Together But Separated: Stereotypes as Demarcation Line between Alevis and Sunnis in Bulgaria

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2010

Historically, Turks have not only been engaged in inter-religious conflicts, but also in intrareligious ones. In these conflicts, whether latent or not, stereotypes have played an important role; they have fueled the conflicts, and at the same time been sustained by them. Thus stereotypes have served to draw bold demarcation lines and sharp boundaries between intrareligious groups. The case of Bulgarian Alevis and Sunnis is not an exception to this rule.

Albanian-Americans Involved in Failed Terror Plot in Montenegro, Police Say

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 09/2006

Recent arrests made in the newly independent state of Montenegro indicate that the predicted “domino effect” of ethnic Albanian uprisings in small states in which Albanians comprise a minority is becoming a reality yet again.

Armed Checkpoints Reemerge in Albanian West Kosovo Strongholds

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2006

Armed Albanian groups have been stopping cars and asking drivers for identification, operating the checkpoints at night on village roads. In one village near Djakovica, a bastion of the former KLA, gunfire was exchanged between the armed group and police officers.

In First Nine Months of 2016, Urban Violence and Crime Rise in Greece

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2016

This precise analysis security risks and urban violence in Greece during the first nine months of 2016 contains a detailed timeline of events.

Suicide Bombings at Istanbul Football Stadium Claimed by Kurdish Group, amidst Confusion over Actors

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2016

This article covers a recent terrorist attack carried out in Istanbul, and the shadowy Kurdish group that allegedly carried out the attack.

Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Bosnia’s Buried Killers

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 10/10/2017

Unexploded landmines still kill and maim, two decades after end of brutal war.

Maharishijeva teorija rata i mira

Author(s): Lazar Voš / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/1992

The author studies the new theory of war peace by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi which fundamentally differs from all the hitherto known approaches to those phenomena. Every day many individuals break the laws of nature. This causes an accumulation of stresses and tension in the individual and the collective consciousness which inavoidably manifests itself in the breaking out of wars. Maharishi has also structured a practical technology, the TM and TM Sidhi techniques for the neutralization of stresses in individuals and in social groups, in order to eliminate and prevent armed conflicts. The possibilities of spreading the effects generated by the application of Maharishi’s unified filed theory are being studied through a multidisciplinary approach. This paper also points to the need for a revision of the mechanicistic paradigm that still dominates in the social sciences, by offering a new, extended paradigm for the understanding of social processes, those of armed conflicts and peace in particular.

Strategické angažovanie Ruskej federácie a Spojených štátov amerických v Južnom Kaukaze

Štyri etapy vývoja

Author(s): Jakub Maco / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2018

This article analyzes strategic engagement of the Russian Federation and the United States of America in the South Caucasus in four phases of development from the end of the Cold War until present day. The first phase covers early nineties, the second is from mid-nineties to 2003, the third from 2004 to 2008 and the fourth from 2009 to 2016/2017. There are three key trends during the examined period. First, Russia has permanent strategic interests in the South Caucasus due to maintaining its own state security and securing the position of the most prominent external actor in the region. Second, Russia’s weakness and active engagement of the US/NATO are barriers to realizing Russia’s state interests. Third, the South Caucasus is strategically more significant to Russia than the US/NATO.

The Timeless Value of a Pluralistic World

Author(s): Valentin Yakushik / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2018

The article reproduces a slightly edited author’s ‘personal manifesto’ presented as a paper at a Workshop on the ‘Future of World Order’ in Tripoli, Libya in May 2003. The present version contains some further thoughts topical in the present time. As originally presented the paper sought to address four major issues: US domination in the newly mono-polar world; the pathologies of international power relations in a world characterised by huge disparities in access to multiple technologies; differing, hierarchically-structured patterns of organising and containing inter- and intra-national conflicts; and the need for moral, political and intellectual leadership in the then Brave New World of US hegemony.

From the Barcelona Process to Union for the Mediterranean: the European Union’s approach to co-operation with North African and Middle East states prior to Arab Spring

Author(s): Łukasz Rak / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

The Mediterranean region constitutes the closest neighbourhood of the European Union. The region needs support and assistance to equal differences between the North and South part of the Mediterranean. In order to achieve this ambitious aim it was decided to institutionalise co-operation between EU and other countries of the region under the auspices of the Barcelona Process. Although reasons of those differences were determined and identified and mechanisms that were supposed to abolish them were established, until today no significant success has been archived. The changes towards approach to the project of Barcelona Process: Union for the Mediterranean which were dictated by the Arab Spring definitely give an opportunity to improve the situation. Nonetheless after more than two decades since establishment of the Process it may be stated that the Resolution of EuroParliamentary Assembly is still as valid now as it was on the day of its signing on 15th March 2005.

