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Pozitivist Modern Dünya Görüşü ve Kur'ân’ın Genel Kabulleri Bağlamında Başarılı İnsan Portresine Mukayeseli Bir Bakış

Author(s): Fatih Çelikel / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

Success is a positive outcome resulting from an evaluation based on certain criteria. Changes in these criteria will directly affect people’s assessment of success. Today’s world is living in a period dominated by a modern point of view. Therefore, evaluations of human achievement are usually made from this perspective. Since existence is composed of matter in the desecrated perception of the modern period, the first criterion of success is material gains. However, according to the Qur’an’s conception of existence, matter is only one dimension of existence. For this reason, the success criteria of the Qur’an differ from the criteria accepted by modernity, which excludes the sacred and metaphysics. In this case, the issue of what characteristics a successful person should have comes to the fore. In this article, the values of the Qur’an and the successful human profile it draws are examined from a comparative perspective in the context of the worldview of modernity that is based only on matter. This examination will be tried to be made through the equivalents of concepts and values such as freedom, good/right work, success and martyrdom in the Qur’an and positivist modern thought. Detection, analysis and comparison methods are used throughout the study. This study, aims to determine what the success criteria are in the general understanding of modernity and the Qur’an in theory, so that today’s people living in modern times will be able to provide an opportunity to inquire about what understanding and values they have built their lives on.

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Namazda İmama Uyan Kimsenin (Meʹmûmun) Kıraati

Author(s): Adem Yenidoğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

The validity of the prayer which is accepted as the most basic worship of Islam has been tied to a set of rules. These rules which must be followed before and during the prayer are called conditions and pillars in the fiqh language. The recitation performed while standing during the prayer is one of the most significant of these rules and is accepted one of the pillars of the prayer. Therefore, in order for the prayer to be valid, it is required to make enough recitations. If it is not done, the prayer is considered invalid. For this reason, the topic of recitation in prayer has been discussed in detail by the jurists, and different opinions have been submitted what, when and how much to recite. The jurists have suggested three basic views on this issue. Ḥanafīs have stated that a person who follows the imām in prayer should not recite, and they have accepted the recitation of ma’mūm as makruh regardless of whether the recitation is loud or silent. The Shāfiʿīs who uphold the opposite view of the Ḥanafīs have said that the ma’mūm have to recite in all the prayers in which the qirā'āt is loud and silent, and that it is obligatory for the ma’mūm to recite. According to Shāfiʿīs the prayer of a ma’mūm without recitation is not valid. Malikīs and Ḥanbalīs who have explained their opinions by taking into account that the recitation is loud and silent have stated that the ma’mūm should recite during prayers in which the recitation is silent. In the prayers where the recitation is loud the Ḥanbalīs have said that the ma’mūm should recite when the imām takes a break from recitation, while the Malikīs have said that the recitation is not required for the ma’mūm. However the jurists of both sects have not considered that the recitation is obligatory to ma’mūm. And they have acknowledged that the prayer of the ma’mūm was valid even if he has not recite. There is intra-sectarian disagreement in all of these three basic views which are presented as the general opinion of the sects. Although we are talking about the intra-sectarian disagreement, it is understood that the jurists except the Ḥanafīs have determined their views on the recitation of the ma’mūm within the context of whether the ma’mūm hear or do not hear the recitation of the imām. It can be said that this understanding is at the basis of the views put forward by the Shāfiʿīs who take into account that the recitation is loud and silent about the ma’mūm’s recitation of the sūrat after the Fātiḥa. Likewise it is possible to say that this understanding is at the basis of the perceptives brought forward by the Malikī and Ḥanbalī jurists about the prayers in which the recitation is sound. The jurists who expressed different opinions about the recitation of the ma’mūm similarly brought evidence from the Qurʾān, the Sunnah, opinions of the Companions and qiyās to justify their views. Although the jurists have grounded their views on similar evidence, they have reached different conclusions. The reason for this difference it can be shown that the direction of the verse (āyat) to be taken as evidence, their different approaches when evaluating the narrations transmitted from the Prophet (pbuh) and the fact that the arguments of qiyās are different.

