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Result 141-160 of 1964
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Kondolencje w polszczyźnie. Definicja – kontekst pragmatyczny – wzorzec gatunkowy

Kondolencje w polszczyźnie. Definicja – kontekst pragmatyczny – wzorzec gatunkowy

Author(s): Marta Rogalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2015

The article concerns the Polish lexeme kondolencje ‘condolences’, both as a speech act and a genre. In the first part of the article, definitions of the lexeme in synchronic an diachronic dictionaries of Polish are discussed. The usual defining procedure is to focus on the Latin element con- ‘together with’ and, in recent dictionaries, the concept of ‘expressing sympathy and sorrow’. Another dimension of condolences is the pragmatic information, i.e. condolences as a polite speech act. Finally, condolences are viewed as a genre, with particular emphasis on changes in its written patterns and the influence of new channels of communication on the form and meaning of condolences.

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Эпистолярная проза в новейшей украинской литературе (О.Базалук «Женщина для вдохновения»)

Эпистолярная проза в новейшей украинской литературе (О.Базалук «Женщина для вдохновения»)

Author(s): Olga Petriashvili / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

Ukrainian scientist, philosopher, Professor Oleg Bazaluk in their artistic and philosophical works in detail examines gender problem in contemporary society. In 2013 he published a book “Woman for inspiration”. This is an epistolary prose — uncommon genre for modern literary. O. Bazaluk’s new work is characterized by its peculiarity. It comprises 41 letter of the main character to her granddaughter, and the letters tell us about the private life, but having been gathered up as a whole they become a completed piece of literary work. Indeed, the chronological framework of “Women for inspiration” cover seventy years of life of the heroine, the famous writer and educator, who worked in the leading universities of Paris, Beijing and Shanghai. The letters heroine are a way to gain spiritual intimacy with her granddaughter, located far away. There is not dialogue, there is only a monologue heroine. In her letters to unfold reflections of the heroine. It is a conversation with no replies. The heroine of the work — a strong personality, her biography is closely connected with the history of his native country. Personal tragedy is intertwined with the historical period of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the difficult way of formation of independent Ukraine.

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Means Of Expressing Gratitude In English And Bulgarian – Pragmatic Dimensions

Means Of Expressing Gratitude In English And Bulgarian – Pragmatic Dimensions

Author(s): Deyana Peneva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The paper investigates different ways and means of indicating gratitude exploited in English and Bulgarian. It basically focuses on a number of thanking situations, strategies and expressions with respect to use, politeness orientation and specificities. A division is further made between thanks, appreciation and gratitude. The aim of the article is to present the English patterns of speech acts of thanking in context-dependent speech situations and the challenges to learners when being exposed to input settings similar to the linguistic reality of the target community. The paper also dwells on the disparities and inaccuracies which may occur between the learners’ native pragmatic knowledge and the expressions of gratitude which are most likely to be uttered by native speakers of English.

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Stilske razine u djelima Konstantina Porfirogeneta

Stilske razine u djelima Konstantina Porfirogeneta

Author(s): Teuta Serreqi Jurić / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 21/2019

The question of the authorship of the literary corpus preserved under the name of Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII. Porphyrogenitus (913-959) has preoccupied scholars for more than a century. Uncertainty in the emperor's authorship arose for the most part due to the multitude of style levels of his writings, which in recent research has resulted in a disputation of the authorship of Porphyrogenitus involving most of the works attributed to him. This paper deals with the stylistic features of those parts of the Corpus Constantineum in which, according to experts, Porphyrogenitus had his own creative share. The results show that Constantine wrote using approximately six different style levels, and that the appearance of different stylistic expressions was conditioned by the literary genre, the subject matter and the circumstances addressed by the work in question. The common stylistic features present in the segments of the emperor's writings covered in this paper point to the fact that, in this case, it is possible that they were written by the same author, one who varied his writing style.

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Из стилистике научног текста

Из стилистике научног текста

Author(s): Andrej M. Stojanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 19/2019

Review of: Kotiurova Mariia Pavlovna, Solov'eva Natal'ia Vasil'evna (2019), Sovremennyi nauchnyi tekst (skvoz' prizmu diskursivnyh izmenenii): monografiia, Moskva: FLINTA, 264 s.

