LITERATURE AND RESISTANCE TO THE NORMS OF DOCTRINARY CANON (DIACHRONIC SIGNS)

Author(s): Mihaela Airinei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 16/2019

Exegetes of trends of ideas from Romanian literature and culture have the merit of intervening in a space of equivoque and, with severe voluptuousness or deference, gloss over the resistance through culture in the concentrationist society. The problem- posing selection surveys the works in which the evolutions from the Romanian culture took place after the year 1945. The critical contribution of the researchers proves to be once more abundant in fertile and tantalizing suggestions, their analysis conveying the nature of the mutations that take place on the grounds of history of literature. The Great battles managed to recover, to the benefit of the language of history of literature and not only, the avatars of resistance to the norms of doctrinary canon.

IBRAHIM PASHA: A CHRISTIAN HERO IN THE OTTOMAN PALACE

Author(s): Fahd Mohammed Taleb Al-Olaqi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The article examines the representation of the Turkish pioneer personage called Ibrahim Pasha (1493–1536) in Elkanah Settle’s “Ibrahim the Illustrious Bassa” (1677). He is known as the Westerner born a Christian, and the favourite to Sultan Soliman the Magnificent (1494–1566) who viciously executed him. But in Settle, the conspiracy to slay Ibrahim failed. The Turkish grand vizier Ibrahim is symbolic in Restoration Age for the terrific abuse of friendship by the Ottoman Sultan. Settle envisages Ibrahim Pasha with admiration for his success as well as his dramatic fate to encounter the Turkish tyranny. The author meticulously portrays the Christian born Ibrahim’s fidelity against the Turkish Soliman’s infidelity. However, Settle articulates his allure in the confrontation between Europe and Turkey in the Ottoman palace of Constantinople to amuse the English audience.

Международна конференция, посветена на о. Паисий Хилендарски и създаването на „История славянобългарска“

Author(s): Margaret Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 45/2022

კიდევ ერთხელ გრიგოლ ორბელიანის გაორებული პიროვნების შესახებ

Author(s): Nana Arakhamia / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 6/2023

Grigol Orbeliani is one of the distinguished figures in the 19th century’s Georgian reality. The interest in him is stipulated by two circumstances: Grigol Orbeliani’s literary heritage, as a remarkable Georgian romanticist and also his public activity as one of the most successful Georgian military servants. Our scientific interest in this article relates works of Grigol Orbeliani as a military servant that definitely made trace on his works as romanticist poet. This issue to present remains topical in the Georgian literary criticism that is being reviewed in various contexts. One part of scientific researchers considers that after the conspiracy by 1832, spiritually suppressed poet found relief in successful military career. It is to be noted that such a viewpoint is found itself in the life of poet, in the evaluations of contemporary citizens. The second part of researchers reject aforesaid, state that both the works and military career of romanticist poet was stipulated by one aspiration - maintenance of peace in the country and care for welfare. There is posed relevant question, what is truth; was indeed changed his recognition after defeat of conspiracy by 1832; we will try to answer exactly this (and other) question considering materials and epistolary heritage of writer around science. Grigol Orbeliani’s letters mentioned in article, has proven Ilia Chavchavadze’s (and other researchers’) standpoint that we have to refer his letters for the review of Grigol Orbeliani’s military career and works that is a certain key for exact provision of issues subject to analyzing.

მიხა ხელაშვილის „ლექსო ამოგთქომ“ და მისი ფოლკლორული ძირები

Author(s): Khvtiso Mamisimedishvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 6/2023

In the Soviet period, the stories about Mikha Khelashvili’s hectic life and his poems were spread by word of mouth. Mikha Khelashvili’s poetry was particularly popular among the mountain peoples due to some reasons. First, the poems the poet composed mainly with Pshavi dialect were close to folklore and folk motifs. The topics and motives Mikha Khelashvili wrote about were a subject of interest and concern for people. Another reason for his popularity was that Mikha Khelashvili remained in the memory of the people as a hero who fought for the freedom of his homeland. Mikha Khelashvili, a prominent fighter of Kakutsa Cholokashvili’s Band of Sworn Men, lived and died in such a way, which are often the topics of big tragedies in the works by genius writers. The killers hired by the Bolsheviks betrayed 25-year-old Mikha Khelashvili and killed him. The betrayal was especially appalling as the young poet’s closest friends were its accomplices. Mikha Khelashvili’s poetic masterpiece "The poem to utter" has root parallels with one of the Chechen folk songs " The earth will dry upon my grave", which L. Tolstoy attributed to the number of "wonderful songs expressing revenge and strength". This old Chechen song was first included by I. Ipolitov in his publication "Ethnographic Essay of the Arghun District", published in 1868 in Tbilisi, in Russian "Collection of data about Caucasian mountains" (Сборник сведений о кавказских горцах). The report uses historical-comparative and structural methods to analyze the parallels between Mikha Khelashvili’s poem and the Chechen folk song.

