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Sadece Bernays’ın Eşi Mi? Halkla İlişkilerin Kadın Öncüllerinden Doris E. Fleischman

Author(s): Nilüfer Pınar Kılıç,İlkin Esen Yıldırım / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Issue/2020

The history of professional public relations begins in the 1900s and is usually conveyed through the precursors in the United States. The Ignorance of precursors in this historical narrative, expressed over Ivy Lee and Edward L. Bernays, is the motivational point of the study. The main aim of this study is to make Doris Elsa Fleischman's contribution to the field visible. Although her significant works in public relations, she is almost unnamed in the Turkish public relations literature. In this context, firstly a literature rewiev is made on pr books published in Turkey. Afterwards, Fleischman's contributions to the field of public relations, which has an essential place in the history of public relations in the United States, were analyzed by a negative case study method. As a result, it has been identified that Doris E. Fleischman, who is the copartner of Bernays' company, has been active in many fields from the naming of the field to her contributions in applications and made academic publications.

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The London human zoo in Mark Mason’s Walk the Lines. The London Underground, Overground

Author(s): Dorota Guzowska / Language(s): English Issue: 01 (28)/2020

Mark Mason’s book about London documents the author’s urban odyssey - his ten London walks undertaken with the aim of finding the capital’s soul. The narrative key to Mason’s description of London is geographical space. He walked the entire length of the Tube - overground, finding the shortest routes between each station. My paper is a proposition of negotiated reading of this journey. Instead of following the author to the sights along his walking routes, I focus my attention on his chance meetings with the people of London. Mason defines London as “the best human zoo”. I explore conceptual similarities between his metaphorical human zoo and real-life 19th and 20th-century ethnic exhibitions.

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The habitat of crime - Random Acts of Senseless Violence from the criminological perspective

Author(s): Klara Mednis / Language(s): English Issue: 01 (28)/2020

This article analyses Jack Womack’s Random Acts of Senseless Violence from the perspective of criminological research focusing on the correlation between criminality and the environment, i.e. the particular areas where either criminals reside, or where the crimes are committed. The ideas of the ecological school of criminology (the Chicago School), especially the studies by Shaw and McKay and their predecessors, and the so-called “Broken Windows” theory by Wilson and Kelling are introduced. The paper shows that the neighbourhoods depicted in Womack’s novel might be seen as models exemplifying, albeit in a rather extreme manner, the processes presented in the aforementioned theories. This article demonstrates how the link between high crime rates and the social disorganisation of communities inhabiting specific areas may provide a possible explanation for the drastic transition of the novel’s protagonist into a violent criminal.

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The airstream futuropolis: Hauntological reading of Gibson’s “The Gernsback Continuum”

Author(s): Jan Moryń / Language(s): English Issue: 01 (28)/2020

This article focuses on William Gibson’s short story “The Gernsback Continuum”, and its reading that may be arrived at through the employment of hauntology. Gibson’s story happens in cityscapes of the American Southwest - its urban areas are turned here into a site of struggle between the disillusioned present and the ever-recurring visions of a glorified future. Among the problems tackled by this article is the nature and history of Art Deco architecture and design of the 1930s, the expectations that the Americans of the 1930s had for the future, and the influence that the surviving relicts of the bygone period still exert on the urban dwellers. This article presents hauntology as a theory capable of producing a captivating reading of the story based on the works of Jacques Derrida, Mark Fisher, and Andrzej Marzec.

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All That is Solid Melts into Air’: Abstraction as Empowerment for the Migrant Mind in the Poetry of Warsan Shire

Author(s): Subhayu Bhattacharjee / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2020

Abstraction as a critical faculty has often been in use in philosophical and critical discourses. The frequency of its usage has often left unconsidered the myriad dimensions of the term pointing to the various centers of contemplation of abstraction. These range from looking at abstraction from the perspective of the invisible and non-deictic to minimalism in art. This paper seeks to explore the question of abstraction in relation to the ‘home’ and its equivalent terms in the poetry of British-Somali poet Warsan Shire to see how abstraction is a tool of empowering the diasporic identity. In other words, taking recourse to various facets of the term, this essay tries to show that abstraction identified as the absence of the concrete is a form of individual resistance in itself instead of simply being a tool for philosophers to ‘interpret the world,’ as Marx suggests in the Eleventh Thesis on Feuerbach. In doing so, this paper will also attempt to show how an idea such as dissidence could become qualitatively different in a non-European setting and how collectivist resistance might occlude the unique modes of conception of individual resistance.