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Rasmus Paludan ve Kur’an-ı Kerim’i Yakma Eylemleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Musa Gelici / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

The present study discusses the action of burning the Holy Quran in Malmö, Sweden, by the Danish far-right politician Rasmus Paludan, in more than 300 points in Denmark, Sweden and Norway, especially in terms of evolving into social events that turned into riots and fueled Islamophobic debates. The purpose of the study will be to understand the discussion universe formed by the acceptance of the Swedish State in an Islamophobic and racist act, such as the burning of the holy book by Paludan, with a high incitement and humiliating power. In the present study, which has a qualitative design, books, articles and newspapers on the subject were examined by using the document analysis method. As a result, since the motto of unlimited freedom of expression of the Scandinavian model gives the right to swear at far-right politicians, especially insulting religion, the Muslim society living in Europe has become the target of politicians with a kind of state policy armor, making them increasingly sensitive and vulnerable in the position of hate objects. In this regard, there is a need to redefine where the limits of freedom of thought must end.

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İman ve Küfür Arasında Bir Şahıs: Muattib b. Kuşeyr

Author(s): Öznur Hocaoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

The subject of this article is a person named Muattib b. Kushayr, who lived in the time of the Prophet. Allegations about this person, who was claimed to be a hypocrite (munafiq) because he exhibited some problematic behavior, have been discussed. The fact that Kushayr took part in many historical events and was cited as the reason for the revelation of more than one verse (āyah) made it necessary to evaluate the opinions about him. The study has been conducted with a multidisciplinary approach. By consulting Islamic history, ansāb, tabaqāt, tafsir and hadith sources, narrations providing information about Muattib b. Kushayr were put forward. These (narrations) were analyzed taking into account chronology. In the paper, first, his words and attitudes were analyzed within the framework of the events in which he took part and the verses revealed about him, under the title of "Events That Show That Muattib b. Kushayr was a Hypocrite". Thus, after obtaining holistic information about his personality, the opinion that Muattib was not a hypocrite was evaluated. After that, the conclusion was reached by examining the claim that Muattib was first a hypocrite and then repented.

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Tefsir Mukaddimelerinde Mushaf Tarihi Olgusu

Author(s): Fatih Cankurt / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

The history of the mushaf, which began with the collection of the verses of the Qur'an in the era of Hazrat Abu Bakr, holds a significant place in terms of the science of qiraat and the methodology of tafsir. It is not possible to say that the subject, which is the focus of Western researchers especially to prove their thesis that the Qur’an is the human word, is popular in our country. At this point, in this study prepared with the aim of contributing to the field, tafsir introductions and mushaf history issues were examined. Many of the tafsir works provide valuable information about the history of the mushaf. In this direction, one of the important works of tafsir, Garāib al-Qur'ān, Tafsīr alKhāzin, Jawāhir al-ḥisān, Fath al-rahmān Rūh al-meānī, Tafsīr al-Marāgī and Tafsīr al-hadīs were analyzed. They constitute the basis of our research because they contain rich information about its history and have not yet been examined in this respect. In this regard, the introductions of the aforementioned commentary works are examined under headings created according to the subjects. First of all, the issue of turning the Qur’anic verses into mushafs during the period of Hazrat Abu Bakr is discussed, and then the principles observed in the mushaf copying activity in the Hazrat Osman period, how many companions were in the commission, the number of mushafs that were copied and sent to the leading towns of the period, and who made the surah arrangement in the mushafs are examined. In addition, information shared about the official mushaf rules and whether these rules must be taken as a basis in the writing of the mushafs is included. Finally, within the context of personal companions’ mushafs, the study delves into the claims, accusations, and debates surrounding the mushafs with Hazrat Osman.

