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(Re)producing Boundaries While Enforcing Borders in Immigration Detention

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(Re)producing Boundaries While Enforcing Borders in Immigration Detention

Author(s): Laura Rezzonico / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

Immigration detention centres can be conceptualised as sites of bordering that separate the wanted from the unwanted and reify the boundary between citizens and non-citizens. Using boundary making as an analytical lens that allows getting insights into the work of borders, this paper addresses the relationship between staff and detainees in these ambiguous sites, asking how staff members engage in boundary work to distance themselves from the pains of detainees and to legitimise their work in an institution of exclusion. It considers boundary making based on three kinds of categories – race, ethnicity and culture; (il)legality and (un)deservingness; and unknownness and criminality – that are morally charged. Through the construction of detainees as culturally and morally different, illegal and undeserving, as well as potentially dangerous, prison staff contribute to the reinforcement of borders, legitimating their exclusionary dimension.

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(red.) Natalia Bloch: Wszyscy jesteśmy migrantami. (Od)zyskiwanie migracyjnej pamięci

Author(s): Mariusz Dzięglewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

Review of: Mariusz Dzięglewski - Wszyscy jesteśmy migrantami. (Od)zyskiwanie migracyjnej pamięci, (red.) Natalia Bloch, Centrum Kultury ZAMEK, Poznań 2016, ss. 346

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A PSYCHOSOCIAL PROFILE OF THE IMMIGRANT: A CASE STUDY

Author(s): Ahmet Dastan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The migratory flux from the Midele East to the European Union has been on the rise in the past decades due to the almost continuous conflicts in the Arabic Peninsula and to the economic differences between the two regions. Many people were displaced by war and have decided to migrate to the European Union because of the good perspectives the EU Member States have offered for them and for their families. Although there are many general characteristics of the migratory flux from the Middle East to the European Union, every migration wave has its own traits, its own motives and its own dimensions. Starting from these premises, the specific traits, motives and dimensions of the migratory wave of members of the Hizmet Movement in the past three years will be studied in this article. This movement has emerged in Turkey half a century ago and has become today an important social construct in this country, a network formed of educated people who are involved in developing projects aimed at helping the community. Many of the volunteers who are part of the Hizmet Movement have decided to leave the country after the political events that took place in Turkey and 2016. This situation has led to a large wave of migrants from Turkey to the EU Member States in the past three years and to a migratory flux with its own traits, motives and dimensions. Starting from these premises, we will show how Hizmet is an example of a politically motivated, forced immigration, with consequences on employment, family, identity, standard of living, all analyzed from the perspective of the right to emigration according to the UN Global Compact for Emigration developed in 2016. In this article, we will seek to identify these specific characteristics of the recent migratory wave from Turkey to the European Union, the results of the study showing that this wave has many of the characteristics of the larger migratory flux that connects the Middle East and the European territory and that the characteristics of this migration spurt are predicted by the most important academic theories of migration.

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A ROME PLAN FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN MIGRATION CRISIS. The case for take-back realism

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2017

The European Union urgently needs a credible policy on asylum and border management. It must combine effective control of external land and sea borders with respect for existing international and EU refugee law. || Such a policy must deter irregular migration of those who do not qualify for protection. It must treat asylum seekers respectfully. It must respect the fundamental norm of the rule of rescue - not to push individuals in need into danger - which is at the heart of the UN Refugee Convention (non-refoulement). Such a plan can replace the current Dublin procedures whose reform is currently being debated in the EU with no prospect for a successful outcome. What the EU needs instead is a Rome Plan for the Mediterranean: effective, humane, and politically viable. || This plan must also recognise a basic truth that holds for Italy and for other EU countries: EU countries are bad at returning third country nationals who do not qualify for protection. This is largely because most poor countries in the world have little interest in taking back their own citizens, who often send remittances. There is an urgent need for return realism.

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A SENDING COMMUNITY IN THE FACE OF A MIGRANT CRISIS. MOŃKI CASE STUDY

Author(s): Barbara Cieślińska / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2019

The article presents results of the study carried out in Mońki, which is a town characterized by high intensity of economic emigration. The study was conducted in 2016, during the so-called the migration crisis, i.e. the increased influx of immigrants and refugees to the countries of the European Union. Although the wave of this influx did not reach Poland, but the migration crisis has become an important social issue, especially in the mass media. Our survey shows how being a member of an emigrant sending community affects the attitude towards receiving immigrants and refugees.

