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Duchowość w ujęciu Janusza Korczaka i Viktora Frankla Płaszczyzny spotkania

Author(s): Natalia Dudek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2022

Prayer seems to have various functions in human life. In this paper,it has been presented as a verbal manifestation of spirituality, as a toolfor elaborating experience, for giving it meaning and finally as an immanentexpression of humanity. I consider this work as a place of creative meeting oftwo ideas, whose authors are Janusz Korczak and Viktor E. Frankl. It is a timidattempt to look at one author through the eyes of the other. The aim of thisarticle is to explore the mental representations of God as created in the mindsof the subjects who speak in Korczak’s work Sam na sam z Bogiem and, on thisbasis, to attempt to determine the function that prayer plays for them. It alsolooks at the notion of humanity and the role that spirituality, broadly defined,plays in its constitution.

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The New Opportunities in Korczakian Documentary Research, Love and Friendship among Pupils in the Orphans’ Home

Author(s): Wojciech Lasota / Language(s): English Issue: 59/2022

The main aim of this article is to show an example of the new opportunitiesin Korczakian research. They have arisen due to the developmentof digital history and recently donated or hitherto unused archival resources.The article also adopts the perspective of deepening the knowledge of thoseaspects of the Korczak research field that is not directly related to Janusz Korczak,his biography and pedagogy. I consider it important to explore the topicsand biographies of people around Korczak, not only Stefania Wilczyńska, butalso children, educators or staff. The more complete the picture of Korczak’suniverse, the better we will understand the multidirectional influences andconnections between individuals and topics.My ambition was also to introduce non-Polish-speaking researchers to Korczaksource materials that are rarely translated from Polish. My preliminaryresearch, based on almost unknown sources from the archives of LohameiHa’Getaot in Israel (Ghetto Fighters’ House Archives), served as an example ofhow to take advantage of new opportunities. I adopted a microhistorical approachand analyzed personal documents, primarily letters of the pupils ofthe Orphans’ Home from 1938/1939–1941. The content of the sources made itpossible to look at love and friendship relationships among the teenagers inthe Orphans’ Home. I also discuss the topics of love and friendship in the pedagogicalcontext of Janusz Korczak’s approach.Their intimate stories complement the knowledge of the history and functioningof the Orphans’ Home that we get from Korczak’s writings, Wilczyńska’s texts and other documents. In turn, the intrapersonal and interpersonalskills that can be captured in the sources I examined allow us to assume thatalso in the aspect of love and friendship relations, we can capture the positiveimpact of the Orphans’ Home on its pupils.

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Ideowe i edukacyjne aspekty budowania ukraińskiej niepodległości w XIX wieku

Author(s): Karol Kowacki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2022

The article focuses on the ideological and educational aspects of selected Ukrainian-centric thinkers and activists. Without the ideological and educational activities of this small group of the emerging Ukrainian intelligentsia, the million ethnic Ukrainian masses would have been absorbed into the Polish or Russian nationality project. The text presents the basic ideological principles that are the basis for shaping national consciousness and describes adverse historical conditions causing difficulties in shaping the Ukrainian idea of independence. The implementation of Ukrainian-centric ideas is shown on the example of selected organizations and representatives of Ukrainian culture, such as The Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Hromada, Stara Hromada, Panteleimon Kulish, Mykola Kostomarov, Volodymyr Antonovych, Mykhailo Drahomanov. The aim of the article is to present the importance of education in the process of formation of national consciousness.

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Monika Humeniuk: O potrzebie od-uczania (się) i edukacji ku życiu – refleksje wokół książki Tadeusza Sławka A jeśli nie trzeba się uczyć… [rec. T. Sławek: A jeśli nie trzeba się uczyć…]

Author(s): Monika Humeniuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2022

The book A jeśli nie trzeba się uczyć… [If Learning Were Not What WeThink It Is] by Tadeusz Sławek is a rich laboratory of (not exclusively) pedagogicalimpulses. The study in question goes beyond the artificial boundariesof disciplines of pedagogy, philosophy, history, social sciences, science, bio andneuroscience. This work includes a living, organic and pulsating thought opposingthe routine of life affirming its spontaneity. Written into the polyphonyof reflections and resounding like a refrain, the formula of un-learning createsa specific performative effect, i.e. the emerging threads of topics or associationsharmonize or collide with each other, clash or attract each other, withoutleaving the readers even for a moment in the lethargy of a lukewarm passivereading. The article itself constitutes a presentation of several “opportunities”for thinking created by Tadeusz Sławek.