Bliskowschodni proces pokojowy 25 lat po porozumieniu z Oslo – rola Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Anna Diawoł-Sitko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

The aim of the article is to present the European Union’s commitment to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. 2018 is a good time to take stock of the role of the European Union and other regional and international actors in resolving the Palestinian issue. Currently, it is 25 years since the signing of the Oslo Agreement, 30 years after the declaration of independence announced by the PLO. A year earlier, 50 years have passed since Israel seized the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. The article assumes the thesis that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the main challenges for the EU’s foreign policy, is an inherent feature of the regional balance of power and without its regulation it is impossible to think about a lasting peace in the Middle East. Its implications are multidimensional and concern security, political dialogue, economic and social issues. The conflict also has an impact on the overall policy pursued by the Union towards the Mediterranean. The article is divided into five parts. The first presents the source, evolution and individual stages of the conflict from the end of the Second World War. In the second part, the implications of the provisions of the Oslo Agreement for the negotiation process were indicated. The third identifies the most important problems that prevent a lasting peace between Israel and Palestine. In the fourth part author shows the position of the European Union towards the conflict and a two-state solution, and bilateral cooperation with Israel and Palestine. The fifth part discusses the problems related to the involvement of the European Union in ending the conflict. The analysis carried out in this article is based on diversified sources, literature on the subject, in particular from 2015–2018, and the author’s own research. The study uses a critical, problematic approach, taking into account the behavior of the basic actors, important from the point of view of the discussed topic, and the following research methods were used: factor analysis, institutional and legal, content analysis and elements of the decision method

Мухамед Лакхдар Гхетас. Алжир и хладни рат: Међународни односи и борба за аутономију.

Author(s): Jovan Čavoški / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

NOAM CHOMSKY, YUGOSLAVIA: PEACE, WAR AND DISSOLUTION, DAVOR DŽALTO (ED.), PM PRESS OAKLAND, 2018

Author(s): Lyal Sunga S. / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

In this essay, the author reviews and critically assesses the book Yugoslavia: Peace, War, and Dissolution, authored by Noam Chomsky and edited by Davor Džalto. The author also points to the importance and value of the book for the field of political theory, international relations and Yugoslav studies, examining at the same time particular concepts (such as “genocide”) within the broader context of legal theory and international law.

Contours of an Israeli-Palestinian peace settlement

Author(s): Anthony Oberschall / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Israelis and Palestinians have off-loaded the cost of their conflict to outsiders. The massive subsidies for Palestinians should be gradually withdrawn and Israel should pay rent for the settlements and lands it occupies. This rent will fund the Palestinian economy and act as compensation in lieu of the right of return. The Palestinian state will be demilitarized and neutral, and become viable through economic ties to Israel and international aid. Two states will coexist along the 1967 Green Line, and East Jerusalem will be made part of “Jerusalem: one city, two capitals.” Peace-making will be backed by the major international stakeholders and the agreement will be legitimized by voters in both countries. No one is under any illusions about the obstacles to an Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement. Yet ideas that seem far fetched in time become actionable: for decades no one expected that majority rule in South Africa would be peacefully achieved, and few anticipated that Franco-German cooperation and alliance after two bloody World Wars would give birth to the European Union.

НАРАТИВИ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ КОНФЛІКТНОСТІ: ГЛОБАЛЬНА ТУРБУЛЕНТНІСТЬ АБО ДЕСТРУКЦІЇ СВІТОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ?

Author(s): Liudmyla Mykolaivna Herasina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2020

Problem of setting. In of the article first certain and analysed research narratives to the international conflict, which was folded in modern scientific discourse - civilization, universal, phenomenological, deterministic, rhythm of development, the world is politicians, judicial. There is an appropriate question in science: how in our time to perceive and explain the situation of international conflict - by global turbulence or destructions of the world system? Analysis of main researches. In political science tradition objectively there were different of international of the world. Narrative of «conflict of civilizations» (S. Hantington) takes a place from their global opposition in foreshortening of the historical differences, values and alternative ways of life. P. Sorokin and Q. Wright developed universal narrative of international conflicts, where attributed them to the class of general social. Other scientists (E. Luard, K. Levin, J. Rubin, D. Pruit, K. S. Kim, T. Shelling) formulated in in the second half of XX century deterministic, rhythm of development, the world is politicians, judicial narratives of conflicts on a world arena. Paper objective. Idea and purpose of the article: to generalize the picture of international conflicts in phenomenological narrative (the essence, sources, varieties and strategies of decision); to expose objective connection of conflicts with destructions of the world system and processes of global turbulence. Paper main body. In the epoch of globalization the modern world tested cardinal changes, caused the contradictory tendencies of integration and differentiation of international processes of, which strengthens the conflict of relations. In these terms essence of international conflict is interpreted, as culmination of development of objective contradictions between the states (by the group of the states), the display of which is a collision on soil of opposite national interests, public aims and aspirations. The sources of origin and factors of determination of international conflicts do not touch private or group interests, they are anymore determined defence of sovereignty of the state, interests of national safety, maintainance of territorial integrity, rights and freedoms of the citizens; but sometimes international excesses are continuation of retrograde internal policy of certain countries. In maintenance internationally-legal conflicts more frequent international spores -formal disagreements consist between international legal of, subjects which arose up on questions of debatable fact or broken right. A global danger in relation to a conflict in is the world created by international terrorism, especially with the risk of application of weapon of mass defeat. General systematization of international conflicts allows to select a few their types and classes, in particular - intergovernmental and national liberation wars, international conflicts inwardly, local, regional, global, armed or unarmed conflicts and others that. The special place in development of conflict on the global arena of relations occupies international crisis. Its essence is more high phase of the international opposing, growth of him from confrontation to the greatest political level. Original narrative of these international collisions offers the canadian political scientist A. Rappoport, where in obedience to a form and the specific flowing characterizes an international crisis in three formats: of ’battle’, ’game ’ and ’debate’. The world political system is objective reality, result of concordance nation-states political, legal, social and economic ’status quo ’ on planetary and regional levels. But it modern character is straight predefined influence of factors of global turbulence in an international policy. An international law, in obedience to UN Charter, gives advantage principles of peaceful decision of international conflicts and crises, that it is fixed in bases of existence and stable functioning of world concord. Conclusions. Logic of development of conflicts and crises shows on a world arena, that the political system of planet has certain destructions, disfunctions and global problems which become the drivers of international conflict.