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Mâtürîdî’nin Tefsir-Te’vil Ayrımında Dayanak Kabul Ettiği Rivayet Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Şeyma Altay / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

This study focuses on the narration, "Whoever makes a tafsīr the Qur'an according to his own opinion, let him prepare his place in Hell," which Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī (d. 333/944) considered as a basis while defining the terms tafsīr and tawīl in the introduction of his work titled "Ta'wilatu'lQur'an." Various scholarly studies have examined al-Māturīdī's distinction between the terms tafsīr and tawīl from both theoretical and practical perspectives. However, it has not been examined in terms of the narration, authenticity status, and its impact on subsequent works when explaining the difference between these words, while making a choice among the various wordings and containing the verb "َّسر َ ف". In this study, initially, an investigation of how the terms tafsīr and tawīl were used in dictionaries, ḥadīth literature, and exegesis works before al-Māturīdī’s time a diachronic reading was conducted to comprehend the intellectual background that led al-Māturīdī to distinguish between them. Explanations and narrations related to these words found in dictionaries and exegesis works after al-Māturīdī were excluded from the scope of the study. Subsequently, other narration variants distinct from the one al-Māturīdī utilized in his argumentation, which prohibited making interpretations about the Qur'an through personal opinion and which differed from al-Māturīdī’s preferred variant, were examined. The study also presents the approach of early Islamic scholars to this issue. Finally, al-Māturīdī's interpretation, defined as "the only and definitive explanation made with Allah as a witness regarding the verses," and his preference for the variant of the narration, "Whoever makes a tafsīr the Qur'an according to his own opinion, let him prepare his place in Hell," are analyzed in terms of their authenticity, their impact on Islamic sciences, and the possible reasons behind al-Māturīdī's choice of this particular variant.

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Hz. Peygamber’e Yönelik “Mecnûn” İthâmının Câhiliye Dilinde Mânâsı

Author(s): Zeynep Canan Koçak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

While the Prophet's articulation of the message of tawhid resulted in the clustering of his followers around him, it also led to reactions from the majority of his interlocutors. At first, he was tried to be discouraged by not taking his message seriously or by humiliating him, and when it was seen that his followers increased over time, he was tried to be prevented by harsher methods. The polytheists claimed that the Prophet was a magician who spoke incantations from his mouth, a liar who reported news he had learned from others as if it had been revealed to him, and a person who made statements contrary to the religion of ancestors because he had lost his sanity and needed to be treated. In this context, this article deals with the slander of the polytheists that the Prophet was a "majnun" and tries to understand what they meant by this claim. When the translations of the Qur'anic verses that remind us of the allegations of the polytheists are taken into consideration, it is seen that most of the translations give the word "majnun" the meaning of "madness". When we examine the meaning attributed to the expression by the Jahiliyyah Arabs, the word takes on a completely different meaning, and it is understood that the polytheists meant that the word revealed to the Prophet was taught to him not by Allah but by the jinn whom he had befriended.

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Tarihî Şartlar Özelinde Beyan Edilen İctihadların İfta Kaynağı Olarak Kullanması Problemi