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Nieoczywiste dziedzictwo romantyzmu?

Author(s): Suzana Coha,Anna Gawarecka,Krystyna Pieniążek-Marković / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2023

Z okazji dwusetnej rocznicy ukazania się na rynku księgarskim Ballad i romansów Adama Mickiewicza Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej ogłosił rok 2022 Rokiem Romantyzmu. Decyzja ta zainspirowała różnorodne środowiska do podejmowania licznych, artystycznych i naukowych, inicjatyw upamiętniających epokę, która w dziejach rodzimej kultury odegrała rolę kluczową, przyczyniając się zarówno do wypracowania zrębów wspólnotowej tożsamości i pamięci, jak i do ukształtowania się wyobrażeń na temat aktualności romantycznego kanonu literatury i sztuki. Powroty do tego dziedzictwa, nie tylko zresztą bezwarunkowo aprobatywne, stanowią zatem obligatoryjny niemal element polskiej debaty kulturowej, a uczczenie rocznicy wydarzenia, które zwyczajowo uważane jest za początek romantyzmu w Polsce, wydaje się w pełni oczywiste i uzasadnione.

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Dijalog Boga i čovjeka: komunikacija u pjesmi Mojsije Silvija Strahimira Kranjčevića

Author(s): Paula Rem / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 25/2023

Croatian Romanticism uses a multitude of Judeo-Christian motifs. Kranjčević’s Moses enters into a direct dialogue with God, who is not only a distant transcendental authority, but also a concrete being who responds to the people’s cries. When Moses indicates dissatisfaction with his people’s slavery, God reciprocates with both words and actions. The objective of this article is to look at the dialogues between man and God in the poem Moses in order to contribute to the research of the theme of communication between man and God in Croatian romantic poetry. The main subject of the poem is Moses, who is culturally more relevant for Judaism than for Christianity; his contribution in the Bible is connected to the struggle and active liberation from slavery. Unlike Christianity, Judaism affirms a revolutionary Messiah. In this poem, Moses is the prototype of a universal man in search of God, whereas communication is a prerequisite for solving individual and collective problems.

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Rozpaczając jak Skandynawowie – estetyka romantyczna Karin Boye i Marii Pawlikowskiej-Jasnorzewskiej

Author(s): Maria Skoczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2023

In Romantic aesthetics there is an interpretive category of the poetry of the cultures of the North – including the Scandinavians, who were familiar with the “poetry of the night and the graves” – which expressed ferocity, gloom, harshness, melancholy, internal tensions. Maria Janion repeatedly referred to the parallel between Polish and Scandinavian literatures, writing: “It is good that there are despairing Scandinavians in the world.” This article will focus precisely on the aesthetics of Romantic “existential despair” and “gender despair” in the context of the poetry created by a Swedish woman, Karin Boye, and a Polish woman, Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska, with particular emphasis on their last poems, written in the late 1920s and early 1930s. And although they do not create in the Romantic era – they implement Romantic aesthetics in their poetic program.

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Love, Be a Poem. The Rhetoric of Seduction in the Love Poetry of Vesna Parun

Author(s): Tvrtko Vuković / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2023

In the broadest sense, the paper is a discussion of Vesna Parun’s love poetry. The basic idea is that, on the one hand, it adheres to the romantic understanding of literature as a representation of the deepest personal feelings, universal truths, and essential values and, on the other hand, that it acts as a confirmation that the experience of love is fundamentally literary, and that literature is a form of unbridled love for linguistic seduction. For this reason, the author’s love poetry is not approached as a representation of her private life, love feelings, or relationships, but as a complex relationship between figurative language and a romanticized idea of love. In other words, it is interpreted as a discourse or rhetorical event that simultaneously constructs and deconstructs concepts such as authentic experience, sincere sensitivity, primordial love, or stable identity, and provides an opportunity to raise important ethical and political questions in the face of its ambivalence.

