A Comparison of 20th Century Theories of Style (in the Context of Czech and British Scholarly Discourses)

Author(s): Michal Křístek / Language(s): English

The book is focused on a comparison of theoretical approaches to issues of style, in the context of Czech and Anglo-Saxon (especially British) scholarly discourses. The aim was to show and compare different methodological approaches based on different theoretical bases – for this reason, two different cultural contexts were selected, attention being paid also to mutual contacts within these contexts. The 20th century was chosen intentionally, as the period during which, in both of the respective contexts, stylistics was constituted as a modern scholarly discipline rooted in the fields of linguistics and literary theory. The book is aimed at members of academic communities, at teachers as well as at students, especially at those focusing on Czech and English studies.

Rozbor filmu

Author(s): Radomir D. Kokeš / Language(s): Czech

The aim is to offer a comprehensive textbook focused on formal analysis of stylistic, narrative, and thematic arrangement of a film work. The publication should be useful for students of film studies and audio-visual culture, as well as for wide audiences (academics, film reviewers, and film fans). The book structure follows a bottom-up explanation model which starts with searching for a research problem and the thesis formulation and goes on to questions related to the text outline and the structure of argumentation. The final part of the book offers more complex film case analyses rooted in the perspective of the previous chapters.

Srbská frazeologie v českém a bulharském překladu: Kontrastivní analýza

Author(s): Pavel Krejčí / Language(s): Czech

This book analyzes in contrastive way Czech and Bulgarian translations of phrasemes of two Serbian prose works: The Bridge on the Drina by Ivo Andrić (1945) and Dictionary of the Khazars by Milorad Pavić (1984). It tracks and describes the formal, semantic and stylistic variations of Czech and Bulgarian translation solutions while trying to answer the question, to what extent the greater typological linguistic proximity is playing bigger role at the accuracy of the translation of phraseology (Czech is thus closer to Serbian than Bulgarian) and to what extent the genetic and cultural-historical propinquity is more important (Bulgarian to Serbian is thus closer than Czech).

Język Artystyczny. T. 17: Obrzeża, marginesy, rudymenty…

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

There are a few topics considered in the monograph. One can distinguish among others: question of perimeters in artistic oeuvres, cultural phenomena of margin character and their manifestations in literature, main streams versus niche, different understanding of non/normativeness, interfusion, collages, nebulosity of genres, styles, discourses, changes of subject category (e.g. posthumanism, transhumanism). All of them could be treated as detrituses, remains, scraps as a new perspective of world description, expression of many system metamorphosis of artistic language, style and discourse.

The Satire of Ishmael Reed: From Non-standard Sexuality to Argumentation

Author(s): Jiří Šalamoun / Language(s): English

This book addresses a gap in Ishmael Reed scholarship by contextualizing his use of satire and by establishing which satirical techniques are most frequently used and when. It demonstrates that Reed’s satire has evolved from a stage which frequently criticizes society through non-standard sexuality (as can be seen in his early novels) to a stage which frequently criticizes through logical argumentation (as can be seen in novels published after 1990). The book connects these two modes of satire to two types of American racism: overt (present in the public discourse until the Civil Rights Movement) and covert (present in the public discourse after the Civil Rights Movement). It concludes by illustrating that as overt racism became unacceptable in American public discourse, Ishmael Reed updated his satire so that it would remain an effective type of social critique. The book is intended for those interested in the novels of Ishmael Reed, African American literature, and satire.

Bogactwo polszczyzny w świetle jej historii. T. 8

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The eight volume of the series The richness of the Polish language in the light of its history is a publication that presents the achievements of the national scientific conference (Katowice, 7 November 2018). The authors of the articles collected in this volume have made various historical and linguistic issues, primarily: description of old and contemporary lexis oriented in terms of vocabulary, semantics or etymology; the problems of nominations in the history of the Polish language; conceptualisation of different concepts in both language and culture. Due to the diversity of thematic circles this book was divided into three parts (From history to modernity – continuity, change, inspirations; From word to meaning - etymology, transformations, variants; From sign to text - syntax, genres, functions), showing a wide spectrum of scientific interests of the researchers.

