Serbian and Croatian attempts to divide Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to realize their own hegemonic ideas

Author(s): Amir Kliko,Muamer Džananović,Zilha Mastalić Košuta / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2021

The authors follow the development of hegemonic ideas of Serbia and Croatia since their origins in the 19th century and attempts of their realization to the detriment of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the end of the 20th century. In the centre of attention of the presented work is the formation of the “Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna” on November 18, 1991 and the “Republika Srpska of Bosnia and Herzegovina ” on January 9, 1992 as hegemonic projects of Croatia and Serbia in their joint and agreed attempt of destruction, demolition and mutual division of territory Bosnia and Herzegovina, the consequences of which are crimes of genocide and other forms of war crimes against Bosniaks.

Dominantnost grupne pozicije i antibošnjačka predrasuda u ideologiji srpskog nacionalizma

Author(s): Asim Delibašić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2022

Ethnic cleansing often takes the form of social revolutions involving large numbers of ordinary people. Such participation of the broad masses would be impossible without the presence of a strong ethnic prejudice that motivates a common man to contribute to this collectivist crime. Blumer's theory of group position suggests that ethnic/racial prejudice occurs as a reaction to the perception of the threat posed by the other group and assumes that prejudice must be formed of four constitutive elements: feelings of superiority, feelings of inherent distinction, feelings of special rights and privileges, and finally feelings of threat to the group's dominant position. All these feelings, according to Herbert Blumer, are in factrepresentations of another group that are being created in the long historical processes of positioning ethnic groups in society. The representation of the other group is not necessarily rooted in directexperience, it is rooted, above all, in the ideological image of the other. The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze historical data and statements of influential political, religious, and intellectual figures,four dimensions of the representation of the Bosniak ethnonational group in the ideology of Serbian nationalism.

Bilder von Frieden und Krieg betrachten. Die visuelle Darstellung von Bosnien und Herzegowina

Author(s): Rasmus Bellmer,Frank Möller / Language(s): German Issue: 02/2022

Responding to the crisis in photojournalism, many photographers during the wars in former Yugoslavia developed alternative photographic approaches to capture the complexity of the wars more adequately than conventional photojournalism seemed capable of doing. In this article, we present a typology of these alternative photographies. We discuss forensic photography, aftermath photography, post-conflict and peace photography as well as participatory photography both in generic terms and in the specific Bosnian context. Following this typology, we introduce one specific photojournalistic project, Gilles Peresses and Fred Ritchin’s “Bosnia: Uncertain Paths to Peace”. This project integrated several aspects of the new photographies into a coherent and convincing approach. We then discuss it in terms of interactivity and narrative openness. Necessarily limited by the technological standards of the time, this project can be seen as an important precursor to current photojournalistic approaches in search of adequate representations of the ongoing messiness and institutionalized instability in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Briševo – izbrisano selo 1992. godine

Author(s): Jasmin Medić / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 2/2022

Briševo; Prijedor; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Army of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina; police; civilians; camps

Момир Булатовић, Правила ћутања, Београд, Вукотић медиа, 2020. (539-541)

Author(s): Nikola Mijatov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

Kako se sjećati 1992. – slučaj Gračanice (neke napomene)

Author(s): Omer Hamzić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 53/2022

In this article the author briefly, almost telegraphically, recalls the war events in Gračanica and the surrounding area in the 1992 – 1995 period, with special reference to 1992 and the 25th of May, which has permanently remained in the people’s memory of this region as the crucial day of defense. In the form of an introductory article for the content of this issue of the “Gračanički glasnik”, which in its articles thematizes the reality of war in Gračanica (on the occasion that 30 years have now passed since the end of the war), the author leaves the position of an objective observer in certain parts and adds a very personal note to his observations. The author describes some very traumatic moments of his own wartime tragedy that still haunt him, he also aimed to point out the current state in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which many describe as similar to what happened on the eve of the war in 1991 and 1992. For people with such a traumatic experience of war this reminder has its own special dimensions. The author himself sees the causes and consequences of such states from this specific angle, and points them out accordingly. In the third part, as the introductory speaker of this issue, he announced memoirs of important personalities that were active during the wartime in Gračanica.