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Translator’s Notes in a Russian Translation of Olga Tokarczuk’s Bieguni Novel

Author(s): Mirosława Hordy / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2023

The article addresses the issue of translator’s notes in a Russian translation of Olga Tokarczuk’s “Bieguni” novel by Irina Adelʹgejm. The main text of the original, despite its abundance in borrowings, interjections and quotations in languages other than Polish, was not provided with explanatory notes by the author. The translator, however, provided the translation with 149 notes. They are notes explaining terms, proper names, names of realities and others translated in the main text as well as notes explaining fragments formulated in the novel’s text in languages other than the language of the narration. On the basis of the undertaken analysis it is stated that the strategy of forming paratexts adopted by the translator is inconsistent. The secondary text designates an additional way of reading “Bieguni” novel, but it does not impose it as using the notes is just a possibility and depends on the reader’s choice.

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The Angels are among us. A Study of the Writings of Paulinus of Nola

Author(s): Marcin Wysocki / Language(s): English Issue: 88/2023

Paulinus of Nola (c. 355-431) is undoubtedly one of the most interesting yet least known figures of early Christianity. Born into a wealthy senatorial family from Bordeaux, Paulinus gave up wealth, a career as a civil servant and the practice of secular poetry to follow St. Felix on the path of Christian faith. One of its elements was the belief in the existence of angels. In the case of Paulinus of Nola, this belief took on a very concrete expression. The aim of this article is to show, on the basis of an analysis of the surviving letters and songs, the angelology of St. Paulinus, which took on above all a pastoral aspect and showed very concrete manifestations of the action of angels for the benefit of the human beings.

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Hermetica Berolinensia II-VIII (Papyrus Berolinensis Graeca 17027)

Author(s): Agata Sowińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 88/2023

Po raz pierwszy siedem greckich fragmentów z Papirusu Berlińskiego o numerze 17027 wydała drukiem w 1942 roku Klara Stahlschmidt , wówczas jednakże nie zostały one jeszcze zidentyfikowane jako hermetyczne . W 1943 roku Kurt Aland rozpoznał w jednym fragmencie berlińskim, oznaczanym zazwyczaj w literaturze przedmiotu literą D, niewielki passus pochodzący z CH X. Jednakże dopiero Anna Van den Kerchove zaklasyfikowała w 2006 roku wszystkie fragmenty berlińskie do grupy Hermetica, jednocześnie dokonując ich reedycji . Tym samym potwierdzone zostały paralele występujące między CH X a fragmentami D oraz G. Hermetyczna proweniencja ekscerptów B, C, E wprawdzie nie jest jednoznaczna, aczkolwiek wydaje się stosunkowo prawdopodobna, biorąc pod uwagę wykorzystane w nich słownictwo, niemniej zbieżność tych trzech fragmentów z Hermetica pozostaje nadal w sferze przypuszczeń.

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Styl i stylizacja językowa według Krystyny Pisarkowej

Author(s): Tadeusz Szczerbowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXII/2023

Krystyna Pisarkowa expressed her academic interest in stylistics directly or indirectly in the titles of her numerous publications. Her merit is drawing attention to the treatment of the word style in colloquial language as an evaluating predicate (for example, in great/grand/fine, etc. style). In turn, she called Umberto Eco’s book, “The Name of the Rose”, a novel about the truth of signs. Krystyna Pisarkowa considered deviations from language norms and semantic shifts to be a creative way of searching for truth in signs themselves. Archaisation in Sławomir Mrożek’s work is – in her opinion – “a deliberate anachronism, a dissonance, a deformation of uses and meanings, which exposes untruth, the falsity of characters, the ugliness of banality, the ridiculousness and deadness of a pattern and template.” In her publications, she emphasised that “intention is the core of every act of communication, hence it should be discovered and that suffices.” Krystyna Pisarkowa’s research combines pragmatics with style. Her works are an invaluable lesson in style and interpretation.