Petit éloge de l'ironie. Actes du colloque international Journées de la Francophonie XXIVe édition, Iași, 29-30 mars 2019

Author(s): / Language(s): French

This volume represents a collection of texts presented in the form of scientific interventions during the annual French-speaking colloquium organized for the XXIVth consecutive time by our French Department of the Faculty of Letters of the University "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" of Iași. In 2019, the general theme of this international event was that of irony. Laughter, questioning of seriousness, withdrawal from the gravity and implacability of fate, humor and other literary and linguistic forms of irony are therefore the main subjects of our book.

Nie/porozumienie, nie/tolerancja, w(y)kluczenie w języku i kulturze

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The epoch in which we live is also full of communicatively difficult situations, resulting from the pace of civilisational changes, cultural and social conflicts, growing divides related to opening to the Other, with whom we are not always prepared to meet. The works and studies compiled in the present book are divided into four parts and the problems described in them focus on many communicative situations and social phenomena. The authors point the language spheres, but also many different contexts of using the natural code, such as politics, racism, gender, sexual orientation, religion, sport, disease and national or cultural difference.

NAUČNI SKUP O IZETU SARAJLIĆU

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Naučni skup o Izetu Sarajliću održan je u četvrtak, 28. marta/ožujka2013. godine od 10:00 do 14:00 sati u Kožnoj sali Akademije nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine.

Analysing Genre: The Colony Text of UNESCO Resolutions

Author(s): Olga Dontcheva-Navratilova / Language(s): English

This book analyzes the genre of resolutions in an attempt to explain the specific way discourse is constructed and interpreted in the context of intergovernmental institutional interaction practiced by the UNESCO discourse community to achieve its specific communicative goals. Undertaken primarily from the viewpoints of sociolinguistics, stylistics and pragmatics, it uses the genre analysis approach and aims at the study of text typology and stylistic variation in association with the contextual constraints on discourse production and processing. The corpus-based study is carried out from both the synchronic and the diachronic points of view in an attempt to characterize a genre and its development over a sixty-year period. The diachronic research focuses on the development and changes the genre has undergone from its implementation in the United Nations system up to the beginning of the twenty-first century. Since the `Resolutions' volumes are categorized as an instance of the colony text type, their structure and distinctive features are related to the specificity of this kind of written discourse. The investigation into the current state of the genre explores the generic structure of resolutions and their style markers. The analysis of the style markers of the genre is related to the major strategies used to build up discourse coherence and to some pragmatic issues, such as speech acts and politeness phenomena.

Coherence in Political Speeches

Author(s): Olga Dontcheva-Navratilova / Language(s): English

The monograph studies coherence in political discourse from the perspective of discourse analysis, pragmatics and genre analysis. The investigation into coherence strategies in the genre of opening addresses is performed on the material of speeches delivered by Directors-General of UNESCO. The analysis focuses on interpersonal meanings conveyed by modal expressions, personal pronouns, evaluative lexical units and signals of dialogicity. These interpersonal meanings are interconnected with patterns of thematic progression, continuity of referents, temporal anchoring of the discourse in the moment of speaking, and numerous cohesive signals. The author points out that the choice of coherence strategies is interwoven with persuasion strategies which the politicians use in relation to their communicative intentions and the rhetorical structure of the genre of opening addresses.