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Специфіка використання метафори в дизайні ландшафту

Author(s): Iryna Ivanivna Ivanytska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 41/2018

The purpose of the article is to study the metaphor as a means of forming the artistic expressiveness, its use in landscape design. The methodology consists of analyzing, synthesizing, comparing, summarizing the use of metaphor on the example of organizing gardens and parks of famous landscape painters of the world. Scientific Novelty. Study of international practice in the field of landscape transformation, modeling of the use of metaphor to positively change the qualities of urban space. It is revealed that in the process of metaphor a lot of semantic connotations are created, due to which the information is transmitted, both landscape and culture. Therefore, spatial and landscape metaphors have unconditional information value for the researcher. Conclusions. The metaphor is the universal means of solving design and artistic tasks, and it forms the basis of instrumental, ideologically-valuable, and culturally-linguistic positions. The metaphor allows you to penetrate the deep structures of the reality of the cultural landscape reality, creates a lot of semantic connotations and as a result, it is becoming the transmission of information.

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Profesoriaus Leono Gudaičio redagavimo principai

Profesoriaus Leono Gudaičio redagavimo principai

Author(s): Aurelija Mykolaitytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 72/2019

The first issue of Vytautas Magnus University’s scholarly journal “Deeds and Days” (“Darbai ir dienos”) was published in 1930. After being discontinued during the Soviet occupation, its publishing was resumed in 1995. Professor Leonas Gudaitis (1935–2019) edited the revived scholarly publication Deeds and Days for more than a decade: from 1994 until 2006. In total, 36 volumes (no. 1 (10)–45) were prepared, their size being 20 or more printer’s sheets. The rich legacy of their editing is unquestionable: VMU Library holds the files of these publications, in which the scholarly editor’s work is documented starting from the idea for the creation of thematic volumes and ending with the final version. The plans for the thematic volumes, the edited texts of the authors, and the proof-read versions are all presented. The professor’s entries attest to the focus on the graphical expression in addition to the written text: the scope of Gudaitis’s work included artistic editing. This article is limited to the stylistic editing of the journal: the corrections of its vocabulary and syntax. There is a particularly strong focus on stylistic variations; explorations of what was corrected and why; and discussions of how the editorial principles could be defined. The analysis reveals that Gudaitis avoided stylistic monotony and stock expressions above all else and sought to ensure the text was brisk, rich, and succinct.

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Переклад текстів спортивної тематики: особливості та різновиди

Author(s): Tatyana Paley,Helena Ogorodnikova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 11/2018

The purpose of the article. Identify the specifics of the translation of sports texts in the context of stylistic features according to their categorization; to analyze the peculiarities of the translation of sports terminology. The methodology of this research is an organic set of descriptive methods, semantic-stylistic analysis, analysis of vocabulary definitions and translation analysis. Scientific novelty of the work is the study and analysis of the stylistic features of the translation of the text of sports themes of different styles of speech and the identification of the specifics of translation activities. Conclusions. As a result of the study of the variety of texts of sports subjects in the context of stylistic peculiarities according to their categorization, specific peculiarities of translation from English into Ukrainian, according to grammatical, lexical, stylistic and other characteristics were revealed. The peculiarities of scientific, official-business and journalistic style are considered, and the main tasks, principles, and methods of translation activity are formulated by the stylistic affiliation of texts of sports subjects. The features of sports terminology are analyzed, and priority methods of translation are revealed.

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Les caractéristiques sémantico - structurelles des oïkonymes en français et en géorgien

Les caractéristiques sémantico - structurelles des oïkonymes en français et en géorgien

Author(s): Nino Gurgenidze / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2014

This article is devoted to structural-semantic research in French and Georgian languages. Every literary work determines the history of its country and nation, culture and tradition. In literary works with the use of different stylistic devices, topics, characters and historical facts are shown. Very often writers use Oïkonyms (oïkos from the Greek word meaning ‘house’ or-, ‘dwelling’) as the city’s name allows us to create a general view about a nation’s culture, art and history. Thus, Oïkonyms are the determinants of a topic and of important facts in literary works. Synchronous course of historical facts gives some meaning to the city names and their utilization in literary works creates an emotional background for the reader. In literary texts, Oïkonyms create a special effect as they cause profound and mysterious feelings. The readers’ imagination will determine the meanings of these feelings. Every writer uses the name of a city to create and to identify a concrete cognitive idea in a literary work. As a result, research into the use of Oïkonyms in the context of literary onomastics, with its variety, development and multilateral perception, is a developing field of research.