Fikret Muslimović, Selmo Cikotić, Zločini u oružanoj agresiji na Republiku Bosnu i Hercegovinu 1992. – 1995.

Author(s): Omer Hamzić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 53/2022

Review of: Fikret Muslimović, Selmo Cikotić, Zločini u oružanoj agresiji na Republiku Bosnu i Hercegovinu 1992. – 1995. Udruženje za zaštitu tekovina borbe za Bosnu i Hercegovinu, Sarajevo 2021.

Antiracionalizam, laž, mržnja i genocid nad Bošnjacima

Author(s): Adib Đozić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 11/2022

Manje više je poznato da su duhovno-kulturni nosioci, inspiratori i ideolozi političkih programa srpskog velikodržavlja: Srpska akademija nauka i umjetnosti (SANU), Udruženje književnika Srbije (UKS) i Srpska pravoslavna crkva (SPC). O utjecaju i ulozi ovih institucija, kroz raznovrsne programske sadržaje koje su izgradile, na rat protiv bosanskohercegovačkog društva i države od 1992.-1995. godine, te zločine genocida nad Bošnjacima, istina, napisan je zavidan broj radova, ali nisu do kraja, na naučno relevantan način, eksplicirani svi segmenti uloge njihovih programskih sadržaja. Također, nauka je utvrdila da su najznačajniji društveni faktori nacionalnih integracija, ne samo kod južnoslavenskih naroda, već uopće: država, kultura i crkva. Kod razvoja srpskog nacionalnog identiteta to je posebno izraženo. Na tim osnovama su i nastali nacionalno-politički, nacionalno-kulturni i nacionalno-crkveni srpski velikodržavni projekti, ne odvojeno jedan od drugog, već naprotiv, čine jedinstvenu strukturu cjeline velikosrpske nacionalne ideologije i prakse. U dosadašnjim radovima o uzrocima genocida nad Bošnjacima, akcentirani su i dosta eksplicitno analizirani utjecaji nacionalno-političkih velikosrpskih programa. Mnogo manje su naučno obrađeni genocidni sadržaji u nacionalno-kulturnim i nacionalno-crkvenim programima srpskog velikodržavlja. Iz tih razloga ovom prilikom analizirat ćemo neke primjere antiracionalizma, laži, mržnje, u nacionalno-kulturnim i nacionalno-crkvenim velikosrpskim programima i njihov utjecaj na zločin genocida nad Bošnjacima ne samo u ratu protiv bosanskohercegovačkog društva i države 1992.-1995. godine već od početka tzv. nacionalno-oslobodilačkih pokreta na južnoslavenskim prostorima.

Призренски процес 1956. и његова ревизија 1968. године

Author(s): Igor Vukadinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The aim of the paper is to shed light on the ambiguities from the trial in Prizren against nine persons suspected of espionage, as well as the final annulment of this process twelve years later. The research was primarily based on unpublished material stored in the Archives of Kosovo in Pristina, in the folder “Prizren Process”, materials of the Central State Archives in Tirana, and the fund of the Security Information Agency of the State Archives of Serbia in Belgrade.

„Е, мој друже...“: национализам и (пост)југословенски рокенрол (1991–1995)