Conjunctive Adverbials Viewed as Pragmatic Markers in the Genre of Research Articles

Author(s): Irena Hůlková / Language(s): English

This study looks into the occurrence of conjunctive adverbials (CAs) in the genre of research articles. The theoretical part first introduces CAs along with their main properties. Subsequently, the concepts of cohesion and coherence are investigated and since CAs are viewed as pragmatic markers, the concept of pragmatics is also examined. The last chapter concentrates on the demarcation of the general terms register and genre and then singles out two fields crucial to the present investigation: the register of academic prose and the genre of research articles. The three chapters of the analytical part deal with my research findings. The corpus analysis is based on a research article corpus of 100 published papers (50 representing soft and another 50 hard knowledge fields) in 10 academic disciplines (5 representing SKF and the other 5 HKF). The qualitative method is used in connection with the investigation of semantic roles of the CAs and their pragmatic implications, and the quantitative method helps to analyze the frequency of occurrence of individual semantic categories as well as particular CAs. This occurrence is analyzed not only in research articles as a whole, but also in their individual sections such as Abstracts, Introductions and Conclusions. The distribution of CAs in terms of their syntactic functions (i.e., the position(s) they take up in a clause) is also looked into. Realization forms of CAs are examined too.

Polskie i czeskie napisy publiczne. Stylistyka i pragmatyka

Author(s): Andrzej Charciarek / Language(s): Polish

The subject of the monograph are inscriptions on Polish and Czech public signs perceived as a communicative and textual phenomenon connected with the place of their functioning, their sender-receiver relations and the functions they perform. The author focuses on the issues of the status of public signage and its stylistic and communicative determinants. He draws attention to the affinity of public signs with both administrative and colloquial texts, due to the different degree of stylistic awareness of their authors. The publication is mainly addressed to linguists interested in communicative and textological issues in contemporary Polish and Czech.

Чешката телевизионна реклама и фолклорът – начини за употреба на народните традиции от масмедиите

Author(s): Jaroslav Otčenášek / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The ways in witch advertising uses folklore motifs are rather varied and interesting. In this article, we first clarify what the essence of advertising is at a theoretical level, who it is aimed at, what is presented and how it is presented, and of course, also who orders the advertisement. This synthesizing theoretical introduction is necessary in order to fully understand the differences between audio advertising, visual and audio-visual presentation, as well as how contemporary advertising permeates the media environment including Internet and social networks. Also significant is the psychological effect on the costumers, which uses a number of traditional stereotypes and expected behaviour patterns. Subsequently, we will look in more detail at the role of folklore and especially folklore narratives in advertising, including its changes in the last century, which we will illustrate with two specific examples. The next part of the article consists of an analysis of two contemporary advertising campaigns with dominant folklore motifs in the Czech media environment (Equa bank and Seznam.cz), in which we show in detail the way they communicate with the costumer, the folklore stereotypes used and the comments of the clients and creators of these advertisements regarding the expected effect of the campaign.

Интернет мемовете като част от политическата комуникация и участие (Наблюдения върху словашката онлайн платформа Zomri)

Author(s): Eva Šipöczová / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Internet memes are a basic representative of online folklore, which naturally arises and lives as part of virtual communication. Similar to political jokes, some of them comment on, gloss over, criticize and satirize political and social events, making them part of political participation and communication „from bellow“. The purpose of this case study is to use the example of the Slovak online platform Zomri [Die] to show how an amateur entertainment project, which is part of participatory online culture, became part of a societal discussion thanks to social network and popularity. Attention is paid to various actors (site admins, the public, politicians, media), the activities of those actors and the spillovers outside the internet environment. The study combines folkloristic theoretical starting points with approaches from media and pop culture studies. It is based on long-term online research of the platforms, its content, secondary activities and spillovers into other areas of the online and offline environment. It also builds on the analysis of media interviews and discussion with platform admins.