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Rhetorical Styles in Knowledge Communication

Rhetorical Styles in Knowledge Communication

Author(s): Maria Załęska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The author of the article applied the rhetorical framework of three styles (genera dicendi) to highlight some of the communicative practices employed in academic discourse. By utilising the persuasive resources of the plain style, authors focus on the rhetorical purpose of docere/probare, i.e. to teach/to prove. The sober matter-of-factness of the plain style suggests to readers that there is no style at all, convincing them that the content reflects reality without any rhetorical mediation. In choosing the persuasive means of the middle style, researchers combine epistemic and aesthetic goals, trying to reach the rhetoric purpose ofdelectare, i.e. to delight. An engaging style helps them draw readers into intellectually complex issues. The grand style facilitates the reaching of the rhetorical purpose of movere, i.e. to move or induce action. It serves to present science as a helpful resource for readers to make decisions in their lives, hence it is likely to be used by engaged scholars and public intellectuals.

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Linguistic and Stylistic Polyphony of Occasional Journalism

Linguistic and Stylistic Polyphony of Occasional Journalism

Author(s): Maria Wojtak / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The article was intended as an attempt at defining a specific press publication in the form of a genre collection. It was the supplement to the Tygodnik Powszechny weekly (issue 29 of 2018) entitled “Festiwal Stolica Języka Polskiego” [Capital of Polish Language Festival]. The publication utilised the form of a press magazine, as apart from the program of the festival, it also included: an editorial, interviews, reviews, commentaries and the bios of selected festival guests. Thus, it offered a cooccurrence of specific statements in a specific place and time which is typical for such a collection. The whole could be assigned the function of announcing a cultural event (the festival), and the function of promoting it. The author analyses the publication from the discursive perspective, i.e. she focussed on specific communicational practices typical for contemporary press, which form a complex network of strategies, goals and forms of communication, which, in turn, form contemporary journalism. The analytical objective of the paper was to present the communicational polyphony of a specific collection of journalistic expressions, that is which interpret a specific reality and were used for convincing the readers to accept that interpretation. Individual texts were treated as voices, i.e. in types of linguistic actions formed in communicational (pragmatic) and formal terms.

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Семантика и прагматика глагольных форм 
в прозаических текстах А. С. Пушкина

Семантика и прагматика глагольных форм в прозаических текстах А. С. Пушкина

Author(s): Natalia Viktorovna Pushkareva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

The article discusses the peculiarities of the usage of various verb forms in Alexander Pushkin’s prose in the context of the functio­nal styles system formation in the Russian literary language in the 1820s and the 1830s. Such verb forms as finite verbs, participles and gerunds are the objects of the analysis. The study was carried out from the perspective of historical stylistics. The necessity to select language constructions for the creation of non-fictional texts resulted from the emergence of new spheres of activity, as well as from the development of different branches of science, including humanities. Pushkin’s principles of text construction via selecting language units corresponding to the function of the text were implemented in his works. The usage of semantic potential of the verb forms for transmitting the maximum accuracy of necessary meaning in prosaic texts of different genres is demonstrated by the example of his fictional prose and his research work “Pugachev’s History”. The study showed that active and passive participles, gerunds and the verb forms in indefinite-personal sentences in a non-fictional text create remoteness and objectivity, which are typical for the scholarly prose. The usage of finite verbs and gerunds in fictional prose produces a dynamic picture influencing the reader. All these facts are the steps for selecting language units to achieve a pragmatic goal of creating texts of different genres according to the society’s needs.

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Od stilistike do semiotike kulture

Od stilistike do semiotike kulture

Author(s): Adijata Ibrišimović Šabić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 75-76/2019

Review of: Marina Katnić‑Bakaršić, Stil, kultura, semiotika, University Press, Sarajevo, 2019.