Author(s): Ahmet Özdemir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

Ijtihad is the mujtahid's putting forward all his efforts on a fiqh issue within the framework of methodological principles. Fatwa, on the other hand, are the explanations made regarding the questions asked in fiqh issues. Therefore, although there are similarities between fatwa and ijtihad in terms of declaring a fiqh knowledge, there are also some differences that distinguish both scientific activities from each other. Because of this difference, not every ijtihad qualifies as a fatwa that a Muslim can apply in his life. A jurist who does not have the qualifications for ijtihad has to pay attention to when giving a fatwa by making use of the classical period ijtihad. The most important thing to consider when benefiting from the ijtihads that have been put forward is to correctly distinguish between the ijtihads that are historical and those that will always be used. In the fiqh books, there are many issues that can be described as historical ijtihad, in the context of their own time and conditions. Since it is not possible to present all such ijtihads within the framework of an article, in this study, the subject is discussed within the framework of ijtihads selected from fiqh books. From international relations to family law, there are many historically qualified ijtihads in the fields of fiqh, especially in the field of transactions. Today, international relations are quite different. It is of great importance to redefine the world and present fiqh rules accordingly. In the changing social structure, a new perspective is needed in the determination of the muruet. In the process of women's social position and participation in social life, great changes have been experienced all over the world and women have started to take part in many areas of life. In terms of the minimum age limit for marriage, it has become natural to marry at an older age than in the past. It has become almost impossible to act with the approach that those who have the same belief will obtain citizenship without other terms and conditions. It has become necessary to consider the views of jurists regarding the rights of non-Muslim citizens from a new perspective in the globalizing world structure. The implementation of views that give authority to private property owners regarding mineral ownership may be harmful to the security of the state and the public interest. There has been a need to look again at the legal provisions regarding the treasures under the ground in terms of public interest. In the article, it is stated why the ijtihads on the aforementioned issues have a historical character and in which framework the issue should be handled today.

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Ateistlerin Siyer’in Mekke Dönemine Bakışı Üzerine Bazı Değerlendirmeler

Author(s): Ramazan Topal / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

Atheism, which does not accept belief in God, criticizes all religions that include this belief. Especially modern period atheism tries to make many of its criticisms in the name of scientific and tries to spread its ideas with this method. The same method is followed in our country. Atheism is tried to be spread through publications such as many websites, social media accounts, articles, journals and books. The religion on which atheists focus their activities in our country and make various criticisms is naturally Islam. Atheists try to use science and highlight freedom of thought while voicing their claims against Islam, which the majority of the society believes in, since atheism does not have a serious equivalent in Turkish society. Criticisms of atheism regarding religion in our country are gathered in the center of Islam, Hz. Muhammad and Quran. Especially It is claimed that Hz. Muhammad never lived, therefore it is impossible to talk about an Islam and the Quran that he preached, and that the Umayyads, who became a great empire, invented Islam and Quran in their current sense in order to ensure the continuity of the state. Atheists relate these and similar claims to some parts of the Prophet's life. Therefore, there are many claims about Sîrah and they need to be examined. Until today, no Turkish study in the field of Sîrah has been determined regarding these claims made about the life of the Prophet. In this study, in order to fill the mentioned gap in the field, firstly, some claims of atheists regarding Mecca period were determined; These claims were classified according to their subjects and evaluated in terms of sîrah. Atheists, who attach importance to freedom of belief and thought and express these frequently, when turn into their ideas about Islam and Muslims from thought to action, writing, etc.; It has been observed that these sensitivities have disappeared. Specific to the period examined, it has been determined that atheists aimed to reject the Prophet and Islam completely and shaped his writings accordingly, and often did not include important details about the subjects on which they made claims. In addition, there is a lack of scientific literature and information; It is seen that many topics are distorted from their main media.

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Beyʿu’l-Vefânın Hukuki Niteliği Hakkındaki Görüşlerin Hanefî Fetvâ Literatüründeki Kronolojik Gelişimi -4./10-6./12. Yüzyıllar-

Author(s): Okan Kadir Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

Bayʿ al-wafā is a fatwa issue (waqıʿat/nawazil) in the form of a legal solution (hīla al-sharʿiyyah), the legal nature of which was intensely debated by Central Asian Hanafi jurists. This contract appears to be a practice by which Muslim communities living in Central Asia, particularly in Bukhara and Samarkand, were able to conduct their debt relations without involving interest. The initial assessments regarding the legal nature of bayʿ al-wafā, for which there is no transmission from the founding imams, emerged in the fatwas of Central Asian Hanafi scholars in the 4th/10th century. Subsequently, from this century, when the first examples of fatwa literature were penned, to the 6th/12th century, when the most advanced and influential examples were produced, there were many different opinions on the legal nature of this contract according to the Hanafī doctrine. In this study, based on the fatwa literature that emerged between these centuries, the chronological development of opinions on the legal nature of the bayʿ al-wafâ contract has been examined. Furthermore, this study also addresses the fundamental trends that have led to different assessments on the subject and identifies the subordinate and opposing views concerning it.