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Acta Historica Tallinnensia (2011), 17: Vabatahtlik ja sunniviisiline ränne eesti migratsiooniloos

Author(s): Ulrike Plath / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2014

Review of: Vabatahtlik ja sunniviisiline ränne eesti migratsiooniloos. [Freiwillige und erzwungene Wanderbewegungen in der estnischen Migrationsgeschichte.] Hrsg. von Maie Pihlamägi . (Acta Historica Tallinnensia, Bd. 17.) Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus. Tallinn 2011. 168 S. ISSN 1406-2925. (€ 8,50.). Reviewed by Ulrike Plath.

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Adaptation and identity shifts after migration and return migration: Turkish qualified returnees from Germany and the US

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Adaptation and identity shifts after migration and return migration: Turkish qualified returnees from Germany and the US

Author(s): Meltem Yilmaz Sener / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This study looks at the adaptation experiences of Turkish qualified migrants who returned to Turkey after living in Germany and the US, discussing their identity shifts both during the period spent in the host country and after the return. I look at their i- pre-migration familiarity with the language and culture of the host country, ii- social groups in the host country, iii- association memberships in the host country, iv- frequency of their visits to Turkey, v- the extent to which they followed the developments in Turkey, vi- reasons behind the decision to return, vii- re-adaptation to the home country culture after return, and viii- relationships with other returnees and host country nationals after return. By focusing on these aspects of their experiences, I aim to demonstrate the kinds of orientations they have had to the host and home country cultures, and the identity shifts they had both after migration and return. I also discuss whether there are any differences between the returnees from Germany and the US in terms of these dimensions.

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Administracja polska wobec problemu migrantów po 2015 r. Kluczowe kwestie prawne i polityczne

Author(s): Andrzej Plasecki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2019

Over the course of Polish history, successive waves of migrants strengthened the country’s potential (16th century). In the 19th and 20th centuries, the emigration of Poles (including those of Jewish origin) had a negative impact on Poland’s politics and economy. Yet the post-2015 migration issue is an entirely new experience indeed. As regards migrants, the Polish state administration operates on the basis of reasonable and coherent regulations which provide for the application of the EU standards in the Republic of Poland. The situation of migrants in Poland and the Poles’ attitude towards them is mostly defined by the politics of the ruling party (Law and Justice). It is characterised by xenophobia, which makes reasonable problem-solving impossible. In addition, the party’s politicians often exaggerate the migrant problem in order to ensure ad hoc gains (e.g. on the voting day).

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Agency and Structure Revisited with Youth Responses to Gendered (Spatial) Mobilities in the EU

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Agency and Structure Revisited with Youth Responses to Gendered (Spatial) Mobilities in the EU

Author(s): Sahizer Samuk,Tabea Schlimbach,Emilia Kmiotek-Meier,Celia Diaz,Laura Díaz-Chorne,Volha Vysotskaya,Birte Nienaber,Monica ROMAN,Laura-Mihaela Mureşan,Ioana Manafi,Markus Däubler / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Young people involved in geographical mobility face diverse gendered mobility settings and gender inequalities. How do the youth involved in diverse mobility types deal with adverse circumstances caused by gender beliefs and gender prejudices? To answer this question, problem-centred interviews with young people (18-29) are analysed using Grounded Theory. These young people are European citizens and they are involved in five mobility types: higher education, employment, voluntary work, vocational education and training, and entrepreneurship. We apply Emirbayer and Mische’s (1998) categories (iterational, projective and practical-evaluative) to the analysis of gendered mobility narratives as unequal gender perceptions reveal themselves in the context of different types of youth mobility. The analysis allows to see the ways young people reflect on their actions: refusal of gender beliefs, acceptance or rejection of gendered prejudices, individual vs. collective solutions, demand for equality in numbers, comparison of gendered workplaces and assumption of leadership in initiating mobility. At the same time, we observe how geographical mobilities can increase the critical sensibility of youth towards gender inequalities, contributing to new conceptualisation of agentic responses to structural constraints.

