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Ideologicko-persuazívne prejavy v publicistických titulkoch denníka Pravda v 60. rokoch

Author(s): Patrícia Molnárová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2020

The contemporary newspaper headlines in the form of an individual part of the journalistic text fulfil, in addition to the basic information and orientation functions, also the function of evaluation, persuasion or manipulation. The tendencies of the latter result from the political and ideological context. In the 1960’s, the manifestations of ideology were reflected in the overlap with the linguistic sphere, creating a specific form of the language of socialism. The extralingual overlap of ideology into language was applied in connection with formal shape and semantics of newspaper headlines in a nationwide political press of Communist Party in Slovakia. The aim of the paper is to identify, analyse and interpret the persuasive and ideologically determined elements in the analytical journalism in Pravda newspaper in the years 1961 – 1970. The research focuses both on a typographic depiction of headlines and of the occurrence, application and function of language in a lexical, semantic and stylistic level.

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Slovenská vlogosféra v kontexte jazykových prostriedkov a komunikačných aspektov (so zameraním na anglicizmy)

Author(s): Romana Krolčíková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The Slovak vlogosphere is a communication virtual space, in which linguistic and paralinguistic means of language, as well as various forms of verbal and nonverbal communication in the context of the domestic communication environment, have become conventionalized. In this context, vloggers, who record and publish videos via the online YouTube portal, are characterized by a significant variability of means of expression, especially in the area of emotional and expressive expressions, which manifest one of the forms of expression of the individual identity presented in their videos. The aim of the article is to present the key communication features of the video blog, influencing the use of language means in the monitored communications. We find out how these characteristics influence the use of linguistic means. These features are described and demonstrated with authentic examples, focusing on the use of Anglicisms.

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Construcții cu verbul a tăcea în poezia lui Traian Dorz

Author(s): Florina-Maria BĂCILĂ / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

Our paper aims to analyse some aspects regarding phrases with the verb a tăcea in Traian Dorz’s poetry – a Romanian contemporary writer whose work illustrates, overall, the meanings of some spiritual experiences that fundamentally marked his existential path. We will consider the fact that, in several verbal phrases, a tăcea changes its common characteristics, occasionally meeting transitive use, and it associates with direct objects expressed by nominals in the accusative case. Other times, various pronominal clitics appear next to it, used even with ethical dative value. More than once, the lyrical sequences also integrate antonyms of this verb, in symmetries with an essential role in obtaining some obvious stylistic effects and, implicitly, in building the message of that specific poem, which relies on highlighting the relation between man and God – in a Christian vision –, on the direct dialogue of the soul with the Divine, a fact often manifested, paradoxically, through the absence of communication (commonly seen). Overall, we discuss a special type of “verbalising”, as a special manner of interior “speaking”, which offers the opportunity to live in an authentic spiritual discipline: it supresses any other form of confessing with words, these being substituted, thus, by an entire universe of unique experiences, situated under the sign of the unspoken.

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Jazykovo-štylistické dominanty slovenských piesňových textov (hitov z rokov 1993 – 2022)

Author(s): Lena Ivančová,Andrea Čurošová Gavalcová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

The study elucidates the linguistic and stylistic dominants of 60 lyrics of popular songs from 1993 – 2022 in Slovakia. The research is focused on the characteristics of preferred lexical and morphological stylemes on a wider motivic-semantic background and on the analysis of syntactic-phonic dominants of song lyrics. The research has shown that the authors of song lyrics rarely reach for book words, poetically sounding phrases and general statements, they mostly build their texts on dynamic replicas, or internal monologues of the characters of the songs, which are often transformed into fictitious dialogues, or replicas directed to another character. The significant representation (frequent repetition) of highly frequent lexemes confirms the motivic kinship and the relatively small content-thematic variability of these lyrics. Many contrasts appear in them, antonyms of different types, which fulfill the function of perceptually simple problem elements. Versological symmetry and regularity of rhyming schemes is often disturbed by asymmetric syntactic-phonic structures.

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STYLE - FUNDAMENTAL CATEGORY OF STYLISTICS

Author(s): Valentina Andreea Popovici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

Journalistic style represents a part of language, a type of communication through which various specific acts of communication are interpreted. Regardless of the means or the way in which communication is carried out through the journalistic language, over time the journalistic style has developed in close connection with logical thinking. It can be regarded as one of the most important inventions of humanity, because it is based on the concept of exchanging information in real time, a concept without which the human species would not have the knowledge capacity that it benefits from at the current stage.

