Projekcja siły Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej na Oceanie Indyjskim

Author(s): Łukasz Gacek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

China’s strategic imperative in the Indian Ocean region reflects its need for protection of national interests, mainly in the field of economic security (expanding business opportunities abroad) and energy security (sea lines of communication security). Long-term presence of China in the Indian Ocean region will not only increase its responsibility for security issues across the region but is also associated with the implementation of projects under the initiative of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Route Economic Belt.

Polityka Japonii wobec Izraela w kontekście konfliktu na Bliskim Wschodzie

Author(s): Olga Barbasiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

Miejsce UE w polityce zagranicznej Federacji Rosyjskiej - uwarunkowania, założenia, pola konfliktu i obszary współpracy

Author(s): Marek Czajkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2008

Polityka syryjska wobec Libanu po pax syriana

Author(s): Łukasz Fyderek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2007

Niemiecka polityka zagraniczna a kryzysy międzynarodowe 1991-2007: nowa tożsamość Bundeswehry

Author(s): August Pradetto / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2007

The central issue analyzed in the paper is to investigate the changes in the role of the German Federal Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) after the major political changes that followed the end of the Cold War in general and, in particular, from the changes in foreign and security policies in Germany and Europę. In order to do so, we start tracing the essential historie developments, the resulting political discourses, and the normative shifts in Germany’s political culture Subsequently, the paper takes a closer empirical look at the gradual broadening and enlargement of German military deployments as well as political debates and concrete moves to transform the Federal Armed Forces from an “army of defense” into an “army in the field”. At the same time, these changes are referred to the United States’ world policy and ambitions to establish a coherent and effective common foreign and security policy growing within the European Union. As to the role of Germany’s armed forces, it is shown that a dynamic revaluation and upgrading had been initiated long before the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11,2001, within both the Transatlantic and European contexts. Finally, the paper evaluates the functionality and efficiency of the redefmed role of German armed forces against current global restructuring.

Eine Beziehung mit Hindernissen - Deutsch-Polnische Beziehungen zwischen Konfrontation und Zusammenarbeit

Author(s): Kai-Olaf Lang / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2006

Konsekwencje konfliktu między Etiopią i Erytreą w stosunkach wewnętrznych i międzynarodowych tych państw

Author(s): Wojciech Stankiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2005

POST-CONFLICT OPERATIONS AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF JOINT AIR POWER

Author(s): Mihai STIR / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

Post-conflict operations, by military or other means, represent an extremely important research domain, which has not yet been thoroughly explored. This article is aimed at discussing the current global security environment influence on the new political and military strategic objectives. Furthermore, the article addresses the topic of post-conflict activities by delineating their position inside the major joint operation structure. The role of airpower in the conflict stabilisation phase is to assist the consolidation of the strategic objectives of initial combat operations. Usually, airpower stabilisation operations begin through the threat of air combat actions, even after the official end of military operations, the stress shifting progressively to activities in support of civil authorities as soon as the threat decreases. Finally, the types of military post-conflict operations are listed and the airpower contribution in the stabilisation and reconstruction phase of campaign is briefly analysed.

THE ARMED FORCES HISTORICAL SERVICE – PROMOTER OF THE NATIONAL MILITARY HISTORIOGRAPHY –

Author(s): Marian Mosneagu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2009

The archives preserved over the years and managed with responsibility by the Armed Forces Historical Service represent, in the author’s opinion, a true source of documentation for military and civilian researchers, who have enriched the national military historiography with works of real scientific value. During the Second World War, in the structure of the Service there was the information office, which sought to record important data about radical movements, about their weight and influence in the Romanian society, about the risks to which the archive deposits and the patrimony of the National Military Museum were exposed. This office made an almost complete description of the destruction of the archives located in two railway carriages, bombed at Turnu Severin on the night of 15/16 April 1944.

THE CONCEPT OF STRATEGIC PARALYSIS (I)

Author(s): Mircea Mindrescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

The author approaches the concept of strategic paralysis from the perspective of its military, spiritual, material, mental and moral features. The main purpose of this concept is the incapacity rather than the annihilation of the enemy. In this respect, the author underlines that this option is intended for acquiring maximum political benefits with minimum material and human expenses. The planned actions are aimed at neutralising the enemy’s will to fight through actions carried against the capabilities that provide the resource and command-coordination elements needed for conducting the war. The main purpose of a direct action is to affect the enemy physical, material and mental capabilities, the enemy morale included.

INFORMATION OPERATIONS WITHIN MARITIME SECURITY OPERATIONS

Author(s): Constantin CIOROBEA / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

In modern era, a wide range of threats affect the maritime domain and, in these conditions, it is important to take action by monitoring and preventing security threats in maritime regions and to create a proper maritime security in order to guarantee a continuous maritime traffic. To provide a proper solution for the security of the modern maritime domain, we have to change the way we operated in the past, namely by means of large number of forces engaged in lethal actions, with the main goal to control the seas using mainly non-lethal actions, designated to protect the main sea line of communication. The Information Operation capabilities engaged in the maritime domain can properly support the Maritime Security Operations and can sustain the actions to neutralise maritime security risks.