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Zu den Lexemen Pomană, Minune und minunati im Siebenbürgisch-Sächsischen
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Zu den Lexemen Pomană, Minune und minunati im Siebenbürgisch-Sächsischen

Author(s): Sigrid Haldenwang / Language(s): German Issue: 23/2009

Dialectul săsesc, care s-a vorbit, sub forma unor graiuri locale autentice, în aproximativ 240 de localități rurale, aparține graiurilor francone de pe cursul mijlociu al Rinului. Bazei vest-francone i s-au adăugat, în cursul colonizării în Transilvania, elemente din Germania centrală de Est și din Sudul Germaniei, cât și cuvinte preluate, în cursul unei îndelungate conviețuiri cu românii și maghiarii din limbile acestora. Lucrarea se referă, în primul rând, la sensurile cuvântului „pomană” în limba română, sensurile cuvântului în graiurile săsești fiind ilustrate prin exemple plastice dialectale. Totodată acest lexem apare și ca determinativ în cuvinte compuse, formarea substantivelor compuse fiind analizată și explicată. Lexemul “minune” este atestat ca substantiv, dar și ca adjectiv și adverb în graiurile săsești cu înțelesuri proprii, originale, preluând sensurile adjectivului „minunat„ din limba română. Adjectivul din graiurile săsești „minunati|“ este format de la adjectivul „minunat“ din limba română păstrându-și sensurile, precum „care surprinde, uimește prin frumusețe“, „excepțional, perfect, admirabil“; dar spre deosebire de limba română este folosit și substantivat, cu sensul de „ceva, de care te minunezi“. Exemplele dialectale săsești sunt localizate, așezările fiind redate integral la sfârșitul lucrării în limba germană și română. Împrumuturile din limba română imprimă graiurilor săsești o notă specifică, un surplus de plasticitate. Graiurile prelucrează tezaurul împrumutat, integrându-l în sistemul fonetic propriu. Integrarea unor cuvinte din limba română în graiurile săsești din Transilvania, în urma unei conviețuiri îndelungate în patria comună, este firească. Prin acest transfer de lexic, dialectul săsesc nu-și pierde caracteristicile unui dialect de proveniență vest-franconă.

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Limbajul popular în textul jurnalistic
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Limbajul popular în textul jurnalistic

Author(s): Ioana-Narcisa Crețu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 22/2008

Die Mediensprache ist längst keine gehobene Sprache mehr. Auch in den Printmedien kommen oft Wörter der Volkssprache vor. Diese dienen den Text stilistisch zu markieren und sind Teil einer Mischung von mündlichen Elementen in der Schriftsprache. Regionalismen können aber auch Ambiguitäten verursachen und sind in diesem Fall Zeichen von Nachlässigkeit und Stilbruch im heutigen Journalismus.

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Für hochdeutsch Gurke, die Bezeichnungen Kratsewets und Audränk in den siebenbürgisch-sächsischen Mundarten
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Für hochdeutsch Gurke, die Bezeichnungen Kratsewets und Audränk in den siebenbürgisch-sächsischen Mundarten

Author(s): Sigrid Haldenwang / Language(s): German Issue: 22/2008

Die Buntscheckigkeit der siebenbürgisch-sächsischen Mundarten ist nicht nur in der Vielfalt und großen Verschiedenheit der einzelnen Mundarten, in den Lautformen des Vokalismus, die von Ort zu Ort oft in erheblichen Maße abweichen, sondern auch im Wortschatz festzustellen. Es gibt Dinge, Sachen, die täglich genannt werden und doch die verschiedensten Bezeichnungen haben. Als Beispiel haben wir die ‘Gurke’ gewählt, eine beliebte Salat- und Gemüsepflanze, lateinisch Cucumis sativus. In den siebenbürgisch-sächsischen Mundarten wird die deutsche Bezeichnung ‘Gurke’ nicht gebraucht. Dafür sind echt mundartlich zwei Lehnlexikate belegt: Krats#wets und Audräµk. Der Gebrauch der Lehnlexikate kann innerhalb der Mundartlandschaft verschieden sein. Häufig ist ein bestimmtes Lehnlexikat nur für Südsiebenbürgen bezeugt wie Krats#wets, ein anderes nur für Nordsiebenbürgen, wie Audräµk. Wenn einem muttersprachlichen Begriff, der in der Mundart nicht belegt ist, mehrere fremdsprachige Bezeichnungen entsprechen, entlehnt der Mundartsprecher logischerweise das Fremdwort, das in seiner Umgebung vorherrschend ist.