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ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМИ У НЕМАЧКОМ ФИЛМУ "ПОСЛЕДЊЕ ПОГУБЉЕЊЕ" И ЊИХОВ ПРЕВОД НА СРПСКИ ЈЕЗИК

Author(s): Biljana M. Kovac Bejin / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 83/2024

Phraseologismen stellen in jeder Art von Übersetzung eine besondere Schwierigkeit dar, einerseits wegen der formellen Eigenschaften, ander- erseits wegen der semantischen Aspekte wie Bildhaftigkeit und Expressivität. In audiovisuellen Übersetzungen, genauer in der Untertitelung, kommen zu den sonst auftretenden Schwierigkeiten auch die Charakteristika dieser Art der Übersetzung dazu, da diese nämlich räumlich und zeitlich eingeschränkt sind und dadurch die Wahl der Übersetzungsstrategien stark beeinflussen. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Analyse der Phraseologismen, die im deutschen Film Nahschuss vorkommen, und damit, auf welche Art und Weise diese innerhalb der Untertitel in die serbische Sprache übersetzt wurden. Dabei wurden sie in sechs Kategorien eingeteilt und zwar nach den angewandten Übersetzungsstrategien, die Labarta Postigo definiert hat. Die Analyse hat gezeigt, dass die meisten Phraseologis- men mithilfe der Strategie Explicit Meaning übersetzt wurden, und zwar 65 Prozent der Beispiele. Diese Strategie kommt aus dem Grund häufig zur Anwendung, weil sie ÜbersetzerInnen erlaubt, die explizite Bedeutung der Phraseologismen in jenen Fällen beizubehalten, in denen nicht alle Aspekte des Idioms übertragen werden können. Dadurch wurden jedoch an einigen Stellen die semantischen Besonderheiten nicht beibehalten, was die Rezeption der Zuschauer, die den Film mithilfe von der Übersetzung in Untertiteln verfolgen müssen, beeinträchtigt.

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THE FUNCTIONAL AND ARTISTIC DIMENSIONS OF CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES: FROM ESPERANTO TO NA’VI, KLINGON, AND TOLKIEN’S ELVISH LANGUAGES

Author(s): Bettina Ene / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

THIS PAPER DELVES INTO THE WORLD OF CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES, TRACING THEIR ORIGINS, FUNCTIONS, AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE. OUR INQUIRY FOCUSES ON THE PURPOSES AND CHALLENGES THEREROF, CONSIDERING BOTH THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS AND ARTISTIC ALLURE. A KEY COMPONENT OF THE DISCUSSION IS A COMPARISON BETWEEN ESPERANTO — DESIGNED TO PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION — WITH THE CINEMATIC LANGUAGES NA’VI AND KLINGON FEATURED IN “AVATAR“ AND “STAR TREK”. THE STUDY ALSO EXPLORES ICONIC LITERARY LANGUAGES, SUCH AS J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S ELVISH LANGUAGES, QUENYA AND SINDARIN, AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON LITERATURE AND LINGUISTICS. ADDITIONALLY, THE CINEMATIC LANGUAGES NA’VI AND KLINGON ARE EXAMINED WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR RESPECTIVE MEDIA PRODUCTIONS. WHILE CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES ARE OFTEN ENCOUNTERED IN FICTIONAL SETTINGS, THEY SERVE DIVERSE FUNCTIONS, RANGING FROM INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION TO ARTISTIC EXPRESSION. THE STUDY CONCLUDES THAT THE ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGES OFFERS INTRIGUING ACADEMIC PERSPECTIVES AND HOLDS SIGNIFICANT SCHOLARLY RELEVANCE, PARTICULARLY IN UNDERSTANDING THEIR INTEGRATION INTO VARIOUS CINEMATIC PROJECTS.