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Dialogised heteroglossia and the Japanese-Chinese mixed style of “Kaidōki”

Author(s): Adam Bednarczyk / Language(s): English Issue: XXXII/2023

This paper attempts to analyse the technique of assimilation of classical Chinese writing into the Japanese literary tradition of the early medieval period. The author’s main focus is one of the three styles used by Japanese authors of the time, namely the mixed Japanese-Chinese style (the so-called wakan konkō buntai). It was used in various prose genres, including travel diaries. Referring to the text of Kaidōki (Records of [a journey along] the seacoast road), a Japanese travel account from the early 13th century, the author shows on the selected source material how, in accordance with Bakhtin’s understanding of heteroglossia, a dialogue occurs on the level of Chinese and Japanese writing and how intertextual relations can influence the formation of the style of a literary work. As can be noted, the historical and literary borrowings from the Chinese tradition (the rich Sino-Japanese vocabulary and the prosaised poems originally composed in classical Chinese) enriched the semantic layer of the Japanese text. This was also reflected in the style of the work, which, despite its “crabbedness” and the fact that it was shaped by the experience of borrowed but also native polyphony, seems to be the optimal way to express it.

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Wzorzec gatunkowy pierwszych polskich sprawozdań stenograficznych – na przykładzie Sprawozdań stenograficznych z rozpraw Sejmu Krajowego w Galicji

Author(s): Małgorzata Dawidziak-Kładoczna / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXII/2023

The aim of this paper is to describe the genre pattern of stenographic reports of the meetings of the Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria in session between 1861 and 1914. The Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria is the first parliament in the history of Polish parliamentarism whose sessions were documented in the form of stenographic reports. Therefore, these reports represent the first stage in the study of the genre, hitherto underexplored by philologists but in continuous operation from 1861 to date. The paper draws on an extensive collection of more than 1,000 texts. Research shows that stenographic reports are a highly petrified genre. Its coherent character is determined by the author’s overarching intention, an all-encompassing vision of the world, and an internally ordered structure made up of mostly relatively autonomous elements. The identity of the genre is shaped by the delimiting elements found mainly in the initial and final parts of the corpus. They organise the text, make it easier for the viewer to navigate through it, and mark the boundaries between components. Other types of metatext serve as a complement to speeches and legal documents. The editorial aspect of the reports, which underwent several transformations over more than fifty years of the Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria, is of great value in terms of delimiting and providing information. The conclusions from this paper provide a good basis for describing the changes in stenographic reports and comparing them with the parliamentary diary, a dominant genre used to document parliamentary sessions before 1861.

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Persvazivní prvky v českých nakladatelských anotacích

Author(s): Jiří Jelínek / Language(s): Czech Issue: XXXII/2023

The text aims to analyse how the style of official book summaries seeks to leave a favourable impression on the potential reader and buyer. Summaries made in three eras of the Czech literature have been compared, namely, in the First Czechoslovak Republic (with summaries taken from around 1930), in the communist era (with summaries taken from around 1970), and in the contemporary era (with summaries from 2022). The oldest summaries may seem almost naive in their persuasive strategies, i.e., using unambiguous adjectives, such as “good” or “moving”. The communist era summaries also make use of these laudatory adjectives, sometimes even more evocative, and emphasise them with ostentatiously “objective” statements explaining why the said publication agrees with the socialist worldview. The contemporary strategies are more subtle, and the individual summaries differ strongly, aiming at different groups of potential readers by adjusting their respective styles to the target audience’s tastes.

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Postawy czytelnicze – próba konceptualizacji i ich znaczenie w badaniach edukacyjnych

Author(s): Aleksandra Sobańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2023

The aim of the article is a theoretical reflection on children’s reading attitudes. The research problem consists of the following questions: why research on reading attitudes is important in research on education and the state of research on them. I used a selective analysis of works in the field of sociology and pedagogy. I begin the article by explaining the importance of attitudes in social research and I draw attention to the special situation of pedagogy as a field that studies the attitudes of children and youth. I also try to define a reading attitude and justify why it is important in research on education. As part of the recommendation, I present a short overview of the most important tools for researching reading attitudes. I conclude the article with the conclusion that Polish educational research lacks studies on reading attitudes and I encourage to conduct them.