Author(s): Nemanja Stokrp / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

Nationalism was noticeable in numerous Yugoslav rock and roll songs before and especially during the breakup of Yugoslavia. Based on rock and roll lyrics, the press (news¬papers and music magazines), audio-visual material and oral history, this article reviews the manifestations of nationalism in rock music in the context of the Yugoslav wars from 1991 to 1995. More or less clearly defined cultural policies, particularly of the war regimes in Belgrade and Zagreb, are also took into a consideration. In the late 1980s some Yugoslav bands, such as Bijelo Dugme, were, on the one hand, using national motives in their songs to emphasize the unrest among Yugoslav people, mainly between Serbs and Croats. On the other hand, bands like Prljavo Kazalište and Galija em¬braced national sentiment. Đorđe Balašević was also singing about the disappointment in the Yugoslav unity and hinted at possible breakup of Yugoslavia. In the 1990s “musical war” was waged in parallel with the armed conflict in former Yugoslavia. Mainstream scene in Croatia was almost completely nationalized – pop-rock bands sang patriotic songs, famous musicians visited soldiers in the battlefields, and the national television took over the music production. In Serbia, pro-war sentiment was most noticeable in newly composed folk music, but some rock musicians, such as Bora Đorđević, openly supported the efforts of the Serbs in Croatia and Bosnia. State protectionism in popular culture went without saying, especially in Serbia (FR Yugoslavia), Croatia and Bosnia, where music of the enemy was banned.

Antirationalism, Lie, Hatred and the Genocide against Bosniaks

Author(s): Adib Đozić / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2022

It is more or less known that the spiritual and cultural carriers, inspirers and ideologues of the political programss of the Serbian great state are: the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU), the Association of Writers of Serbia (UKS) and the Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC). On the influence and role of these institutions, through the various program contents they built, on the war against the Bosnian society and state in from 1992 to 1995, and the crimes of genocide against Bosniaks, it is true, an enviable number of papers have been written, but not all segments of the role of their program contents have been fully explained in a scientifically relevant way. Also, science has determined that the most important social factors of national integration, not only in South Slavic peoples, but in general are: state, culture and church. This is particularly pronounced in the development of Serbian national identity. National-political, national-cultural and national-ecclesiastical Serbian greatstate projects were created on those bases, not separately from each other, but on the contrary, they form a unique structure of the entire Great Serbian national ideology and practice. In previous works on the causes of the genocide against Bosniaks, the influences of the national-political Great Serbian programs were emphasized and quite explicitly analyzed. The genocidal content in the national-cultural and national-ecclesiastical programs of the Serbian great state has been scientifically treated much less. For these reasons, on this occasion we will analyze some examples of anti-rationalism, lies, hatred, in the national-cultural and national-ecclesiastical programs of Greater Serbia and their influence on the crime of genocide against Bosniaks, not only in the war against the Bosnian society and state from 1992 to 1995, but since the beginning of the so-called national liberation movements in South Slavic areas.

Komparativna analiza romana Hotel Zagorje Ivane Bodrožić i Zaustavljeno vrijeme Elene Daniele Poretti: Život pod granatama – put bez povratka

Author(s): Jelena Bućan / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 109-110/2022

This paper presents a concise comparative analysis of the novel Hotel Zagorje by Ivana Bodrožić and Zaustavljeno vrijeme by Elena Daniela Poretti, with the war-related experiences in regards to Croatian Homeland War and the Siege of Sarajevo being at its core and discussed through the following four thematic units: life in exile, maturation, waiting as a source of frustration and inability to fulfill genuine yearnings and an encounter with death. Furthermore, the novels share the idea that a war is a traumatic experience regardless of age, that the pain caused by losing a loved one never disappears, but only eases up over time, and that a war has a paradoxical effect given its power to both separate and unite. Although the wounds of war never go away completely, they are a living reminder of how we ought to become more aware of one other as well as of our very own transience if we strive for creating a better present whilst simultaneously paving the way to a brighter future.

Conceptualizing informal practices as solidarity-chains Diasporas coming into existence

Author(s): Sandra King-Savić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

During the 1990s, informal trade – or šverc - was widespread in the former Yugoslav rump state. The following article conceptualizes the mechanisms behind the establishment of informal markets in light of ‘legal failure’ in Novi Pazar, Serbia, where informality produced an alternative, transnational connotation of belonging, leading to a ‘competition between law and social norms’. Trading thus served the purpose of a safety net that generated new and renewed social ties with the diaspora in Turkey, and the Turkish state writ large.