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Corc Tarâbîşî’nin Şâfiî’nin Hadislere Yaklaşımına Getirdiği Tenkitler ve Bu Tenkitlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Tahsin Kazan,Şenol Çakmak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2024

In the Muslim conception of religion, hadiths are considered as the second source after the Ḳurʾān. In the minds of those who believe in the Ḳurʾān, there is no hesitation about the authenticity of this divine book since it has come to us through tawātur. As for the hadiths, since their relation to the Prophet is determined by the method of isnād, criticisms are mostly concentrated at this point. Muslim scholars resorted to the science of al-Djarḥ wa’l-taʿdīl to solve the problem of the attribution of hadiths to Prophet Muhammad. There are criticisms directed towards hadiths and scholars who played significant roles in the formation of the Islamic schools of thought by non-Muslim schloars living in Islamic regions as well. George Tarabishi, a Syrian writer and translator, is a scholar who has written numerous works on Islam and the Arab civilization shaped by Islam. This study focuses on his criticisms of alShāfiʿī’s understanding of hadith in his work, From the Islam of the Qur’an to the Islam of Hadith. Tarabishi’s criticisms against al-Shāfiʿī in his work were identified through document analysis technique and examined through the descriptive method.

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Modern Tefsirde Ahlâk Meselesi - İbn Âşûr Örneği

Author(s): Gülnur Külünkoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

The issue of morality in Islamic thought has been discussed in many branches of disciplines with its various dimensions. The fact that the Qur'an, which is the main source of Islam, includes morality as a subject and aim has a great share in the favor shown to the subject of morality. Morality, which is primarily one of the subjects of the Quran, is among the purposes of the Quran for the betterment of human beings. With the modernization, as in many other fields, a moral vacuum has emerged with the loss of the value of the constants. For this reason, the emphasis on Islamic morality has increased and the works on this subject have increased. Especially the ıslah movements see the solution of the problems that arise in the modern period as possible with both moral and political reform. This study deals with Ibn Ashur's approach to verses that contain moral aspects. Ibn Âşûr, one of the most important commentators of the modern period, stands out among his contemporaries with his contribution to the issue of maqasid and the idea of ıslah and his ideas are mostly studied in the field of law. It is seen that there is not enough work on the moral approach of the interpreter that forms the basis of law. The aim of the study is to clarify the relationship between the concepts of reason, ftra, ıslah and corruption with morality through the commentator's approach to verses with moral content. In the final analysis, it is seen that the commentator's views on morality are not independent of the idea of ıslah, and the gradualism of the commentator's idea of ıslah, which spreads from the individual to the society, is reflected in his interpretation of moral. Ibn Ashur drew attention to the functionality of universal principles in his comments on morality. In this context, in her thought, kullî principles such as justice and ihsân are included under the basic principle of being moral. Cuz’î moral principles are interpreted under kullî principles. In the study, the commentator's comments within the scope of the relevant verses were determined, the obtained data were analyzed and the commentator's approach to the issue of morality was revealed. His views on the guidance of kullî principles and his hierarchical approach to morality was analyzed within the framework of the infaq example.

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İmam Mâtürîdî’nin Şiîlik Eleştirisi: Bedâ Düşüncesi Örneği