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A szavak becsülete

Author(s): Rita Pletl / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2024

The topic of this study is related to a slice of the online press stylistic analysis, delimited by lexicology, semantics and stylistics. My aim is to investigate the relationship between word choice and word reporting in Transylvanian Hungarian online media news texts from the perspective of appropriateness. By using the structure in the title (“honesty of words”), referring to Karinthy’s pamphlet, I want to emphasize that I am attempting to map the cases of word report development (change, modification) that “damage” the credibility of words; that may be considered as rule-breaking because the deviation of the occasional meaning from the usual one does not result in a stylistic effect, but in an imprecise, confused or unintelligible linguistic expression.

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SHËTITJE KADAREANE NÉ MUZGUN E MOSKËS

Author(s): Mateo Mandalà / Language(s): Italian Issue: 02/2023

In una recente intervista, alla domanda «Nga librat që keni shkruar, cilin parapëlqeni më shumë ose është më kuptimplotë për ju?» [Dei vostri libri, quale preferite o ritenete il più significativo?], Kadare ha risposto senza esitazioni: «Muzgu i perëndive të stepës» [Il Crepuscolo degli dei della steppa], pur non offrendo, almeno in questa circostanza, alcuna spiegazione («nuk e di pse» [“non so il perché”])1. In verità lo scrittore albanese in diverse altre occasioni aveva già giustificato, se non proprio quella che appare come una sua preferenza, almeno la centralità che il romanzo in parola - che talora definiremo “moscovita” - occupa nel contesto dell’evoluzione deWIsmailand a partire dal momento cruciale che abbraccia il decennio compreso tra la metà degli anni ’60 e ’70 del Novecento.

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The Sounds of Conflict: Lexical Representation of Anger in Listening Activities from Modern ELT Coursebooks

Author(s): Łukasz Matusz / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2024

Modern coursebooks serve a fundamental function in contemporary ELT practice. This paper discusses the problem of the lexical representation of anger in listening activities from selected ELT coursebooks issued by leading publishing companies. Twelve coursebooks from three internationally recognized ELT series for adult learners of English were analysed for the conflictive dialogues presented in their audio materials, as well as for the ways in which the anger of the Speaker(s) was expressed. The result of the analysis shows that Speakers’ anger was primarily represented by exclamations followed by a much more limited use of nonverbal vocalisations. No instances of swearing and expletive interjections, a common way of expressing negative emotions in everyday informal communication, were found in the dataset. The analysis confirms some of the observations and criticisms concerning the global ELT coursebooks. While understanding publishers’ caution and refraining from advocating unrestricted use of taboo language in recorded ELT materials, this paper points to the importance of realistic representation of conflictive and argumentative interpersonal communication, not just for the aim of presenting different contexts of English use, but also for the practical applications beyond the realm of foreign language learning.

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ФРАЗЕОЛОШКИТЕ ИЗРАЗИ КАЈ МЛАДИТЕ НА ИНТЕРНЕТ

Author(s): Sunchica TRIFUNOVSKA JANIC / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 22-23/2024

This paper aims to present the most common phraseological expressions of young speakers of the Macedonian language on the Internet. We will pay special attention to the phrases from the Tetovo speech, which abound with dialectal material that is a source of information about the folk culture, customs and traditions of our ancestors. For the purposes of the work, 30 young people of different ages were surveyed, where the most interesting and most common phraseological expressions were extracted. One of the most common phraseological expressions is Pumpkin green, ‘Тиква зелена’ (unripe human), and He threw the measure at him, ‘Му го фрли меракот’ (he likes it).

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PRAGMATIC AND SOCIOCULTURAL ADAPTATION IN LITERARY TRANSLATION

Author(s): Zorica Trajkova Strezovska,Milan Damjanoski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

When translating a text written for a target audience with a different cultural background, the text necessarily undergoes pragmatic and sociocultural modification and adaptation. Pragmatically, the source text elements need modification to meet the needs of the new cultural and linguistic environment or the communicative situation (Zauberga 1994), and the target language audience (Neubert and Shreve 1992). Socioculturally, the peculiarities of a source text which may trigger sociocultural adaptation (Chang 2009, 95) are the different temporal and spatial perceptions of reality, the difference in the way notions are conceptualized, the syntactic and discourse organization of the two languages, as well as the choice of lexis. This article presents a pragmatic and rhetorical analysis aiming to unveil the pragmatic and sociocultural adaptations 10 students had to make when translating a short story from Macedonian into English. In addition, the students responded to a survey in which they described the challenges they faced while translating. The research highlighted the importance of thorough analysis of socio-cultural differences, pragmatic adaptations, and the context-based vs. language-based problems. Explicit instruction during translation classes is necessary to help raise students’ awareness of the problems that might arise due to lack of sociocultural background knowledge and pragmatic failure.

