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Several newly created verbs and the corresponding newly formed participles are analyzed. An attempt has been made on the basis of examples and statistics of their uses to assume their place in the dictionary of the contemporary Bulgarian.
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The study outlines some of the problems related to the description of foreign elements in cognate languages from the Polish dictionary i.e. Słownik wileński. In borderland areas there are differences specific to Polish, Belorussian, Ukrainian and Russian languages, which come from the Proto-Slavic language community. The article proposes to interpret and specify the semantics of separate lexemes functioning in the eastern borderlands during the 19th century.
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Hermann Kinder’s novel contains a conspicuous number of phraseological elements, which is unusual for the writing style of this author. The article describes the accumulation of phraseological and idiomatic material and its usage as a literary stylistic resource. The analysis focuses on the relation of the linguistic appearance and the aesthetic function of the phraseologisms. Therefore, the article intends to contribute to an interdisciplinary method of interpretation, linking linguistic and literary studies. It also includes psychoanalytic concepts to describe the author’s specific linguistic expression of his autobiographical experience of illness. The aesthetic function of the phraseologisms and idiomatic phrases changes in relation to the novel’s progress. In the beginning, collocations increase the cohesion of the text in order to create an image of health. When the disease becomes more and more evident, the emotional affection of the protagonist is being controlled by formulistic linguistic elements. In addition, the author unmasks the pragmatic automatism of the medical language and the failure of its empathetic function by ironically evoking the ambiguity of idiomatic phrases. As a contrast, the narrator refers back to a comforting symbolic language by using linguistic patterns of fairy tales as an imitation of phraseological components. As a result, the analysis indicates that the inclusion of phraseological material in this literary pathobiography seems to provide a linguistic space of shelter for the suffering protagonist.
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In this paper, we examine the question of the verbalization of fear and its translation from Modern Greek into French. The target texts of our analysis are of two types: translations of experienced translators and translations of Cypriot learners. We study data from the analysis of our translation corpus and we question the conceptualisation of the emotion of fear.
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Idioms containing ethnonyms found in the dialects of Bulgarian villages in Bessarabia, Ukraine, are analyzed in the article. An attempt to find equivalents in the lexicographic sources in Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Russian phraseology was made. The frequency of their use was studied, as well as the degree of the motivation for their nomination in the following classification.
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The aim of the article is to present contemporary Belarusian dialects in south-eastern Lithuania (in the Vilnius region), which have been the subject of linguistic research but not comprehensive. The basis of the analysis is mainly the author’s own materials, materials taped by other dialectologists and dictionary entitled Слоўнік беларускіх гаворак паўночна-заходняй Беларусі і яе пагранічча. The structure of these Belarusian dialects (selected features in phonetics, morphology, syntax, vocabulary and phraseology) as well as the sociolinguistic aspect of their use in a multilingual environment are demonstrated in this article. The analysis of the collected material shows that the structure of Belarusian dialects in the study area is well-preserved. Belarusian dialectologists regard the Belarusian dialect in Vilnius Region as a southwestern dialect, which should be described in detail. In the statement of interlocutors, one can note the phonetic, morphological and syntactic features typical for: the south-western dialect, the Central Belarusian subdialects, the Grodno-Baranavichy group of the south-western dialect and the two so-called dialectal zones: western and north-western. Local Belarusian dialects have been influenced by Baltic and Polish for hundreds of years and we can notice numerous borrowings from these and their dialects.
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This paper examines the grammatical structure of Romanian/ English codeswitching in the speech of a ten-year-old bilingual child. The analyzed data set consists of single-word switches and phrases, the main focus of the paper being the morphological integration of these English elements in Romanian and the relations they establish with their larger syntactic environment. Using the principles of the Matrix Language Frame model developed by Myers-Scotton (2002, 2006), we show that the structural integrity of Romanian is maintained during codeswitching, and that the English material is used according to the rules imposed by the Romanian grammar. Although Romanian inflectional morphology is often absent on switched words and phrases, the placement of these elements in the grammatical frame of the sentence follows matrix language specifications and word order; moreover, function words in mixed constituents, such as determiners and prepositions, tend to come from Romanian.