Author(s): Yusuf Koçak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

The concept of Badā, meaning that an event predicted by Allah will occur in a certain way and then occur in another way, is one of the most controversial topics among the religious sects of Islam. Our study focuses on Imam Māturīdī's approach to the verses he interpreted while attempting to establish the belief in Badā held by the Shiites. Our aim is to bring forth what method Imam Maturidi used to interpret the relevant verses and how he rejected the method used by the Shiites in interpreting the Badā verses. The views of Imam Māturīdī, a scholar of the Ahl al-Sunnah, on this understanding, which is one of the characteristic features of the Shiites, are very important for the History of Islamic Sects discipline. We can see the reflections of Badā concept understanding in Imam Mâtürîdî in the Tafsir book he wrote. For this reason, our study is framed within the framework of Imam Mâtürîdî's work Teʾvîlâtü'l-Ḳurʾân. While Imam Mâtürîdî highlights his own ideas in Teʾvîlâtü'l-Ḳurʾân, he also addresses the concepts of other sects from time to time. In this sense, one of the topics he deals with is understanding of Badā. In his commentary he clearly rejects the Shiite understanding of Badā. He did not adopt the way of interpreting the verses to support the Shia belief in Badā, but interpreted the relevant verses in a completely deferent way. In doing so, he showed that he thought differently than the Shiites.

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Kur’an’ın Ahlâkî Tekâmül Yöntemi

Author(s): Hasan Keskin,Muhammet Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

Our study examines the ethical development method of the Qur'an, analyzing the principles of Quranic ethics and the strategies it employs in instilling these principles in individuals. This article delves into the ethical purpose of the Qur'an to rejuvenate the deteriorated moral structure over time with its universal characteristics. Simultaneously, it aims to enlighten the impact of the Quranic ethical development method on human maturation by analyzing the ethical principles in the Quran. Furthermore, it aims to elucidate the role of these principles in individual character development and the establishment of societal ethics. The article adopts a methodology, including literature review, examination of relevant verses, and analysis of commentaries, to analyze the Qur'an's methodology. Thus the article presents the Quranic strategy, revealing an approach that unfolds the moral development in human behavior. Throughout this process, it observes the Quran's roadmap to guide individuals towards ethical maturity step-by-step. The study identifies that the Quran employs a gradual change strategy, introducing concepts of good and evil, motivation, and exemplification to achieve the societal development. It is noted that the Quran effectively utilizes methods such as dispelling despair, encouraging forgiveness, motivating through belief in the afterlife, and instilling good morals. The Quran is found to lay the conceptual groundwork with a gradual method leading to the desired virtuous ethics. In conclusion, based on the transformative impact it has on individuals, this research reveals that the Qur'an aspires to elevate moral values not only in the past but in every era, aiming to create an ideal society.

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Arap Dilinde ve Kur’ân’da Deyimlerin Etkisi

Author(s): Zaid Al-Badaren,Muhammet Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

Idioms are a collection of literary and eloquent phrases that briefly express lines of information. It is frequently used in every language to express the meaning to be given in a short and striking way. Idioms, which are also used frequently in Arabic language in written texts/acquis and daily life, represent an important part of language utilization. Idioms also have an important place in understanding the Qur'an. These short expressions, with their impressive meanings, leave deep traces in the emotional world by penetrating the soul of the person and have a life-facilitating function. Idioms are one of the main sources that give information about the culture of societies. Because idioms bring the meaning to be given closer to the mind and ensure that it has a solid establishment. It is a fact that religious, literary, political, cultural, psychological, educational/instructive, communicative and mental factors have effects the formation of idioms. The fact that the idioms, which are a means of example and a tool in daily life, are the sources that were consulted in the formation process of the rules of the Arabic language, is another issue that increases its importance in terms of linguistics. The subject of idioms, which deserves a voluminous study, has been examined in the context of understanding the Qur'an in this article. The relationship of idioms with Arabic poetry, their contribution to the understanding of the Qur'an, their role and importance are the main subjects of our study.