ქართული ლიტურგიკული ჰიმნოგრაფიის ისტორიიდან

Author(s): Lela Khachidze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 4/2022

"Lenten Triodion" translated and edited by George the Athonite is one of the most important monuments of ancient Georgian writing. It contains a treasury of Byzantine and Georgian hymnography - numerous hymns, the authors of which are the outstanding representatives of the Christian Church and culture. Its classic, extensive redaction was created in 1056-1059 and has been preserved in numerous manuscripts. In this paper, we have revealed and studied a new redaction of this collection. The research is based on scholarly publications, Georgian manuscripts, as well as their photocopies and electronic versions. Particularly important in this regard is the Georgian manuscript of the Athonite collection - Ath.59 and the manuscript Paris. Georg. 5 held at the National Library of Paris. As a result of the research, the following circumstances have been revealed: The unique, extensive "Lenten Triodion" under George the Athonite's redaction, which has no analogue, was preceded by a short recension of this collection, which is preserved in the mentioned Athos manuscript; This redaction contains a much smaller number of hymns; The masterpiece of Christian poetry - "The Great Canon" of St. Andrew of Crete and the texts of biblical odes have been preserved in the earlier translations; The elements of "minor doxology" are systematically found in it, which were typical only at the beginning of George the Athonite’s activity; The component (the "Presentation") characteristic for later collections is found only a few times; These circumstances testify to the fact that "Lenten Triodion" is one of the first monuments translated from Greek by George the Athonite, on which he worked for a long time.

მნემონიური ნარატივის ნაციონალური მოდელები: XX საუკუნე ნინო ხარატიშვილის ერთი რომანის მიხედვით

Author(s): Mariam Miresashvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 4/2022

The phenomenon of mnemonic narrative represents one of the poetic principles of novel art. In the process of arranging artistic integrity, the mimesis of memory and recollection can be considered as one of the leading principles of narrative, which, in turn, is related to the presentation of the existing reality, the inner world of the literary subject, the artistic perception of memories and the authorial concept. A characteristic feature of the mnemonic narrative method is the emphasis on the authenticity of the artistic expression, while the goal is to show the process of searching for the truth in the past by a literary hero. This way a sense of distance is created in the consciousness of the literary subject / narrator towards his past experience; also readiness of the protagonist / narrator to reconsider the events of the past from the perspective of the existing reality / current events. In this light, we analyze the epic novel "Eighth Life (Brilka)" by the German-speaking Georgian writer Nino Kharatishvili (2014), which we consider to be a successful attempt to present a panoramic picture of the history of the 20th century Georgia. Mnemonic narrative on the contradictory nature of the Soviet mentality and traumatic memory, projecting on the solution of modern problems by recalling the painful past, breaking of the Soviet Empire and the stereotypes that have defined the ideological consciousness of the Georgian people for decades, breaking the bond between the generations - this is the incomplete list of problems in Nino Kharatishvili's family saga, which describes the vicissitudes of life of seven members of Jashi family. From the perspective of traumatic memory, the protagonist of the novel tries to understand when and under whose influence the unwavering aspiration for freedom was formed in the conditions of a totalitarian regime. Her narratives address the events of collective / cultural trauma, in the context of which she realizes the past of 20th century Georgia, recalls people who formed her moral orientations and played a role in her spiritual formation. The traumatic concepts of Soviet existence are clearly presented in the novel; it is illustrated that throughout the seventy years of the Bolshevik totalitarian regime (1921-1991), Georgian nation never tolerated its fate and maintained the spark of protest, which, along with the collective trauma, was passed down from generation to generation.

SOME FRAGMENTS OF THE LITERARY AND CULTURAL LIFE OF THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF TSKHINVALI

Author(s): Aleksandre Mgebrishvili / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