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The current paper takes a comparative look at a selection of Japanese proverbs and their translation into English to their Romanian equivalents. The English translation belongs to David Galeff, the author of the book ‘Japanese Proverbs. Wit and Wisdom’ from which stems the selection of proverbs which are the object of the current analysis. The Romanian translation applies two methods. It tries to find an equivalent in Romanian, both in terms of wit i.e. wording or sense and in terms of wisdom i.e. meaning or reference. As such the two perspectives of analysis are semantic and pragmatic. The aim is firstly to find an equivalent in meaning and reference to a relevant wisdom inspired by reality and life. If such an equivalent is not found, alternative translations are attempted using other translation procedures,such as modulation or even adaptation. The theoretical framework used is the one Vinay and Dalbernet outlined in their ‘Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A Methodology for Translation’. This is a translational attempt to look towards the East and towards the West and see how different and how similar they are in the way they understand life and express that understanding. The aim of the analysis is to see to what extent it can identify corresponding ways of wording or equivalent forms of expression in Romanian for the wit and the wisdom incapsulated in the Japanese proverbs, via the English language.
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La ville de Timișoara a occupé une place importante dans la politique de la démarcation du Royaume des Serbes, Croates et Slovènes lors de la conférence de paix à Paris. Les revendications territoriales du Gouvernement yougoslave et de sa délégation à Paris envers Timișoara et ses environs sont justifiées par les victoires et la force militaires, la loi historique ainsi que les attitudes et les souhaits de la population de la zone contestée. Cependant, il est également essentiel de savoir quel rôle l’opinion publique du Royaume de la SCS a joué à cet égard. Afin de créer une image de l’importance de cette ville pour les Serbes, la presse accorde une attention particulière aux épithètes et aux syntagmes qui décrivent Timișoara. Cette agglomération y a été décrite positivement et poétiquement. Dans la presse elle est présentée par comme exemple: «la perle de Banat» ou «la clé de Banat»… C’est pourquoi dans notre article nous présenterons et expliquerons de nombreuses épithètes que les auteurs ont utilisées en écrivant sur Timișoara dans les années d'après-guerre. Nous donnerons un contexte historique plus large qui montre l’importance de cette ville d’appartenir au Royaume de SCS.
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Cet ouvrage fait partie d'une série d'ouvrages des auteurs qui visent à enquêter sur ces sphères d'activités rurales des habitants de Caraşova, plus précisément, ces professions et métiers qui, dans les conditions d'une mondialisation de plus en plus accélérée, sont menacés d'extinction ou ont déjà disparu. Dans la partie introductive du document, il y a quelques clarifications sur l'enquête sur le terrain et les informateurs, sur les moulins et la meunerie à Carașova, la plus grande localité de Carașoveni, indiquant également que l'objectif principal de cette recherche est d'inventorier les termes et le lexique liés à la meunerie, contribuant ainsi à leur préservation et à leur sauvetage de l'extinction. Le contenu proprement dit de l'article consiste en la présentation du matériel collecté et son analyse afin d'indiquer l'origine de la terminologie et du lexique dans ce domaine de l'activité carasovienne et de voir dans quelle mesure d'autres langues ont influencé ce segment du. lexique carasovien.
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Review of: Big phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. Meaning. Use. cultural commentary. (Ed. V.N. Teliya.) Moscow, AST-Press book, 2006. 784 p.
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The peoples living in the Balkans significantly have been influencing each other, borrowing numerous cultural and linguistic phenomena. In the course of convergent development it determined the formation of the Balkan cultural and linguistic landscape. The idioms with the meaning of blessing and curse in the Balkan Slavic languages in comparison with the non-Slavic Albanian and Romanian ones are in the centre of the analysis. The correspondences demonstrate a high degree of interlingual and intercultural interaction of the neighboring peoples, although there are significant differences in the forms of the corresponding idioms in different Balkan languages.