ASPECTS OF USING OUTER SPACE FOR MILITARY PURPOSES

Author(s): Nicolaie Buzatu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

The issue of using outer space for military purposes has never been more serious than nowadays. Many of the military satellite systems are nothing but means to multiply the precision, flexibility and speed of armament systems and armed forces on Earth. The consequences of using outer space for military purposes at an ever growing scale are therefore different. Some of them reduce the lack of confidence and the threat of war; others increase the efficiency of military assets and the tendency to put them to work. The dominant position of a spacecraft over the Earth, beyond the frontiers and limits of national sovereignty is not only an opportunity to dream about absolute conquest of military superiority but also a starting point in overcoming conflicts among nations or alliances, in converging all efforts towards stopping military space competition and building peaceful collaboration among nations.

The Sources of Russia’s Soft Power in Relation to Belarus

Author(s): Ryszard Ławniczak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This paper aims to evaluate the sources of Russia’s soft power as a tool which should enable it to integrate Belarus more closely with Russia. The research question is as follows: what are Russia’s main sources of attractiveness, and what kind of instruments of soft power is the Russian government applying to achieve that aim? To what extent was this soft policy successful? The author applied a qualitative research method. It is inductive and allows the researcher to explore meanings and insights into Russia’s notion of “soft power” in its foreign policy toward Belarus. The basis of it lies in the interpretive approach to the present reality of Russia – Belarus political and economic relations and in the evaluation of Russian efforts to integrate its closest neighbour by using only non-military means.

Status i znaczenie Trójmorza w konstrukcji współczesnej globalnej architektury bezpieczeństwa

Author(s): Damian Jarnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

This article covers a cross-sectional and updating reflection on the phenomena taking place in the security sphere of the region, the so-called Three Seas. The research subject of the article is the Three Seas Initiative format as a potential subjective keystone of the security of Central and Eastern Europe, treated taking into account historical and current events, as one of the foundations of not only the European or Euro-Atlantic, but also the global security architecture. The priority research goal was to present and analyze the progress and integration and institutional perspectives of the Three Seas Region, and thus an attempt to search for the status arrangements of this format, by analyzing this geopolitical space in the light of, above all, the concept of regional security complexes (but also, among others, geopolitical wedges, the influence of superpowers of the global balance of power). The findings presented in these investigations signal both attempts to comprehensively bind the region with interdependence, attempts at far-reaching rapprochement and co-creation of soft security architecture – in the form of development-progressing infrastructure, as well as pragmatic and conservative behavior, resulting from both the geopolitical dynamics and current national calculations of the Three Seas countries.

WYBRANE ASPEKTY BEZPIECZEŃSTWA WYROBÓW W PRZEMYŚLE ZBROJENIOWYM

Author(s): Monika Bernatek,Mieczysław Jan Magierski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The aim of the article is to present the issue of security of production of the arms industry, which supplies equipment and armament to the Polish Armed Forces, the NATO Police and other services ensuring security and stabilization of peace in the country and in the world. The article is of a theoretical and descriptive nature, providing an answer to the question being the research problem of this work: what normative and legal requirements should an arms company meet during the production, control, acceptance and delivery of military equipment, in order to ensure a safe product for the life, health of the user and the environment while ensuring reliability and timely deliveries? The research hypothesis of the work is that it is assumed that the conditions in which metrological confirmations of measuring instruments used to control production at various stages of the technological process are performed may affect the safety of manufactured products and determine cause and effect relationships. To verify the hypothesis and answer the problem question, the following method of source analysis and logical construction was used. Official documents in force in the Republic of Poland were examined: normative and legal acts. Indirect observation was also used, resulting from the authors’ many years of experience in working with the arms industry and participating in scientific activities. The issues presented in the article concern the metrological system that has a significant impact on the quality and safety of the product, the product conformity assessment system (OiB), in which the manufacturer guarantees under his own responsibility that the product complies with the technical specification by issuing a declaration of conformity in the field of Defense and Security and introducing the Internal Control System (WSK) regarding trade in arms and dual-use products as well as services and technologies of strategic importance for state security, as well as maintaining international peace. An important issue for suppliers producing defense products is the estimation and analysis of risks affecting the project/project. Risk management begins at the product planning stage and is monitored by significant organizational units, i.e. design, supply, production, control until the end of the contract. Information from the implementation of risk management constitutes a “mine of knowledge” for the implementation of a future project. Another important aspect included in the article is the protection of classified information and the application of appropriate security measures appropriate to the classification granted. The manufacturer should have an industrial security certificate issued by the Military Counterintelligence Service (SKW) or the Internal Security Agency (ABW) in accordance with the current Act on the protection of classified information.