According to the materials at hand, in the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century, a number of interesting, distinguished figures from the Tskhinvali region reached the direction of literary and cultural construction of our country, who made the greatest contribution to the history of Georgian literary and cultural life. Besarion Pavlenishvili undoubtedly occupies an undeniable place among these people. Love for literature and patriotic work are generally characteristic of Pavlenishvili from Eredvi. Mikh. Pavlenishvili translated Shakespeare's "Hamlet", Pushkin's "Amazing Dream", Lermontov's "Angel", "Will", etc. The translations were periodically published in the magazine Tsiskari. He was the author of the original poems: "Infant", "Dream", "Invisible Forces" and others. Giorgi and Nikoloz Pavlenishvili actively cooperated with newspaper “Droeba”. In the Tskhinvali region, when talking about the creative, intellectual forces of the 19th and 20th centuries, we think it would be interesting to mention the name of Tskhinvali resident Grigol Kherkheulidze, who briefly entered the creative arena. Due to the tragic accident, the region prematurely lost a highly interesting writer and figure with an original voice. According to the materials at our disposal, a number of interesting, outstanding figures from the Tskhinvali region in the field of literary and cultural construction of our country, who have made a great contribution to the history of Georgian literary and cultural life and left a visible mark, have left a lasting impression. The works of these persons and the list of these individuals may still be extended. We mean the artistic or publicist texts scattered in the numerous periodicals of that period, the acquaintance of which is still interesting for today's audience. These materials are still somehow left out of the public eye. Bringing them to the fore again will help, on the one hand, to popularize the literary heritage of the creative “intelligentsia” of the Tskhinvali region, and, on the other hand, to promote the culture, literary relations and history of a part of Georgia that has already become an occupied territory. Thoroughly, with the right orientation, study the important case.

გივი მარგველაშვილის ,,კაპიტანი ვაკუში” (გოგლიმოგლის სემანტიკა და ონტოლოგიური სივრცის ანალიზი)

Author(s): Mari Simonishvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 3/2021

Givi Margvelashvili is a victim of two dictatorships, Nazism and Communism, he is a double emigrant, his multifaceted work is created on the border of two cultures, two different worldviews. He started writing at the age of 30, when after leaving the Saxenhausen concentration camp, he found himself in a completely foreign environment, in his historical homeland, and his aunt's family was connected to the old life with only German. "From the past, only language was selected for him, language was a living part of a deprived life, which no one could take away except time. At the same time, his memory and talent faced unprecedented resistance ”(Margvelashvili 2018: 216). On the one hand, the work on German-language literature, and on the other hand, the literary disagreement that Margvelashvili showed against the current regime, increasingly formed the basis for saying that "language and theme choose the writer" (emphasis added Naira Gelashvili) and not vice versa. "Captain Vakushi" is a text created in the early period of Givi Margvelashvili's work, it is autobiographical and is a genre of historical novel. The object of our attention this time is the first volume of this work. The writer tells us about the period, how Western culture digs into a number of peculiarities of Nazi existence and what is the current reality seen through the eyes of an immigrant. Obviously, Margvelashvili's style of play is preserved in this text as well, and the author often conveys the message grotesquely, with a kind of cynicism and allegory, with metaphorical charges. The excursion of the novel is led by a teenager Givi Margvelashvili, the principle of historicism is preserved, the facts are found for a real basis, the facts are conveyed ironically and the face of totalitarian regimes is identified by metaphorical subtexts.

საბჭოთა ცენზურა და გურამ გეგეშიძის მხატვრული პროზა (რომან „ხმა მღაღადებლისას“ და მოთხრობა „ჟამის“ მიხედვით)

Author(s): Ana Gogilashvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 2/2021

The tragic event of 1921 marked another painful page in the history of Georgia and many authors have described these episode of our country’s life. Ilia Chavchadze says that the function of a writer is to awake the nation in hard times. Many Georgian writers took upon themselves this mission during the Soviet regime. However, it was often the equivalent of death. Guram Gegeshidze is a writer who worries about his country. His novel “Voice of the Outcryer” (1982) and story “epoch” (1984) describes several episodes of the historical processes in Georgia. After Stalin's death, from the 1950s to the 1980s, writers were no longer awaiting a death for criticizing the Soviet regime, but still were victims of harassment and arrest. For example, we can name the stories of Guram Dochanashvili and Chabua Amirejibi. Therefore, we think that in 1982and 1984, the publication of a novel and a story by Guram Gegeshidze loaded with anti-Soviet ideology, "Voice of the Outcryer" and “epoch”, required great courage on the part of the writer. Several important paradigms are noted in the works under consideration, including the concept of a father with a national spirit and his son, Kaplan and Nestor Vardanidze, which in our paper is considered to echo the epoch and is analyzed in the context of establishment of the Soviet Union. Also noteworthy is the Undiladze clan, ideologically opposed to the Vardanidze clan, which the author portrayed as a symbol of betrayal and immorality. The murder of Jambakur Vardanidze, who came out of the church and was dressed in white, is presented as an allegory of the murder of God and holiness by the Bolsheviks in our work. Guram Gegeshidze's emphasis on the gliding blood on read flag is another visible example of the author's attitude towards the bloody Soviet regime.