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Mitologia populizmu w Wystarczy być Jerzego Kosińskiego

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Mitologia populizmu w Wystarczy być Jerzego Kosińskiego

Author(s): Mateusz Nieć / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2020

In the article, the author presents his interpretation of Roland Barthes’s concept of mythology. Based on this concept, which he calls ‘political mythology,’ the author analyses two interconnected (according to literary critics and theorists) novels: Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy (The Career of Nicodemus Dyzma) by Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz and Wystarczy być (Being There) by Jerzy Kosiński. The focus of the analysis is Being There, while Dołęga-Mostowicz’s work is considered as a background for the mythological interpretation of Kosiński’s book. The author discusses the latter in the context of the populist ideology which he associates with democratic refl žection. He also describes the emergence of a myth centered around the image of a garden.

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Transcriação no Sermões de Júlio Bressane: interações de literatura, pintura e oralidade

Author(s): Adriano Carvalho Araujo e Sousa / Language(s): Portuguese Issue: 18/2019

This article analyses some sequences of Sermões: A História de Antônio Vieira, film by Júlio Bressane released in 1989, discussing elements that repercute baroque’s vibration and vertigo, as well as opositions in film-making style such as the presence of: sound and silence; overflow and emptiness etc. Intending to debate the transcreation process (CAMPOS, 1992) which makes Bressane’s film pass through literature and paintings, with an emphasize on oral poetry. The voice of Vieira with his prophecies and speeches leads the filmmaker to images offering a cartography of Portuguese-Brazilian literature and culture.

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Korespondencja Zygmunta Haupta z redakcją „Tematów”

Author(s): Paweł Panas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2019

Zygmunt Haupt’s preserved correspondence with the editors of Tematy (Paweł Mayewski and Jan Kempka) from the years 1962-1970 consists of seventeen letters. During that time, Haupt published in the quarterly from New York his translations of three poems by Robert Frost and one by Robert Lowell, as well as one short story of his own. This correspondence, although modest in volume, is an interesting testimony of Haupt’s collaboration with an important émigré journal. It also presents the writer as someone interested in the current literary life, trying his hand as a translator of American poetry.

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Shakespeare. Stwarzanie świata Stephena Greenblatta, czyli odkrywczość kulturowej mozaiki

Author(s): Jędrzej Krystek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2019

The article is an attempt to analyze the narrative and methodological techniques of new historicism. The basis for the analysis was Stephan Greenblatt’s book Will In the Word. How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare, especially because of of creating biographical and intercultural areas. The author of the analysis follows the relations between the truth of narration and historical truth and tries to determine the constituent elements of Hamlet’s author. The author of the analysis traced the relations between two truths: the truth of the historical time and the truth of the narrative time.

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Ginsberg Barańczaka. Z dziejów jed(y)nego przekładu

Author(s): Oskar Meller / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2019

The article is an analysis of the translation of the poem A Supermarket in California (Supermarket w Kaliforni), the only poem by Allen Ginsberg translated by Stanisław Barańczak. In the critical works of the author of Facial Corrections (Korekta twarzy) the beatnik’s poetics is contrasted with the poetry of Robert Frost and James Merill – writers crucially important to the translator. Despite this, A Supermarket… enriched Barańczak’s anthology of American Poetry published in 1998. The translator’s key choice appears to be the use of a conversational idiom, placing the poem opposite the ‘howling’ diction from the flagship poems of the author of Howl. The testaments of a dialogue with tradition is what Barańczak seeks in it; he is most interested in the formal and semantic bows to the father of American poetry. What Barańczak makes the semantic dominant is, rather than the structure of the text or the images evoked in it, Whitman’s patronage with all its consequences.

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Spark and Sparkle – „Iskra i gra”. O tłumaczeniu poezji absurdalnej na przykładzie wiersza Ogdena Nasha

Author(s): Maciej Skrzypecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2019

The article is a short presentation of a translation concept created by an American cognitivist and physicist Douglas Hofstadter included in his book Le Ton beau de Marot. The principles of the concept are presented by means of a metaphor. Translation is a game of, only partially conscious, participation in an infinite loop: words evoke images and images – words. The contact with the original text creates images in the translator’s mind that he or she translates by means of language structures into sentences/verses of the target language. This cognitive intuition is paired with a structural category of Stanisław Barańczak’s semantic dominant. This methodological, structural-cognitive pair is a starting point for the analysis of Barańczak’s translation of Ogden Nash’s The Dog. The stylistic and formal solutions (especially rhymes) used by the translator are analysed, but the main goal of the text is to capture the elusive, i.e. the analysis of the interlinguistic and ‘inter-mental’ translation of the absurd sense of humour.