Фалшивите новини – функции и интерпретации в българското медийно пространство

Author(s): Angelina Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article presents a study of the “fake news” problem from an emic perspective, focusing on media practices. The study aims to place people as conscious and active subjects of cultural production and consumption at the analysis’s centre and present the problem through their actions, reactions and interpretations. Different cases of questionable content circulating through Bulgarian media space are analysed, and their functions and uses are outlined. Two main functions of fake news are specified: 1) as an aspect of popular culture and 2) as a genre of disinformation. The features of users’ reception and interpretation, the subversive impact of fake news in the media ecosystem and its usage in the so-called ‘information wars’ are examined in detail. The conclusions emphasise the role of humour and laughter as mechanisms of counteraction.

The Manufactory of Old French Psalters.

Author(s): Chapel Alessia,Vladimir Agrigoroaei / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2023

Pentru a înțelege mai bine relațiile intertextuale dintre psaltirile franceze medievale, întoarcerea la o sursă fundamentală precum Psaltirea de la Oxford (manuscrisul Oxford, Biblioteca Bodleiană, Douce 320) este esențială. Astfel, unul dintre scopurile acestui articol este cel de a pune bazele unui studiu al modificărilor de natură textuală reprezentate de numeroase ștersături care reflectă procesul de redactare și spun povestea acestui manuscris. Deoarece studiul este de amploare, a fost necesară segmentarea lui în mai multe publicații. În această primă etapă, după o introducere care analizează relațiile manuscrisului Douce 320 cu alte manuscrise din familia sa (de exemplu, Londra, British Library, Arundel MS 230), autorii discută ștersăturile legate de fluctuația vocalelor și diftongilor în ortografia anumitor cuvinte. Analiza tratamentului dentalelor finale ocupă apoi secțiuni referitoare la anumite forme verbale ale modurilor indicativ, conjunctiv și participiu. Acestea sunt completate de studii privind ștergerea unui -e- interconsonantic în formele de viitor și oscilarea între -r- și dublu -rr- în formele de viitor ale verbului estre. În cele ce urmează, ștersăturile și/sau corecturile legate de dentale permit de asemenea să fie abordată problema declinării, nu numai în cazul participiilor, ci și a mai multor substantive și adjective. Cercetarea se concentrează apoi pe studii de caz: ștergerea unui –n final în enfer(n), iur(n) și car(n); ezitările scribului legate de ortografia conjuncției car; înlocuirea frecventă a lui q cu c în cuvântul quer/cuer; ezitarea între folosirea conjuncției mais sau a conjuncției acertes; precum și multiplele opțiuni de a traduce sufixul latin –tio. O paranteză deschisă cu privire la anumite adăugiri și/sau corecturi sugerează posibilitatea ca manuscrisul Douce 320 să nu fie o traducere autografă a Psaltirii St. Albans (păstrată la Hildesheim, Dombibliothek, St. Godehard 1). Scribul ar fi folosit mai degrabă o sursă latină cu o glosă vernaculară interliniară. Această deducție pare să fie confirmată și de utilizarea unei liniuțe de unire, pe care copistul o folosește pentru a compensa erori probabile de transcriere. Ipoteza aceasta este susținută mai ales de cercetarea asupra câtorva „ștersături lungi”. Ele par a privi unități de transcriere a căror modificare este legată de structura și interconectarea textuală cu o sursă care prezintă atât un text latin, cât și o glosă interliniară. În încheierea acestei părți, după ce au prezentat, spre comparație, exemple preluate din Psaltirea Winchester și Psaltirea Arundel, autorii propun reconstituirea unui segment de text care ar putea fi mai aproape de sursa manuscrisului Douce 320. Articolul se încheie cu o comparație cu precedentele în limba engleză veche și cu o transcriere a fragmentelor de la Maidstone, Centrul și Biblioteca de Istorie Kent, Fa/Z1 (fragmentul Faversham i). Continuarea cercetării este prevăzută pentru următorul număr al revistei Museikon.

Le portrait dans les anciens livres roumains imprimés.