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КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНА МЕТАФОРА «ЛЮДИНА ТА СУСПІЛЬСТВО» В ТЕКСТАХ ЗМІ НА МАТЕРІАЛІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ТА АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВ

Author(s): Oksana Nazarenko,Nadia Kabantseva / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2024

The article provides a comparative analysis of the conceptual metaphor "Person and Society" in mass media texts on the material of the Ukrainian and English languages. A metaphor is a tool for thinking and knowing the world, it reflects fundamental cultural values. The cognitive-semantic content of the conceptual metaphor "Person and Society" makes it possible to divide it into four frames that are common to both studied languages: "War and Crime", "Medicine", "Sports and Games", and "Culture and Art". The conceptual metaphors of the "War and Crime" frame refer to war and its varieties, military actions, weapons, criminals and their victims, and places of imprisonment. The frame "Medicine" includes metaphors depicting various diseases, their treatment, names of drugs, as well as nominations of patients and staff and names of medical institutions. The frame "Sports and Games" combines metaphorical expressions indicating sports and its terminology, athletes and their qualifications, the results of sports competitions, as well as the names of games and their rules. The frame "Culture and Art" is the basis of metaphors, focused on the elements of creative artistic activity, education and science, which depict theater, visual arts, literature, as well as music and cinema. It should be noted that the frame "Economics and Finance" is frequently used in the English mass media texts and is almost never found in the Ukrainian mass media. The framework "Economics and Finance" includes the concepts of financial and economic activity, which are based on the appropriate terminology during verbalization.

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DEIXISUL ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ ȘI ÎN LITERATURA PENTRU COPII

Author(s): Teodora LEON / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

Deixis constitutes a captivating system of terms which do not have a “fixed” point of reference, since they rely on the conversational context of two or more speakers and their subsequent body language. Such words constantly occur in our day-to-day talks and they can denote various elements, from time and space to other people known by all the parties engaged in the respective discussion. Since we are dealing with a spoken dialogue, one may end up wondering whether deictic terms can be easily detected in written texts, as well. The situation does get trickier, but simultaneously more intriguing, and we are to reach the conclusion that deictic items are most effective when they are accompanied by visual aids. The following article will explore deixis starting from the mentioned premise and resorting to examples from contemporary picture books for children, written either by Romanian authors or foreign ones. The main purpose is to trace how illustrations provide a favourable medium for deictic expressions to arise, filling certain “gaps” inside the texts, so as to ensure that the story’s message and intentions are passed on successfully to the readers. The selection of examples will cover three types of usage of deictic words, specifically the symbolic one (which requires the speakers to be aware of the temporal and spatial framework of their conversation), the gestural one (which includes, as the name already suggests, the speakers’ gestures, in order to indicate the referent) and the mixed one (which is simply a combination of the first two types).

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Vocabularul deţinătorilor puterii suverane din timpul crizei de la mijlocul veacului al III-lea în breuiaria istoriografice latine târzii

Author(s): Cozmin-Valerian Broşteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: LII/2023

This study capitalizes information referring to the crisis from the middle IIIrd century that originates from a category of Latin sources neglected by historians, namely the Latin historiographical breuiaria written in the second half of the IVth century: Historiae abbreuiatae (Liber de Caesaribus) by Sextus Aurelius Victor, Breuiarium ab Urbe condita by Flavius Eutropius, Breuiarium rerum gestarum populi Romani written by Rufius Festus, and Epitome de Caesaribus which is attributed to an unknown author, generically called Pseudo-Aurelius Victor. Despite the fact that they are operas with a reduced content, they painted concisely different aspects of the Roman history, including the crisis timeline. Thus, we set out to identify and analyze the terms used by the breviators in order to point towards the owners of the sovereign powers during the time of the crisis. More specifically, it is about terms such as Augustus, Caesar, imperator, princeps, dominus and rector. Basing our efforts on a comparison between their incidence within the period before and after the crisis, we will try to outline particular aspects of the use of these appellations for the time of crisis.