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The aim of this article is to examine the difficulties faced by any analysis of lexical meaning. This study concerns the French noun journal and the diversity of interpretative effects. Magdalena Perz investigates different approaches adopted by linguists—notion of lexical facets, dense metonymy when analysing semantic complexity of certain words. The problems of word senses and word sense description are vividly discussed, yet there are still many questions, such as relations between linguistics forms and extralinguistic reality to be answered in this field of research. The major problem arising from polysemy is the precise distinction between polysemy, metonymy and various theoretical tools developed in the field of lexical semantics.
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Phraseology is more or less a way to express differences in traditions and beliefs of different nations. The aim of present work is to analize the productivity of Somatic phraseological units ((SPhU) in Bulgarian and Japanese languages and their national and cultural specifics as well as to determine the basic spheres in which SPhU differ. Generally, these spheres can be classified as: differences in cuisine and manners of eating; different points of view; different ways to use hyperbole; different points of evaluation; differences in customs; different specific national goods etc.; difference in religions; different SPhU that come from superstitions; differences in metaphors and direct comparisons, difference in degrees of irony.
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The stereotypical image of Bulgarian people in the Italian mind often has a negative connotation. There are no definite reasons for the pejorative attitude, but the ethnonym bulgaro is part of several stable word combinations or basis for word formation with negative semantics. In general, toponyms and anthroponyms containing the stem bulgaro are devoid of connotation.
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This paper examines some Bulgarian phrases, idioms, proverbs, and sayings related to being cunning. The linguocultural analysis points to a close relationship between intellect and cunning in the Bulgarian linguistic picture of the world. The research also shows that the Bulgarian phrases, idioms, proverbs, and sayings related to being cunning have mainly positive connotations in the Bulgarian mentality.
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Some researchers name Latin a "dead language" which saves the living. However, we consider the phrase a dead language to be untrue, because the perpetuation of the Latin language is demonstrated and ensured, first of all, by Latin aphorisms and phrases, which reflect human existential values and assume the role of Genus Universalis. This article proposes the analysis of Latin aphorisms and phrases from the three-dimensionality perspective: ontology, gnoseology and deontology. At the same time, criteria for classifying Latin aphorisms and phrases are proposed.
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The aim of this paper is to linguistically analyse lexicalized pair formulae in contemporary German. The study brings together distinctive structural, prosodic and semantic features of binomial expressions and emphasizes their formulaic character in several respects. Their specific stylistic and pragmatic functions will also be discussed. As memorable linguistic means, such fixed form idioms may be assigned to the cognitive domain of intensification and attention-getting.
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This scientific article examines the use of idiomatic expressions in the press as a means to captivate readers. Idiomatic expressions are phrases or linguistic constructions specific to a given language, whose meaning cannot be understood literally. They add a humorous, subtle, and lively dimension to press articles, thereby attracting and retaining readers' attention. In this article, we explore how journalists use these expressions to create catchy headlines and impactful formulations, and we analyze the different nuances of humor and subtlety they convey. We also study the impact of these idiomatic expressions on how readers perceive and interpret the information presented in the articles. By using concrete examples from the press, we highlight the importance of appropriately using idiomatic expressions to arouse readers' interest and engagement.
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The paper discusses cross-linguistic interference observed while studying Latin humiliatio, humilitas (and additionally homagium, venia) and Old Polish pokora, referring to the statutory and customary legal practice of ‘public humiliation of the culprit, most often the murderer, and their request for forgiveness’. The research focuses on the linguistic and socio-cultural changes that made the juridical meaning of humiliatio, humilitas emerge. The paper offers a diachronic analysis of the development of a set of words that share the root humil*, followed by a synchronic study of the vocabulary attested in Old Polish, Old Czech, and in Medieval Latin used in other countries. The article discusses linguistic and socio-cultural factors that might have contributed to the development of the juridical sense of humiliatio, humilitas in Medieval Latin in Poland, and concludes with a hypothesis that the described sense emerged as a calque of one of the senses of the Polish word pokora.
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