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Specyfika kina graficznego na przykładzie "Hulka" Anga Lee

Author(s): Tomasz Żaglewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2019

In the article the author is trying to define the characteristics of a graphic cinema as one of the main trends in nowadays comic book film adaptations production. One of the main elements of this trend is an ambitious effort to adapt the formal aspects of comic books for a movie screen in the most accurate way that is possible. By using one of the first examples of graphic cinema - Ang Lee’s “Hulk” — the author is trying to reconstruct its mechanisms of the following the comic book language and find out where the limits of adaptation between comic book and film are.

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Neurotyczny Rycerz. Reminiscencja "Azylu Arkham" Granta Morrisona i Dave'a McKeana

Author(s): Michał Chudoliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2019

The author of the article "The Neurotic Knight. Reminiscing on Grant Morrison's and Dave McKean's Arkham Asylum" wishes to present modern reflections on the genesis of one of the most popular comic books about Batman. To this end, he recalls the diegesis of the cultural work, which takes into account the originality of the story, the perception of the graphic novel, as well as directly references the thoughts of the authors, Grant Morrison and Dave McKean. Particular focus is put on the therapeutic function of the comic, a theme which was discussed in the scholarship of i.a. Janina Scarlet. The character of Batman and his antagonists were portrayed in Arkham Asylum in a groundbreaking, very symbolic way, which at the same time imbued the reader with a sense of dread. Thirty years after the publication, the author of the article reminisces on Morrison's and McKean's work, drawing upon modern research methods and pop-cultural references alike.

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Antycelebrycki wariant współczesnego podróżopisarstwa Reporterska pikareska z „dzikiego wschodu

Author(s): Izabela Adamczewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2019

The subject of the article is the Pikarean version of travel literature. The author puts the traveling ‘I’ in the foreground in the text, but creating an ostentatiously anti-media image. The strategy of self-compromise, which the author presents on the example of the travellers of Ted Conover, Sylvain Tesson, Jacek Hugo-Bader, Ziemowit Szczerek, Michał Księga and Juliusz Strachota, serves to emphasize / create the sincerity of the narrative situation. The adventurous “JA” in participatory reportage and other types of travel writing resembles an antihero whose roots are in pikaresce.

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Still Ekphrasis? Visual and Non-Visual Art in Contemporary Anglophone Fiction

Author(s): Jarosław Hetman / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The article explores the ancient notion of ekphrasis in an attempt to further adjust it to the requirements of the contemporary literary and artistic landscape. An overview of the transformations in the world of art in the 20th century allows us to update our understanding of what art is today and to examine its existence within the literary context. In light of the above, I emphasize the significance of broadening the definition of ekphrasis so as to include not only painting and sculpture on the one side, and poetry on the other, but also to open it up to less conventional forms of artistic expression, and popularize its use in reference to prose. In order to illustrate its relevance to the novel, I have conducted a study of three contemporary novels – John Banville’s Athena, Kurt Vonnegut’s Bluebeard and Don DeLillo’s Mao II – in order to uncover the innovative ways in which novelists nowadays use ekphrasis to reinvigorate long prose.

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PRZEKŁAD JAKO PRÓBA „PRZYŚWIADCZENIA”. WOKÓŁ WIERSZA STANISŁAWA BARAŃCZAKA PIĘĆ POCZTÓWEK OD I DO EMILY DICKINSON

Author(s): Łukasz Tischner / Language(s): Polish Issue: 41/2020

Stanisław Barańczak is well known not only as a poet, but also as an extremely prolific translator who became famous for translating the works of Shakespeare and British and American poets. In the 1980s, just before and immediately after his forced political emigration to the United States, he extensively translated religious poets (e.g. ‘metaphysical poets’, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Emily Dickinson). This was a rather surprising choice, given the fact that Barańczak was an agnostic, distrustful of the world of religion. On the other hand, however, it was at that time that he introduced in his own poetry (“Atlantis”, “A Postcard from this World”) phrases testing the possibility of religious “real assent” (John Henry Newman’s term). It seems that for Barańczak translation of some poets becomes not only an opportunity to broaden the scope of the Polish language and improve his own technique, but also an attempt to “assent” to the religious vision of the world, which is evoked by the lyric of the poets he admired. The poem Five Postcards from and to Emily Dickinson seems to support such an interpretation. My analyses are inspired by scholars of Barańczak’s work, as well as by those who study literature and religion: Paul Ricœur and Charles Taylor.