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Dilbilgisinin Rivayet Lafızları Arasında Tercihe Etkisi: Dilci Şârih Tûribiştî Örneğinde Bir İnceleme

Author(s): Zahir Aslan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2024

In the process of formation of language rules, reaching a certain standard has emerged as a result of an extended period. There is a consensus among linguists regarding the Qur’an and classical poetry being regarded as determining rules in istishhād. However, when it comes to istishhād with hadiths, various opinions and disagreements arise. Narration with meaning, narrators not having a gift for gab in a sanad and factors such as copying errors can be cited among the main reasons of this disagreement. On the other hand, the commentaries, whose main purpose is to understand the Hadith, also included linguistic analyses and many other topics. Examining the commentaries of Hadith, which involve a thorough linguistic analysis, from a linguistic perspective, will make a significant contribution to understanding the narratives. In the commentary written by al-Ṭūribishtī, entitled al-Muyesser fī Sharh al-Masābīhi al-Sunnah, he analyses the texts of the narrations in al-Masābih al-Sunnah like a linguist, makes comparisons and gives detailed explanations. This study examines also how al-Ṭūribishtī analyzes, understands, and interprets words or sentences in narratives. In addition, the effect of the evaluations on the narratives preference analyzed. The author he has made an important contribution with his knowledge of grammar and hadith. The author, employing a muḥaqqiq method in linguistic text analysis, predominantly prioritizes narration to prefer narrative expressions.

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Kurtubî Tefsirinde Mâverdî Kaynaklı Bilgi Malzemesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Hasan Kılıç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2024

Qurțubī's tafsīr work "al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān" has a structure that combines the characteristics of narration and dirayah method. In his commentary, al-Qurțubī, who quoted extensively from the Prophet's hadiths and from the generation of the Companions and tabiîn, also referred to various sources in the interpretation and explanation of the verses. Māwardī's commentary "al-Nuqaț wa'l-ʿuyūn" is one of these sources. For al-Qurțubī, this work is of great importance both in terms of supplying the news of the salaf and in terms of the interpretations and evaluations made about them. This is because al-Qurțubī not only narrates the narrative material from al-Māwardī, but also interprets it and clearly states his choice and preference between the narrations. In addition, some of al-Qurțubī's evaluations are directed towards the information and thoughts expressed by al-Māwardī in the context of interpreting the verses. Qurțubī makes use of this information and opinions put forward by al-Māwardī in the context of explaining the verses in order to justify his own interpretations and preferences, to make inferences in various fields of religion, and sometimes to reject them. Since al-Māwardī's information material is one of the most important sources that al-Qurțubī consulted, this study will examine the interpretations and views of the two commentators in a comparative manner. Analyzing the subject within the framework of al-Qurțubī's tafsīr will allow us to have a certain opinion about the consistency and originality of his method of interpreting the verses.

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Türkiye’de Yapılan Metin Tenkidi Araştırmaları Kaynakçası ve Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Mehmet Ali Çalgan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2024

The subject of content criticism in ḥadīth remains current and academic studies in this field are increasing rapidly in our country and in the Islamic world. Therefore it is becoming difficult to follow these studies. The purpose of this article is to present a list of academic articles, theses and books prepared so far in the field of content criticism in ḥadīth in Turkey and to make a general evaluation. According to our determination, a total of 341 studies have been conducted on content criticism, 194 of which are articles, 35 doctoral theses, 52 master's theses and 60 books. In our study, these works have been classified under the following main headings at the primary level: Contemporary Content Criticisms, General and Theoretical Issues, Criteria of Content Criticism, Content Criticism Practice of Ḥadīths in the Past, Premises of Content Criticism, Problems of Content Criticism, Transmitter Interventions, Other Topics Related to Content Criticism. When we look at the distribution of content criticism studies according to these main headings, it is seen that the most studies are under the title of “Contemporary Content Criticisms”. In our opinion, according to this distribution some issues that deserve more priority have been less studied. This is because, conducting content criticism without preparing a strong theoretical and methodological basis by conducting sufficient research on issues such as transmitter interventions, problems, premises, criteria and general nature of content criticism will make it difficult to obtain accurate results.