THE TECHNOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION: FROM THE ABOLITION OF MAN (C.S. LEWIS) TO A POSTHUMAN FUTURE (F. FUKUYAMA)

Author(s): Monica Meruțiu / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2020

In the course of time the line between the use and abuse of technology has been rather thin; the moment technology fails to place and maintain at its center the dignity and the sanctity of the human being, the sacredness of life, it ceases to be an instrument for the people and becomes an element of degradation and destruction of the very essence of humanity. With the advent of the industrialization processes continuous concerns about the role of technology in people’s lives began to be expressed. The tone oscillated between criticism and appraisal and at times it became even messianic and apocalyptical. The main research questions and objectives of the article are revolving around three main pillars: 1) to problematize whether the technological process could be interpreted as an abolition of man (C.S. Lewis) or as a conspiracy against all interior life (G. Bernanos) that today might be echoed and illustrated in the various expressions of posthumanism; 2) to analyze technology through the lenses of ends and means, technology as an instrumentum and a way of revealing (Heidegger), to question the nature of ethics needed as an antidote and the imperative of responsibility (H. Jonas), and the potential of a technology with a human face (E. F. Schumacher); 3) to reflect on the possibilities of transcending transhumanism (F. Fukuyama) while (re)humanizing dehumanization.

Compte-rendu : Margarita Alfaro, Vassiliki Lalagianni et Ourania Polycandrioti (dir.). Voyage et idéologie. Les politiques de la mobilité (Orient, Afrique, Asie – XXe siècle). Editions du Bourg, Montrouge, 2022, ISBN : 978-2-490650-23-1

Author(s): Elena Dineva / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2023

Margarita Alfaro, Vassiliki Lalagianni et Ourania Polycandrioti (dir.). Voyage et idéologie. Les politiques de la mobilité (Orient, Afrique, Asie – XXe siècle). Editions du Bourg, Montrouge, 2022, ISBN : 978-2-490650-23-1. Margarita Alfaro, Vassiliki Lalagianni et Ourania Polycandrioti (dir.). Mobility policies (Orient, Africa, Asia – XX century). Editions du Bourg, Montrouge, 2022, ISBN : 978-2-490650-23-1

Zbornik o Ljubomiru Marakoviću. Zbornik radova sa znanstvenoga skupa, Zagreb-Topusko, 25-26. travnja 2019.

Author(s): Andrea Sapunar Knežević / Language(s): English Issue: 64/2021

Review of: Zbornik o Ljubomiru Marakoviću. Zbornik radova sa znanstvenoga skupa, Zagreb-Topusko, 25-26. travnja 2019. Glavni urednik Tihomil Maštrović. Fakultet hrvatskih studija Sveučilišta u Zagrebu et al., Zagreb 2020, 609 pp.

FOLKLORE AND MORALS

Author(s): Nicoleta Flavia Cionte (Dan) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2020

Folklore includes all artistic, literary, musical, plastic creations, belonging to the spiritual culture, customs, popular traditions of a country. Popular literature or literary folklore includes oral, anonymous, collective, popular and syncretic artistic creations. It is a narrower field of values in constant motion, like the whole complex of popular culture, given the need for continuous adaptation to the ever new requirements of the peoples who created and preserved them. Children's folklore is a syncretic phenomenon, combining text, melody, gesture, movement, play, has a collective accent. The individual moral consciousness is the result of the accumulations of experience in the hypostasis of permanent subject of some moral facts, as well as of the constituted actions that are executed in the name of the social morality.

МІНІАТЮРА ЯК ОБРАЗОТВОРЧА ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ ТЕКСТУ

Author(s): Olena Chumachenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2023