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KRYMINAŁ DLA ERUDYTÓW. ŁACIŃSKIE CYTATY W POWIEŚCIACH MARKA KRAJEWSKIEGO

Author(s): Magdalena Puda-Blokesz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article is dedicated to discussing Latin insertions in Marek Krajewski’s novels. The introduction presents a rundown of the importance of Latin as a medium for the cultures of antiquity and a language of elites. Then the position of crime stories as a topic for academic research is outlined, and finally the abundance of single- and multi-word Latin quotations (featuring in the eight novels) is presented, as they serve to depict the vernacular of the interwar period, the realities of time and places chosen for the plots, the profiles of characters, evaluation, a feeling of ambivalence, intensified as the main characters are portrayed, and other aims. At the end, the researcher tries to answer the question why Latin ranks so highly in Krajewski’s novels. The reasons include: the author’s aspiration to fit in the genre and culture tendencies (postmodernism), to widen his audience with erudite recipients, to raise the stature of crime as a genre, to reproduce the realities and language of the period faithfully, to pursue an educational and didactic mission, and to create a salient trait of his idiostyle, underpinned by the author’s classical education.

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Mystery, Thriller, Hybrid? The Riddle of the Sands by Erskine Childers in a Transmedial Narratological Perspective

Author(s): Michał Urbanowicz / Language(s): English Issue: XXVI/2024

This narratological study of Erskine Childersʼs The Riddle of the Sands aims to determine whether that early 20th-century crime novel is actually a mystery work, a thriller, or a hybrid. For the purposes of evaluating its generic intricacies and affiliation, a simple yet comprehensive transmedial taxonomy of crime works, directly inspired by Charles Derryʼs film-restricted one, will be proposed. In the course of the analysis, generic links to non-crime genres will also be taken into account. The article expands upon some practical considerations discussed in its authorʼs doctoral thesis.

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Do czego porównać noc lipcową? Na tropie tropów w przekładzie prozy Brunona Schulza na język hiszpański

Author(s): Barbara Galant / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXVI/2024

The aim of this paper is to compare two literary translations of Bruno Schulz’s short story titled Noc lipcowa into European Spanish. The article focuses on the stylistic devices typical of the authorial style, namely metaphors, similes and repetitions, and it intends to verify which translation techniques proposed by Hurtado Albir (2011) are most frequently used. Additionally, it attempts to assess if any semantic or stylistic losses can be observed due to the application of some techniques and given the systemic differences between Polish and Spanish.

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„Das Zittern vor Begierde nach dem Zusammenhang“1. Über Franz Grillparzers Der arme Spielmann und das Gedicht Als sie, zuhörend, am Klaviere saß

Author(s): Kira Kaufmann / Language(s): German Issue: XXVI/2024

The aim of the essay is to bring Grillparzer’s poetry back into academic discussion. Poetological remarks by the author, praxaeological questions and genre-theoretical considerations are brought together in a close reading. It is necessary to examine whether a fundamentally biographically motivated misunderstanding worked to the disadvantage of Grillparzer’s poetry, which has pushed the visibility of social and political relationships in Grillparzer’s oeuvre into the background to this day. In order to provide a counterpoint to this traditional image, an analysis of the poem Als sie, zuhörend, am Klaviere saß (1821) will be used to point out Grillparzer’s sensitivity to the success of interpersonal communication. Excerpts from the Selbstbiographie (1849) and Der arme Spielmann (1848) contextualize the lyrical text. By means of a poetological reading focused on music and poetry, a connection is to be shown that claims programmatic validity for Grillparzer’s understanding of poetry and prose: The so-called ‘struggle for coherence’ / ‘das Ringen um den Zusammenhang’.

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