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Muhammed el-Yedâlî’nin ez-Zehebu’l-İbrîz fi Tefsir-i Kitâbillâhi’l-Azîz Adlı Eserinde Ulûmü’l-Kur’an

Author(s): Eyyüp Genç,İbrahim Görener / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 34/2024

The study of the history of tafsir is not merely a historical account of the lives of mufassirs. It encompasses a variety of informative insights such as the methodologies employed, the nuances among these methods, the preferences of mufassirs in utilizing these methodologies, the progress or regression of tafsir in different geographical regions, and the reasons behind these developments. This article is a study focused on the inclusion of Muhammad Said al-Yadali within the history of tafsir. Al-Yadali was a scholar from the Qibla region of Mauritania in the late 17th century, who was well-versed in the disciplines of tasawwuf, tafsir, fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), usul (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), and seerah (the life of the Prophet Muhammad). His work, "az-Zahabu'l-Ibriz fi Tafsiri Kitabillahi'lAziz," holds the distinction of being the first tafsir written in Mauritania. Early works have both advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of his study lies in its originality for the region, setting a precedent for future scholars to follow. Al-Yadali pioneered the field of tafsir in his locality. The disadvantage, however, is the absence of prior tafsir works in the area, which limits the critical perspectives. AlYadali’s tafsir not only features ishari (allegorical) interpretations but also includes methods from both riwayat (narrative) and dirayat (reasoning) approaches. The work frequently references Ulum al-Qur'an (Sciences of the Qur'an). In the study, aspects of the Qur'anic sciences, especially i'jaz al-Qur'an (the inimitability of the Qur'an), asbab al-nuzul (occasions of revelation), and nasikh wa mansukh (abrogation) are notably emphasized. According to Yadali’s preference, asbab al-nuzul should be used, but the narrations pertaining to the reasons for revelations must be critically evaluated. The knowledge of nasikh wa mansukh (abrogating and abrogated verses) is considered essential in tafsir and must be utilized. The mufassir strongly criticizes those who deny the presence of abrogation in the Qur'an. The issue of i'jaz al-Qur'an is specific to the literary style of the Qur'an. The miraculous nature of the Qur'an is understood when the eloquence becomes apparent through the degradation caused by the alteration of any of its words. When possible, Yadali groups ayahs in sets of five for commentary. His tafsir methodology begins with a lexical analysis of words, followed by references to hadith, extensive use of Arabic poetry, and employing the sciences of rhetoric—ma'ani (meaning), bayan (exposition), and badi' (rhetorical embellishments). He also mentions opinions that he believes to be right or wrong and includes discussions on both fiqh and aqidah (creed) topics extensively in his tafsir. Being the first tafsir written in Mauritania, Yadali diligently employs the most prominent sources and methods of tafsir scholarship in his work.

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Kur’an’da İzzet Kavramının Anlam Derinlikleri ve Bağlamsal Kullanımları

Author(s): Ömer Okuyucu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 35/2024

The concept of izzet in the Qur'an is addressed in both positive and negative contexts, encompassing two main meanings. The first refers to the exalted and true izzet attributed to Allah, His Messenger, and the believers; the second refers to the condemned false izzet associated with disbelievers, hypocrites, and polytheists. The term izzet appears in eleven instances in the Qur'an and, including its related verbal and nominal forms, occurs in a total of 110 verses. Among these, the attribute "Aziz" is mentioned in 99 verses, denoting Allah’s majesty and His supremacy over all things. In a few verses, izzet is also used in the sense of condemned arrogance and pride associated with disbelievers. This article aims to analyze the different meanings of the concept of izzet as it appears in the Qur'an, exploring both its linguistic and terminological definitions. It examines izzet’s etymological roots, its usage in classical Arabic dictionaries, and how it conveys different meanings depending on the context of the Qur'anic verses. Additionally, the study highlights the distinction between the positive izzet attributed to Allah, His Messenger, and the believers, and the negative izzet associated with the arrogance and stubbornness of disbelievers and hypocrites. For believers, izzet is seen as a high moral quality, symbolizing loyalty and submission to Allah. Conversely, when izzet is combined with arrogance and pride, it becomes a condemned trait in the Qur'an. This study aims to elucidate the depth and breadth of the concept of izzet within the Qur'anic context, providing insight into how believers should properly understand and embody this concept.

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