LA PAROLA “PROGRESSO”: C’È VITA OLTRE LA MORTE? C’È VITA OLTRE LA GUERRA?

Author(s): Edoardo Giorgi / Language(s): Italian Issue: 4/2022

The Word "Progress": Is There Life Beyond Death? Is There Life Beyond War? This article’s purpose is to analyze as thoroughly as possible one of the most interesting dramas of the well-known French-Romanian dramatist Matei Vişniec. This work is based on some of the most horrible events that happened during and after the Yugoslavian wars and it narrates a global experience – on many semantic levels and utilizing hermeneutical instruments – throughout the story of a single family, making, in the process, stand out in a clearer way the rich relations between the living and the phantasmatic category of the “living-dead” that continues to communicate with the former. I’ve operated, to shed a light on those phenomena, an analysis based on some anthropological studies that take in exam the violence’s dynamics, but also, of course, I’ve used many auxiliary studies published in Italy and France, that analyze more in detail the drama in question. But the peculiarity of my study is to apply some of the anthropological aspects of war and to collocate this work in the context in which it belongs, demonstrating also how the dramatist has done some thorough research before composing the drama.

Zapisi i sjećanja komandanata brigada Armije Bosne i Hercegovine s područja Gračanice Uvodne napomene (Redakcija)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 54/2022

This past spring marked the 30 years anniversary since the beginning of the aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the war that lasted three and a half years in which Gračanica suffered considerable destruction, enormous material damage and great human loses.

Sjećanja na časne dane odbrane Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Tarik Nuhanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 54/2022

Tarik Nuhanović je rođen 27. 4. 1952. godine u Teočaku, gdje mu je otac službovao kao učitelj. Gimnaziju je završio u Gračanici, a Fakultet političkih nauka u Sarajevu, nakon čega je zasnivao radni odnos u Srednjoškolskom centru u Gračanici, kao profesor u području društvenih nauka. Tokom služenja vojnog roka, završio je Školu rezervnih oficira u Bileći (rod pješadija), te više specijalističkih kurseva u JNA. Ratni raspored je imao u Doboju, a sudjelovao je i na više vojnih vježbi i manevara, stekavši čin kapetana u rezervi. U odbranu Bosne i Hercegovine uključuje se od prvih dana agresije na ovu zemlju, stavljajući se na raspolaganje Opštinskom štabu TO Gračanica. Obavljao je dužnosti pomoćnika i zamjenika komandanta Rejonskog štaba TO Gračanica, a zatim i Odreda TO Gračanica – kasnije 1. pješadijskog bataljona, kao prve manevarske jedinice na ovom prostoru. S formiranjem 111. gračaničke brigade postavljen je za njenog prvog komandanta. Brigadu je vodio do kraja februara 1992. godine, učestvujući u odbrani Gradačca i slobodnih teritorija Brčkog, gdje je i ranjen. Kraj rata je dočekao na mjestu pomoćnika komandanta za moral 22. divizije KoV Armije RBiH, u činu natkapetana. Na vlastiti zahtjev je demobilisan 1996. godine, u činu majora, vrativši se na predratni posao i posvetivši se daljem obrazovanju i usavršavanju. U međuvremenu je završio postdiplomski studij i stekao zvanje magistra društvenih nauka, nakon čega na Fakultetu političkih nauka Univerziteta u Sarajevu uspješno brani i doktorsku disertaciju. Obavljao je i dužnost direktora Mješovite srednje škole Gračanica, a danas radi kao spoljni saradnik Internacionalnog univerziteta u Brčkom, kao profesor humanističkih nauka i dekan Učiteljskog fakulteta. Autor ili koautor je više knjiga i naučnih članaka, te učesnik većeg broja simpozijuma i drugih stručnih skupova.