The purpose of the article is to consider the miniature as a pictorial interpretation of the text, as one of the elements of «entertainment» in the context of the development of medieval culture. The research methodology. An analytical method is used to collect theoretical material about the miniatures of the Mirovingian period (V–VII centuries), on the example of the Sacramentarium Gelasianum and Gellon Sacramentarium; the miniatures from the times of the Carolingian revival of the VIII-IX centuries, («Gospel of Godescalk», «Gospel of Ada», «Gospel from the monastery of St. Medard in Soissons»). A historical and cultural method is applied to analyse the role of the miniature in the socio-cultural life of Medieval Europe as one of the elements of ceremonial and ritual «entertainment». An art historical method that involves a detailed examination and description of a medieval book miniature, and a theoretical method are used to summarise the findings. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the miniatures are considered as a pictorial interpretation of the text in the context of the development of the medieval culture, as a sensual form of knowledge of an ideal model, and one of the elements of the personification of ritualistic "entertainment" in the socio-cultural life of this historical period. Conclusions. The article examines the miniature as a visual interpretation of the text in the context of the development of the culture of the Middle Ages. It has been proven that since ancient times the miniature, on the example of the "Ambrosian Iliad", was the personification of ceremonial and ritual, and partly artistic "entertainment", which made it possible to outline the miniature as a pictorial component of this phenomenon, as well as a pictorial interpretation of the handwritten text which reflects the most current events of this historical era. The brightest examples of the miniatures in the early Christian tradition of Western Europe, which are presented in the Merovingian manuscripts of the V-VIII centuries, are considered using the example of the Sacramentarium Gelasianum and Gellon Sacramentarium. Graphic miniature decoration becomes not just a pictorial interpretation of the text, but turns into an element of worship. There are many images of birds, fish, animals, and plant ornaments, the emphasis is on red, yellow, and green. Great attention is paid to the decorative design of the capital letters of the sections, they become special symbolic signs that are even attributed with magical meaning. The miniature begins to act as a sensual form of knowledge of the ideal model, which is available to the chosen ones. This tradition continues on the example of Carolingian manuscripts, the miniatures «Source of Life» («Gospel of Godescalcus»), «Adoration of the Lamb» and «Source of Life» («Gospel from the Monastery of St. Medard in Soissons») are symbolic, personifying the theocentric worldview, that the Gospel is the source of eternal life.

Unwillingly Orientalist: Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s Travel Diary to Burma as an Example of an Unusual Postcolonial Eastern European Account

Author(s): Michał Lubina,Magdalena Kozłowska / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2023

This article explores Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s largely forgotten travel diary “A Journey to Burma.” It argues that the strategy Herling-Grudziński employed to describe the postcolonial world was a unique one. It did not belong to the “socialist postcolonialism” narrative, nor was it a part of Western orientalist discourse. HerlingGrudziński’s Eastern European past and identity deeply influenced his account. Despite some simplification, he was able to summarize Burmese reality surprisingly accurately. The article claims that Herling-Grudziński’s travelogue represents a new angle to the narrative of the relations between Eastern European people of letters and inhabitants of colonized countries.

„Бъдещето принадлежи на фантомите“

Author(s): Yves Hersant / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2002

MICHEL ESPAGNE, L’ambre et le fossile. Transferts germano-russes dans les sciences humaines, XIXe–XXe siècles

Author(s): Stéphanie Cirac / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2015

Review of: MICHEL ESPAGNE, L’ambre et le fossile. Transferts germano-russes dans les sciences humaines, XIXe–XXe siècles, Paris 2014, Armand Colin, 296 s., ISBN 978-2-200-29519-6.

NARCYSTYCZNA CIĘŻKOŚĆ ŻYCIA I „NIEZNOŚNA LEKKOŚĆ BYTU”1 W ASPEKCIE PEDAGOGIKI WSPÓŁCZESNEJ MŁODZIEŻY

Author(s): Mirosława Ściupider-Młodkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 64/2022

The article aims to indicate the contradiction of lightness and heaviness that permeates the culture of narcissism and tangibly affects the lives of young people, becoming problematic for future generations. Questions: Does cultural narcissism determine contemporary young people’s attitudes full of contradictions, the antinomy of lightness and heaviness? If so, how does narcissism affect the understanding of community and relationships? The meeting places and relational spaces of young people, mediated by the media, spread the virus of adoration, self-admiration and privilege; this is a direct result of cultural narcissism. I observe this and many other determinants of dissociation resulting from the influence of the culture of egoism in the self-destructive attitudes and choices constructed by young people. Self-indulgence and adoration very often lead to a sense of emptiness, little worth and loneliness. This article will defend theses on visible dissociation in selected areas of youth’s existence. I will refer to the analyses of interviews with selected students conducted within the pilot research project on “Ego Addicts”. The background for the considerations is also examples from the life of characters from the prose of Milan Kundera; inspirational, they are both unbearably light and heavy. The narcissistic lightness of being can become a direction indicator for educators in diagnosing the heaviness, i.e. low value and loneliness and other dilemmas of youth.

Report from the 36th Istanbul International Conference on Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences 11-13.05.2022 in Istanbul, Turkey

Author(s): Jakub Adamczewski / Language(s): English Issue: 64/2022

Another edition of the annual Istanbul International Conference on Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences was held from the 11th to the 13th of May 2022 in Istanbul. This year’s motive for the conference was the meaning of innovative research in terms of multidisciplinary science. The event was organised by the Dignified Researchers in Humanities and Social Sciences Institute in central Istanbul – the organisation that aims to gather young scientists from over 10 universities across the globe to share their research findings and experience.