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FLORISTIC LIST AND ETYMOLOGICAL COMMENTS BASED ON CASES OF FOLK PLANT ETYMOLOGY

Author(s): Andrei-Ionuț Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 39/2024

The aim of this article is to present, in the form of a floristic inventory, cases of phytonyms resulted by folk etymology, how the phytonymic terms are transparent from the perspective of the theory of the linguistic sign motivation and how they are related to the extralinguistic, how the individual creations manage to spread on a more or less restricted territory.

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GRAMATIČKE I ZNAČENJSKE OSOBITOSTI POTVRDNO-NEGACIJSKIH PITANJA U SASTAVU INFINITNIH IMENSKIH SKUPINA U SAVREMENOME TURSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Edina Solak,Mirza Bašić,Merjema Čavalić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2024

This paper analyzes grammatical and semantic features of Turkish interrogative infinitive noun phrases containing polar questions. The primary aim of the paper is to determine, based on contextual examples, how root interrogative sentences containing neutral and focused polar questions are transformed into infinitive noun phrases through the process of nominalization. In the contrastive analysis, Turkish interrogative infinitive noun phrases with neutral and focused polar questions are compared with semantically similar syntactic structures in Bosnian language.

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Reklama – stil, žanr, diskurz

Author(s): Krešimir Bagić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2023

In Slavic philologies, advertisements were mostly studied within the framework of functional stylistics, where they were usually classified within the administrative (administrative-business) or the journalistic (journalistic-publicistic) style. Outside the Slavic area, in the West, advertising is most often studied within the framework of rhetoric, communication theory, pragmatics, semiotics and sociology. There, the notions of discourse, genre or register usually denote its irreducibility. Advertising is a complex, comprehensive and allusive discourse characterized by disguise. It adopts different types of textualization (description, story, dialogue, exposition) and modes of expression (verbal language, sound, typography, gesture, image, color, composition). It imitates or repeats, in a non-literal way, numerous types of statements (sentence, aphorism, poem, letter, dictionary entry, news, riddle, anecdote, fairy tale, fable, music video, movie, a work of art or musical work, sculpture, comic, caricature, etc.). Advertising annexes other discourses (Baudrillard 1975) and parasitizes on their sounds (Cook 1992). Marc Bonhomme (2014) summarized the genre paradox of advertising as follows: advertising is more effective the less it is recognized as advertising.

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Archaizmy leksykalne dotyczące pola tematycznego KULINARIA w gwarach śląskich

Author(s): Lidia Przymuszała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2024

The subject of the observations made in the article are old lexemes related to the thematic field CULINARY (documented in lexicons of historical Polish language, mostly unknown to the users of the contemporary language, which have been preserved in Silesian dialects to this day. The aim of the study is to present and discuss these lexemes from different thematic fields (such as NAMES OF DISHES AND THEIR INGREDIENTS; NAMES OF FURNITURE AND KITCHEN FACILITIES; NAMES OF DISHWARE; NAMES OF MEAL; NAMES OF ACTIVITIES RELATED TO EATING), showing their historical continuity, as well as demonstrating formal and semantic relations between the old word and the dialect. The material basis of the text constitute 45 selected lexemes concerning widely understood culinary, which were excerpted from Leksykon dziedzictwa kulinarnego Śląska [Lexicon of the Culinary Heritage of Silesia] (by Lidia Przymuszała and Dorota Świtała-Trybek), as well as Słownik gwar śląskich [Dictionary of Silesian Dialects] (ed. Bogusław Wyderka). The text meets with the postulate of the needs for research on dialectal culinary vocabulary and on the linguistic history of Polish cuisine, combining both of these issues.

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Cătălina Bălinișteanu-Furdu, Plant and Animal Metaphors as
Signs of Proto-Ecofeminism, Hartung-Gorre Verlag, Konstanz/
Germania, 2024

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Cătălina Bălinișteanu-Furdu, Plant and Animal Metaphors as Signs of Proto-Ecofeminism, Hartung-Gorre Verlag, Konstanz/ Germania, 2024

Author(s): Mariana Tîrnăuceanu / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2024

This article is a book review of Cătălina Bălinișteanu-Furdu, PLANT AND ANIMAL METAPHORSAS SIGNS OF PROTO-ECOFEMINISM, Hartung-Gorre Verlag, Konstanz/ Germania, 2024.

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