Pokój jako element ideowy myślenia utopijnego

Author(s): Karol Kuźmicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

Reflection on war and peace is inextricably linked to utopian thinking. In social utopias, war-related issues are one of the most realistic descriptions. However, peace is a universal value in Utopias. This is not only ideological issue, but also a destination that utopias are trying to achieve. The author, on the example of selected utopias from different periods, showed their anti-war message. It has a timeless character and is also valid in the 21st century.

LES MOUVEMENTS CITOYENS DANS LA CONSTRUCTION DE LA CULTURE DÉMOCRATIQUE EN RD CONGO. UNE ANALYSE APPLIQUÉE À LA VILLE DE BUKAVU

Author(s): Justin Sheria Nfundiko,Merci Nugya,Francis Kashwantale Amini / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2020

The Democratic Republic of Congo, like some African countries, has experienced a flowering of youth citizen movements for a decade. Its peculiarity is that in addition to political and institutional crises, the country has known almost two decades of successive conflicts that have destructured institutions, societal relationships, and behavioral patterns. Citizen youth movements have been more engaged in nonviolent demands in claims aimed at promoting civil, political, economic, and social rights. The movements made it possible to obtain progress, including the pressure exerted on the organization of general elections as well as the awareness by the populations of the obligation of accountability by local authorities in the exercise of their public offices. However, the work of young members of the citizens' movements was challenged by the repression and brutality of the officials against whom the actions were organized. This favored their arrest, their abduction, etc. Although participating in the change of attitudes, civic engagement was also seen as a mechanism for social and economic advancement by young people.

RELIGION, VIOLENCE ET CRISE DE LÉGITIMITÉ EN RDC. COMPRENDRE LA COMMUNICATION POLITIQUE DES ACTEURS ET LEURS ENJEUX

Author(s): Paul Kadundu Karhamikire / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2020

This study analyzes the communication of political and religious actors at the end of the regime of J. Kabila. It tries understand why they used religious language. After describing the process of the annihilation of the Congolese opposition, it enlightens the contradictions in the MP communication. It shows how MP was surprised by the popular resistance led by the Lay Coordination Committee (CLC). The discourse of religious actors also diverges despite their concern to safeguard cohesion within the Catholic Church.

DU CONFLIT AU TERRORISME EN RD CONGO

Author(s): Andreea Bianca Urs / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2020

A wind of terror has been revealed in Beni territory since November 2019, when a series of mysterious massacres attributed to the Allied Democratic Forces movement (ADF or ADF-Nalu) restarted. For the past two decades the Eastern territory of the Democratic Republic of Congo has been the main target of several bloody conflicts among which the last one is about ADF. Furthermore, the upsurge of ADF massacres was accompanied by a propaganda campaign built around jihadist discourse. Terrorism represents a real contemporary threat for the DRC, but not in its Islamist form as envisaged by the government. This paper aims to analyze the instrumentalization of terrorism in the DRC as well as the steps which have transformed the conflict into terrorism.

LA CÔTE D’IVOIRE, UN CONFLIT MULTIDIMENSIONNEL, VRAIMENT ? RÉFLEXION AUTOUR DES STRATÉGIES DES ACTEURS DANS LE PROCESSUS DE RÉSOLUTION DU CONFLIT IVOIRIEN

Author(s): Daniel Kouakou Lopes / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2020

Social scientists highlighted different dimensions of ivorian conflict and their overlaps. Actors involved in ivorian peace process seem to take account of these various aspects to determine their strategies. However, through positions and strategies chosen, there are indications of prioritization of these dimensions, because of the complexity of the conflict, but especially because of agenda of peace process actors.