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Czego bronimy, broniąc języka? O możliwych przyczynach niechęci do wyrazów zapożyczonych
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Czego bronimy, broniąc języka? O możliwych przyczynach niechęci do wyrazów zapożyczonych

Author(s): Mirosław Bańko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 05/2014

Loanwords are an object of dislike for many people. It is important to understand the causes of this aversion: it can help shape proper attitudes towards language and even increase social acceptance for changes in the extra-linguistic reality. This paper presents a hypothesis that the actual cause of aversion to loanwords is not the officially declared factors, e.g. patriotic, theoretical linguistic, teaching, or stylistic ones, as these motives can only result from rationalization of the attitudes represented by people who are unaware of the causes of their behaviors. The actual cause of aversion to loanwords, at least in the case of certain people, can be their unreadiness to open to changes in language and, in broader terms, in the social environement, which results from sociological and psychological factors. Arguments for the thesis, which are presented in this paper, are derived from research conducted by sociologists, psychologists and linguists.

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Wielka litera w tekstach urzędowych. Wybrane problemy związane ze stosowaniem kryterium znaczeniowego
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Wielka litera w tekstach urzędowych. Wybrane problemy związane ze stosowaniem kryterium znaczeniowego

Author(s): Małgorzata Gębka-Wolak,Iwona Kaproń-Charzyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2020

This paper discusses the orthographic standard of the modern Polish language as regards capitalization. On selected examples, we point to the fact that the general nature of orthographic rules governing capitalization makes them ignore numerous phenomena characteristic of the economic and legal sphere. The absence of an up-to-date and diverse sample material illustrating the individual rules, in turn, hampers making prescriptive decisions with regard to the spelling of specific expressions from the domain of the latest official Polish language. As a consequence, the mismatch between codification and usage increases, which is exemplified in the analytical part of the paper. The conducted research leads to the conclusion that such standardization of the spelling of specialist varieties of Polish as satisfies the needs of its users is an urgent matter.

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Strategie grzecznościowe w akcie mowy KONDOLENCJE (na materiale polsko- i niemieckojęzycznym)
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Strategie grzecznościowe w akcie mowy KONDOLENCJE (na materiale polsko- i niemieckojęzycznym)

Author(s): Dominika Janus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2020

CONDOLENCE, as an act of courtesy, belongs to acts of speech which might give rise to face threatening acts (FTA) and the resulting conflicts. On the one hand, the face of the mourner, who must find his or her way in the new extremely difficult situation, is threatened; on the other hand, the face of the speaker, whose task is to react properly to the fact of someone’s death, is threatened. What is helpful in avoiding conflicts is politeness strategies used by both senders and recipients. They constitute the research material excerpted from Polish and German obituaries and entries in books of condolence. The author of this paper has proved that both parties signalize there both positive politeness, which arises from the need of appreciation and support, and negative politeness, which is connected with the need of unlimited autonomy of acting. The nature of the performed analysis is pragmalinguistic and is based on the politeness theory of P. Brown and S.C. Levinson [1987], the focus of which is the concept of face understood as an image or representation.

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S ALISOM DO ZEMLJE ČUDA I NATRAG Kontrastivna lingvostilistička analiza jakih pozicija u Carrollovu romanu „Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” i njihovih hrvatskih prijevoda

S ALISOM DO ZEMLJE ČUDA I NATRAG Kontrastivna lingvostilistička analiza jakih pozicija u Carrollovu romanu „Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” i njihovih hrvatskih prijevoda

Author(s): Anita Runjić-Stoilova,Barbara Smajić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 8/2016

This paper deals with Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland as well as its Croatian translations by Antun Šoljan and Predrag Raos. The emphasis is on the linguistic and stylistic analyses of the original and its Croatian translations, noting the differences and similarities between the two. The theoretical part of the paper deals with children’s literature with an emphasis on the problem of its definition as well as its dual function and literary audience. Moreover, the position of Carroll’s novel within this genre is examined, noting which characteristics enabled it to establish itself as a pivotal work of fiction within the genre. Since this paper deals with Croatian translations of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, the problems and dilemmas concerned with translating a piece of literature are explored in addition to noting the factors which make translating this novel a challenging task for its translators. The second part of the paper deals with the linguistic and stylistic analyses of Carroll’s novel and its Croatian translations, focusing primarily on the phonetic and semantic levels and layers of the text. Through the prism of the so called strong positions of the novel, namely its title, the titles of the chapters, names of the characters and language games and experiments, the aim of this paper is to establish how and to what purpose Carroll uses the semantic and linguistic potentials of language. Also, the aim is to examine how Raos and Šoljan dealt with the challenge of translating Carroll’s unique style into Croatian and how their translations work within the context of the novel.

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