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The Fourth Space as an Escape from Colliding Cultures in Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf

Author(s): Ishak Berrebbah / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The main axis of Arab American literature is its portrayal of the experiences that Arab Americans go through in their daily life inside and outside the USA. Taking Mohja Kahf’s novel as a literary sample, this paper examines the extent to which triple consciousness, faith development, and existentialist thought forge Khadra’s perplexity in understanding her identity – she struggles to explore her true self in two different cultural realms i.e., Mecca and Indianapolis. By employing points of view and criticism of well-known scholars and critics such as Erik Erikson, Henri Tajfel and James Fowler, this paper concludes that Khadra, as an escape from her psychological unrest in two incompatible cultures, locates herself in what I call as the fourth space.

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Narcissistic Personality in Arthur Miller’s “Death of a Salesman” and Saul Bellow’s “Seize the Day”: A Comparative Study

Author(s): U.H. Ruhina Jesmin / Language(s): English Issue: 11(40)/2018

The paper is a comparative study on narcissistic personalities and consequences of their actions in Arthur Miller’s play “Death of a Salesman” (1949) and Saul Bellow’s novella “Seize the Day” (1956). Relational content analysis method is used to explore different degrees of narcissism in the characters – the subject of this paper. The research aims at analyzing narcissistic traits, such as obsession with fostering a self-image, denial, preoccupation with unrealistic grand fantasies of success, obsession with superiority and fear of inferiority, and feelings of specialness in connection with the characters of Willy Loman and his sons in Miller’s play and Dr. Adler and his son in Bellow’s novella. Their desperate and excessive attempts to attain their desired image and to get approval of self-worth in society detach them from their true identity and make them lead a life of failure, alienation, and helplessness as well as suffer from an existential crisis. The narcissistic characters lack empathy and capability of establishing healthy relationships with others they are associated with even as regards parental and conjugal bonding. Instead of healing them, such bonding actually turns out to be a form of bondages that victimizes them. A materialistic and capitalistic society like that of the twentieth century New York was no less for their suffering on both the personal and professional levels. Their fallacious perception of the American Dream is also associated with their narcissist vision of denying their poor status, which was in perpetual conflict with their make-believe images.

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Méprisé, mais pas méprisable – échec de la rhétorique de dissuasion dans Demain matin, Montréal m’attend de Michel Tremblay

Author(s): Sebastian Zacharow / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2020

In Demain matin, Montréal m’attend, a comedy by Michel Tremblay written in the era of a Quiet Revolution, contempt takes on an argumentative value. Lola Lee, a singer and artist in La Main – an artistic neighborhood in Montreal. Lola’s younger sister – Louise – is jealous of the popularity gained by her older sibling. Lola Lee, in the attempt to discourage Louise from the idea of following in her footsteps travels with her through the most infamous artistic venues. During this trip Louise meets artists with questionable morals. The aim of the article is firstly to show how this journey, instead of generating contempt, becomes the core of searching for your own artistic identity. Secondly, the article explains how Tremblay’s art, using metaphors in the style of Almodóvar, represent the national dramaturgy of Quebec, in which the hero, which is an allegory of the whole society, undergoes an evolution that allows him to appreciate his own identity instead of despising it.

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Medicinos terminai grožiniame tekste

Author(s): Palmira Zemlevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 84/2021

The article addresses medical terms in a selected fictional text (Noah Gordon’s novel The Physician, 2020), their features and functions. The text abounds in medical terms. They are usually used to describe various medical treatment related situations. The article focuses on two most prominent groups of terms: proper (scientific) medical terms and improper medical terms or pseudo-terms. It also describes the functions played by medical terms, the meaning of their contextual partners (adjectives, participles, verbs) in performing the stylistic function and addresses the topic of determinologization. When discussing the functioning of medical terms in the fictional text, the article also presents the insights of other scholars concerning the peculiarities of the use of terms in a given text and the proposed classifications of terms in the text.

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