Na čelu prve oslobodilačke brigade u Armiji RBiH (transkript iskaza zabilježenog u audiovizualnoj formi)

Author(s): Bahrija Džananović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 54/2022

Uz 30 godina od početka agresije na Bosnu i Hercegovinu i Odbrambeno-oslobodilačkog rata na području Gračanice, ali i tridesetu godišnjicu formiranja 111. gračaničke brigade, u ovom broju našeg časopisa objavljujemo sjećanja nekadašnjih komandanata ove brigade, u formi memoarskih zapisa, za ovu prigodu pisanih. Uz njih pridodajemo i sjećanje još jednog komandanta, rahmetli Bahrije Džananovića – nekadašnjeg načelnika štaba 111. gračaničke brigade, a potom komandanta 212. bosanske oslobodilačke brigade (kasnije 222. oslobodilačke), koju je vodio od dana formiranja pa do kraja rata, odnosno samoga gašenja. Rahmetli komandant Džananović nije danas među nama. Preminuo je 20. januara 2020. godine. Ali pet godina ranije, ostavio je opširno svjedočanstvo o svom ratnom putu, kojeg je najvećim dijelom proveo na čelu 212. brigade – prve oslobodilačke brigade u Armiji RBiH. Riječ je o sjećanju, odnosno iskazu, zabilježenom u audiovizualnom obliku, u okviru projekta “Govorna historija”, realiziranog pri J. U. Muzej “Alija Izetbegović (1925.-2003.)” iz Sarajeva. Projekat je vodio general-major u penziji Fikret Muslimović, inače saradnik našeg časopisa. Snimatelj u Gračanici je bio Fahrudin Kurtović, novinar i nekadašnji ratni reporter

Na čelu prve oslobodilačke brigade u Armiji RBiH (transkript iskaza zabilježenog u audiovizualnoj formi)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 54/2022

September 1, 1992). Tactical Group 2 (TG-2), with command post in Gračanica, was formed on August 17, 1992 by order of the District Defense Headquarters in Tuzla. It consisted of units of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the area of Gračanica and Doboj Istok, organized into the 111th and 109th brigades, which defended positions in the valley of the Spreča river, on the approaches to the town of Doboj, and in the region of Mount Trebava. On September 1, the commander of Tactical Group 2, Osman Puškar, issued an Order for Defense, which specified the tasks, measures and procedures of subordinate units. This significant and relevant document, as a valuable historical source, is published in its original form.

ZBOG ČEGA JOŠ NIJE IMPLEMENTISAN DEJTONSKI MIROVNI SPORAZUM I KAD ĆE KONAČNO BITI

Author(s): Slobodan Nagradić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2021

The paper analyzes the implementation of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and highlights the dificulties along the way. The author detected a different reception of the content, messages and implications of certain provisions and imperatives of the Peace Agreement in BiH with the former belligerent parties in the civil war in BiH, ie. among the legitimate representatives of the three constituent peoples in BiH, who are the bearers of its constitution and the entire architecture on which is based the Dayton BiH. By analyzing several annexes of the Dayton Peace Agreement, e.g. of Annexes lV, Vll and Vlll, the author showed that the norms from those annexes have one semantics within the Serbian national corpus, the other (different one) at Bosniaks, while at Croats it is perceived in a third way. As a result of that, and some other contents, i.e. obstruction of the implementation of the Dayton Peace Agreement, it has not been implemented to the end, nor is that end in sight soon.

Creating a 21st-century heroic myth around a living person – example of the Croatian general Ante Gotovina

Author(s): Domagoj Krpan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

One of the most important topics of Croatia accession to the EU was cooperation with International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in Den Haag. ICTY was created by the international community to prosecuted war crimes committed during the wars in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990es. In Croatia, there was an opinion that the court will prosecute only Serbia and there was a shock when the first indictments were sent for war crimes committed by Croatian forces. A personification of this process was general Ante Gotovina, who was accused among others as a member of a joint criminal enterprise but, in the end, he was found not guilty. At the same time, some parts of Croatian society and media started to build a mythical status around Ante Gotovina. This paper will analyze this type of media coverage and how it did shape opinion and consequentially created a modern myth around Gotovina.