Edukacja dla pokoju: odpowiedź na wojnę czy integralny obszar kształcenia człowieka?

Author(s): Agnieszka Izabela Piejka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

In this article I justify the need to recognize education for peace as one of the most important permanent areas of human education. Thinking about it should go beyond reacting to the violence and aggression we experience and the pedagogical actions we undertake should be a permanent area of human lifelong education. My argumentation is in the broad understanding of peace, according to which it is a complex and multifaceted process, subject to constant change. I also refer to the premise that peacebuilding is the business and responsibility of all people. All teachers and educators should feel obliged to work in this area, because each of them, can create an educational space for experiencing peace in the individual’s relations with the environment

Involvement of the Polish Armed Forces in counteracting non-military threats in the light of the participation of the Krakow Military District in the flood relief operation in 1997

Author(s): Przemysław Wywiał / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2023

Objectives:The flood that hit the south of Poland in 1997 was an important test for the national security system, including above all the institutions and services responsible for general security and protection of the population. The Polish Armed Forces were also involved in the flood relief operations. The aim of the publication is to analyse the involvement of the forces and resources of the Krakow Military District in the flood relief operation. Methods:Theoretical methods such as analysis, synthesis and inference on the basis of available sources, including legal acts, the military press (the Krakow Military District magazine Nasz Refleks) and scientific studies, were used to achieve the adopted objective. Results:The article succeeds in achieving its aim. The structure and tasks of the Cracow Military District were presented. The preparation of engineering and anti-chemical troops to fight against non-military threats was discussed. Then the anti-flood action of the army was shown. Finally, the activities of the engineering and anti-chemical forces were analysed. Conclusions:The Polish Armed Forces played a very important role in combating the effects of the 1997 floods. The action confirmed the good training and high morale of the soldiers. Engineering and anti-chemical troops performed specialised tasks. A major problem in the first days of the flood action was the chaos in the process of directing the flood action at the local level. There was also a lack of Civil Defence structures that could carry out humanitarian activities for the affected population.

Oblicza polskiego militaryzmu

Author(s): Kornel Bielawski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 72/2024

Contemporary militarism appears as a combination of historical, cultural and institutional factors that shape the political processes of the state. Militarism is most often combined with excessive political influence of officers, the proliferation of the apparatus of the armed forces and social attitudes drawn from military patterns. Relying on interdisciplinary findings to date, the author searches in the paper for manifestations of Polish militarism and argues that it adopts a discursive-ritual rather than an institutional model, despite unprecedented spending on armaments in 2023.

Kolejne pożary do zadebatowania: działalność ONZ w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa w 2023 roku

Author(s): Patrycja Grzebyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2024

The chapter presents the main decisions of the Security Council and the General Assembly concerning peace and security. The first part focuses on the lack of agreement concerning the situation in the Middle East, in particular in relation to the conflict between Israel and Hamas, and to the catastrophic situation of the population in Gaza. The second part summarizes the situations which were dealt with within the SC, and indicates such cross-cutting problems like climate change, hunger, protection of children, disinformation, or incitement to hatred. The third part is a summary of basic data concerning peacekeeping operations, including information about the main states providing troops. In conclusion, the chapter deals with growing influence of Russia within the UN system.

WYWIAD A DZIAŁANIA O CHARAKTERZE TERRORYSTYCZNYM

Author(s): Anna Grabowska-Siwiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2024

The aim of the article is to show activities taking place in current international politics, bearing the hallmarks of intelligence activities using secret operations with the use of tools typical of terrorist acti- vities. The research problem of the work was defined in the form of a question: how intelligence activitiesare used in the scope of intelligence activities of state services? The research hypothesis put forward in the text indicates that there are connections between intelligence activities and the activities of state intelligence services. Events from recent years and those that are still ongoing (e.g. Houthi activity in the Red Sea) will be analyzed on the basis of press materials, as it is currently not possible to research them on the basis of official documents of state authorities. The research methodology adopted in the article is primarily an analysis of press materials and scientific literature relating to secret intelligence operations and terrorist activities. The case study method was also used. The article is interested in intelligence institutions as state services. The definition of intelligence was adopted as a state institution carrying out not only information activities but also non-information activities with the characteristics of terrorist activities. The analysis of available press materials showed that in the current international space there are examples of activities that may have the nature of secret operations. These include: Iran’s actions supporting Hamas and Hesbollah; Iran’s support for Houthi activities in the Red Sea and many actions of Russian services in the context of weakening Ukraine and European countries. It is currently not possible to make categorical statements in this area and it may take years and many efforts to prove the symp- toms resulting from the definition of covert operations. This results, among others, from due to the lack of availability of reliable and confirmed data on the actual contractors for these activities. Moreover, the article indicates the directions of activities of state institutions that can actually support the recognition and counteracting of secret operations using terrorist activities.