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Ágnes Tóth, Rückkehr nach Ungarn 1946-1950. Erlebnisberichte ungarndeutscher Vertriebener

Author(s): Roland Borchers / Language(s): German / Issue: 3/2014

Review of: Ágnes Tóth: Rückkehr nach Ungarn 1946-1950. Erlebnisberichte ungarndeutscher Vertriebener. (Schriften des Bundesinstituts für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im östlichen Europa, Bd. 43.) Oldenbourg. München 2012. 389 S. ISBN 978-3-486-71206-3. (€ 49,80.). Reviewed by Roland Borchers.

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Agnieszka Kubal. Immigration and Refugee Law in Russia: Socio-Legal Perspectives.

Author(s): Olga R. Gulina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2020

Review of: Olga Gulina - Agnieszka Kubal. Immigration and Refugee Law in Russia: Socio-Legal Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. 226 pp. ISBN 978-1-108-41789-1.

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Alina Laura Tiews: Fluchtpunkt Film

Author(s): Magdalena Saryusz-Wolska / Language(s): German / Issue: 3/2018

Review of: Alina Laura Tiews: Fluchtpunkt Film. Integration von Flüchtlingen und Vertriebenen durch den deutschen Nachkriegsfilm 1945-1990. (Diktatur und Demokratie im 20. Jahrhundert, Bd. 6.) be.bra wissenschaft verlag. Berlin 2017. 368 S., Ill. ISBN 978-3-95410- 092-7 (€ 32,–.). Reviewed by Magdalena Saryusz-Wolska.

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An Analysis of the Impact of the Syrian Crisis on Turkey’s Politic-Military, Social and Economic Security

Author(s): Sertif Demir,Muzaffer Ercan Yılmaz / Language(s): English / Issue: 26/2020

This study analyzes how the ongoing Syrian Crisis has affected Turkey’s security. It starts with an overview of recent developments in the Middle East in general and in Syria specifically. It then examines the political, military, social, and economic effects of the Syrian Crisis for Turkey’s security. It concludes that the Syrian Crisis represents Turkey’s most challenging security problem since the end of the Second World War as it has had many profound impacts on the country.

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Anna Jakubowska, Der Bund der Vertriebenen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Polen (1957-2004). Selbst- und Fremddarstellung eines Vertriebenenverbandes

Author(s): Mateusz Matuszyk / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2015

Review of: Anna Jakubowska: Der Bund der Vertriebenen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Polen (1957-2004). Selbst- und Fremddarstellung eines Vertriebenenverbandes. (Studium zur Ostmitteleuropaforschung, Bd. 25.) Marburg 2012. VII, 239 S. ISBN 978-3-87969-372-6. (€ 34,–.). Reviewed by Mateusz E. Matuszyk.

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Anna Mazurkiewicz: Uchodźcy polityczni z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej… w amerykańskiej polityce zimnowojennej 1948–1954

Author(s): Agata Domochowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

Review of: Agata Domochowska - Anna Mazurkiewicz, Uchodźcy polityczni z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej… w amerykańskiej polityce zimnowojennej 1948–1954, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Uniwersytet Gdański, Warszawa–Gdańsk 2016, ss. 544

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Anne-Christin Saß, Berliner Luftmenschen. Osteuropäisch-jüdische Migranten in der Weimarer Republik

Author(s): Rüdiger Ritter / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2014

Review of: Anne-Christin Saß: Berliner Luftmenschen. Osteuropäisch-jüdische Migranten in der Weimarer Republik. (Charlottengrad und Scheunenviertel, Bd. 2.) Wallstein-Verl. Göttingen 2012. 493 S., Kt. ISBN 978-3-8353-1084-1. (€ 44,90.). Reviewed by Rüdiger Ritter.

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Attracting Skilled Migration to the Czech Republic – Lagging Behind?

Author(s): Hana N. Hlaváčková,Lucie Macková / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This paper attempts to explore the issue of skilled migration and the approach of the Czech Republic when it comes to attracting and retaining foreign skilled workers. The global competition for talent has been a prominent issue in migration studies, mainly because it has been shown that qualified migration can have a positive impact both on the countries of origin and of destination. The Czech Republic, with its low levels of unemployment, might benefit from the human capital offered by the skilled migration, and yet, there is surprisingly little debate about the type of migration the Czech Republic wants to attract. At best, this debate is driven by short-term employer demands. Surprisingly, there is little research about skilled migration to the Czech Republic and other CEE states despite its clear benefits. This paper will explore the Czech policies and programmes dealing with skilled migration and the possible caveats of these programmes. The main aim of this contribution, done by qualitative and quantitative content analysis, is to analyze past and ongoing programmes of migration and integration policy of the Czech Republic regarding skilled migration. Furthermore, it attempts to shed light on the discursive, implementation, and efficacy gaps in the Czech policies.

