSILVANIA

Author(s): Carmen Rontea / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 19/2020

This study seeks to capture the image of Transylvania during periods in which the inhabitants of this territory suffered due to lack of food. Hunger is naturally associated with poor harvests during periods of drought, heavy rains, plagues and also with numerous wars fought over the course of time.

Asur Belgelerinde Kimmerler

Author(s): Koray Toptaş / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 27/2020

The Cimmerians, a migrant-settler group began to migrate towards the south and the west following their displacement from their homeland by the Scythians. Those Cimmerians who migrated to the south came to the borders of Urartu and Assyria and began to threat both states. Especially the Urartian kings found themselves in a difficult situation against the Cimmerians. However, soon these warriors turned their direction to the Assyrian Empire and started attacking its borders. Thus, their activities attracted the attention of Assyria and the Assyrian documents started to inform about them. The Assyrian documents are of great value as they contribute to the mapping of the geographical area where the Cimmerians spread and the clarification of their history. The mentioning of Cimmerians in the Assyrian documents as an enemy to be feared is a proof of their power in the Near East.

BATTLE OF WARSAW 1920.

VARŠAVSKA BITKA 1920.

Author(s): Mateusz MORAWIECKI / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

Postoje u istoriji presudni trenuci koje definišu dalji tok istorije. Jedan od takvih momenata 20. vijeka je za Poljsku i Evropu 15. avgust 1920. godine. Poljska, preporođena 1918. godine, tada je vodila odlučnu, pobjedonosnu bitku sa boljševičkim trupama, koje su trebale da prenesu vatru komunističke revolucije na čitavu zapadnu Evropu, iscrpljenu ljudskim i materijalnim gubicima Velikog rata.

Being Entrapped Between Change and Return to the Kemalist Political Culture: Two Stories of the Ak Party Foreign Policy in the Context of Arab Spring

Author(s): Rıdvan Kalaycı,Ünal Tüysüz / Language(s): English / Issue: 27/2020

This study is about foreign policy implementations that applied to design Turkish politics before and after the Arab Spring periods by Ak Party, which entered the political scene with the wind of “change”and “reform”. In this context, the current study suggests that the AK Party, prior to the Arab Spring,reinterpreted the basic paradigms of the Kemalist political culture and shaped its foreign policy on these dynamics, but with the Arab Spring, experienced a shift towards the traditional line. In order to embody this argument, the relationship between political culture and foreign policy in the AK Party period is examined in detail.