Author(s): Policarp Chițulescu / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2024

The painted, engraved, or sculpted portrait is an attempt to immortalize a person and preserve their memory. Often, portraits served both didactic and aesthetic purposes, particularly in religious texts. In Orthodox books, portraits typically depicted saints rather than individuals contemporary with the time of the book's publication. It is exceedingly rare for an Orthodox book to include the portrait of a person who was alive at the time of publication or who had passed away relatively close to that date. While the practice of including portraits of individuals associated with a book was common in the West, it is a notable exception in the history of Romanian engraving and printing tradition. In this study, we have sought to identify the individuals and volumes printed in the Romanian Lands up to the nineteenth century in which such portraits appeared. We have also examined the motivations behind the inclusion of these portraits, whether engraved in wood or brass. This research was inspired by the portraits of Elder Paisios of Neamţ († 1794), printed in books by his disciples. We will analyze these representations of the great hesychast and then explore several other portraits we have identified in Romanian books thus far.

The Manufactory of Old French Psalters. Part 2. The Genetic Stratigraphy of Douce MS 320 (Continuation) and Its Links with the Maidstone and Orne Fragments.

Author(s): Vladimir Agrigoroaei,Chapel Alessia,Lendinara Patrizia,Delattre Corentin / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2024

Le présent article s’inscrit dans la continuité de celui qui a été publié en 2023 dans la même revue (The Manufactory of Old French Psalters: Part 1…). Ce deuxième volet comprend d’abord une section de addenda qui complètent certaines parties du précèdent article. S’ajoutent ensuite les érasures dans diverses formes verbales, suivies par un recensement des corrections liées aux préfixes ex– et es–. D’autres séries d’érasures concernent différentes parties du discours: articles définis; pronoms personnels; pronoms réflexifs; formes possessives; démonstratifs; avec une étude de cas sur les choix de traduction du génitif eius, dont plusieurs documentent l’existence d’un antigraphe. Il s’agit souvent d’une hésitation entre les formes faibles et fortes. Des sections com-plémentaires sont consacrées aux érasures des pronoms relatifs et de la conjonction que; à l’adjectif pronominal toz / tuit; aux prépositions; à la conjonction é; aux signes de ponctuation; et aux particules négatives. L’ana-lyse des érasures du manuscrit d’Oxford, Bibliothèque bodléienne, Douce 320 se termine par un examen détaillé des corrections liées à différents phénomènes lexicaux. L’article porte ensuite sur les rapports entre le manuscrit Douce et les fragments de Maidstone, dont la transcription a été publiée dans le premier volet. Suivent une transcrip-tion des fragments de l’Orne (Paris, Archives Nationales, dossier AB xix 1734) et une étude sur l’origine de ces derniers et sur leurs liens avec le texte de Douce. Les choix de traduction pour le latin numquid documentent les liens entre Douce, Arundel (Londres, Bibliothèque britannique, Arundel 230) et Orne. Les choix de traduction du latin exaltare permettent en partie de restituer le texte latin de la source de Douce. Les différentes stratégies de traduction d’Orne, de Douce et d’Arundel semblent être des réécritures d’antigraphes similaires. Toutes ces ana-lyses montrent que Douce, Arundel, Orne et Maidstone proviennent de deux ou plusieurs gloses vernaculaires apparentées. L’article propose ensuite une perspective globale sur les approches vernaculaires de la traduction des psaumes en Angleterre jusqu’au xiiie siècle, qui documente l’interaction des langues vernaculaires anglaises et françaises avec les textes (et l’exégèse) latins. Il se termine par une discussion (appuyée sur deux exemples du xiie siècle) concernant le double pliage du Douce, lié sans doute à sa circulation et à son emploi dans la réalisation des psautiers bilingues à deux colonnes. Le troisième volet du présent article est prévu pour 2025. Il comprendra la transcription du texte de Douce (avec l’accentuation originale et l’emplacement des érasures), ainsi que plusieurs études complémentaires.

Echoes

Author(s): Ana Dumitran / Language(s): English,French Issue: 8/2024