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Aus der Sowjetunion in das Deutsche Reich: Über die Nachumsiedlung aus Estland im Jahre 1941

Author(s): Olev Liivik,Triin Tark / Language(s): German / Issue: 3/2016

Unlike the first resettlement (Umsiedlung) of Baltic Germans that took place in Estonia from autumn of 1939 to spring of 1940, the operation known as Nachumsiedlung (later resettlement) was carried out in early 1941 under the conditions of Soviet occupation and in a manner that was concealed from the public. The purpose of this article is on the one hand to show how the interests and attitudes of Germany and the Soviet Union influenced the preparation and the execution of the Nachumsiedlung and how the resettlers were dealt with in Germany. On the other hand the article will enlighten the motives and controversial identity of resettlers. The motivation of the German authorities for initiating the Nachumsiedlung can be explained by the addition of potential human resources and material benefit, but the reason for the quick endorsement by the Soviet side remains unclear. Later activities of the Soviets demonstrate their desire to complicate the Nachumsiedlung as much as possible. Joint commissions composed of representatives of the German and Soviet sides were formed for carrying out the Nachumsiedlung. Regular reports submitted by German representatives reflect numerous incidents indicative of the arbitrariness, incompetence and malevolence of Soviet officials. However, due to the fear of Soviet repressions, in addition to the ones from Germans, numerous Estonians and other persons of non-German origin were registered as late resettlers with the assistance of officials from the German side. Many of the resettlers were from mixed families or persons with German origins, who had been assimilated into Estonians during the interwar era. This could also be the reason why they had not taken part in the first resettlement in 1939/40. In Germany, resettlers were divided according to their origins and political credibility. Non-Germans and also many resettlers with German origin were treated as refugees who were placed into refugee camps upon their arrival in Germany. After the outbreak of war between Germany and the Soviet Union, several Estonians who had claimed to be Germans expressed the wish to return to their homeland. Returning to the Baltic countries, however, was made complicated in the latter half of 1941 and essentially, it was mostly possible only for persons in the service of the occupying power. Resettlers with non-German origins often got stuck in Germany’s bureaucratic machinery, neither welcome in Germany, nor with the opportunity to return to their homeland.

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Australijska polityka imigracyjna na przełomie XX i XXI wieku

Author(s): Jan Lencznarowicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

In recent decades Australian immigration policy has brought about the rise of the number of settlers from a variety of emigrant countries as well as the change in the selection process and provoked strong political and ideological controversies both in Australia and overseas. This article outlines its historical origins, in detail examines its current form and implementation as well as major factors influencing its development. The author argues that also today, in the era of globalization, the Australian state by the combination of strict border control, intended to strengthen the sense of security and social cohesion in Australian society, and ambitious immigration program aims at achieving dynamic economic and demographic growth, enhanced by the most desirable categories of immigrants, including temporary workers. Immigration policy closely linked to the policy of multiculturalism, which attempts to meet social and cultural challenges posed by long-term mass immigration, and inspired by new visions of the Australian nation and its identity continuous, albeit in different circumstances, to serve as an instrument of nation-building.

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AVRUPA’DA AŞIRI SAĞIN AYAK SESLERİ: ZENOFOBİNİN PATOLOJİK NORMALLEŞMESİ

Author(s): Hamza Bahadır Eser / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2020

During the 2000s, the extreme right-wing parties in Europe were supported by the wider public and experienced a significant outflow. In these years, the extreme right has been the ruling party or main opposition party in many countries. Today, the far right continues to be the leading political actors in the European countries, as well as in the developed countries of the world and in countries such as the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, which are considered as examples of liberal democracy. This progress stems from the increase in migration mobility towards Europe in recent years. In this study, the rise of the far right in Europe will be associated with the wave of migration, and the antiimmigrant policies of far-right political parties in Western societies will be dealt with in the axis of pathological normality, xenophobia and welfare chauvinism. The hypothesis of the study is that there are concerns about security, welfare loss and cultural heterogeneity behind the anti-immigration stance in Europe. It is also emphasized that the increasing reaction towards the right-wing parties, which is based on anti-immigrant policies, is being strengthened day by day.

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