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Achievements and Failures of Democratic Governments in Serbia after 2000

Author(s): Ognjen Pribicevic´ / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2010

In the article “Achievements and Failures of Democratic Governments in Serbia” Dr. Pribicevic analyzed transition in Serbia after 2000. As a greatest achievements he pointed out that democracy become “only game in the town”, that political killings were stopped, that Serbia again become part of world and European community and that standard of living has improved. On the other side, Dr Pribicevic underlined slow EU integration process, joblessness, corruption and organized crime as a greatest challenges for new democratic governments in Serbia after 2000. His conclusion is that only through the concrete process of acceding to the EU Serbia will be able to reach a certain level of standards and accept EU values and rules of behavior. Without fast concrete steps towards EU Serbia will continue to be preoccupied with its own past and myths.

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Agenda for marketing excellence in the deregulated petroleum down-stream sector

Author(s): Oluseye Olaleke Ogunnaike,Rowland E.K Worlu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2010

Deregulation in the petroleum down-stream sector tends to be treated by the masses. Oftentimes, the fear is that it will fuel the exploitative proclivities of the petroleum marketers and constitute a leeway to corruption by government officials. For example, petroleum products may sell at prohibitive prices, at least in the short run and bureaucrats may exhibit corrupt tendencies in the process. These are genuine fears! However, there is a way out! Thus this paper is based on the imperative that the situation is not as hopeless as it may seem. It offers a marketing blueprint for the implementation of deregulation in the petroleum down-stream sector in such a manner that every stakeholder in the industry will be reasonably satisfied. Thus the marketing model of deregulation reduces conflict situations by taking into account the needs, desires and preferences of all stakeholders. It succeeded in Chile, Thailand etc. why can’t it work in Nigeria?

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An empirical analysis of the determinants of economic growth in the Western Balkans

Author(s): Besnik Taip Fetai,Besime Fekri Mustafi,Ariana Besnik Fetai / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The objective of this paper is to assess the main determinants and the policies that affect economic growth in the Western Balkan over the period 1994 to 2015. It employs techniques such as pooled OLS, fixed and random effects model, and Hausman-Taylor model with instrumental variables (IV). The study shows evidence of conditional convergence, indicating the need for an upward move in the steady state level. The results show that foreign direct investments, gross savings and domestic credit to the private sector have a positive effect on per capita growth. On the other hand, initial level of per capita growth, corruption, unemployment, and general government final consumption, have a negative relationship with per capita growth. The study also shows a puzzling result, that schooling is not a significant factor for growth in Western Balkans. The study also highlights the relevance of attracting more foreign direct investments and reduction in corruption

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Anatomia rosyjskiej wojny informacyjnej. Operacja krymska - studium przypadku

Author(s): Jolanta Darczewska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2014

Wojny informacyjne mają w Rosji długą tradycję. W ostatnich latach zostały zdefiniowane na nowo na gruncie teorii geopolityki, w myśl której są one środkiem do osiągania celów państwa w polityce międzynarodowej i wewnętrznej oraz jego geopolitycznej przewagi. Geopolityka dostarcza także ideologicznych uzasadnień strategii rywalizacji Rosji z Zachodem. W opozycji do ideologii liberalizmu promuje „neokonserwatywne mocarstwo postliberalne, walczące o sprawiedliwy świat wielobiegunowy, broniące tradycji, wartości konserwatywnych, prawdziwej wolności”. W kontekście rywalizacji „cywilizacji eurazjatyckiej” z „cywilizacją atlantycką pod przywództwem USA” objaśnia kryzys wewnętrzny na Ukrainie oraz przyczyny aneksji Krymu przez Rosję. Tekst stanowi próbę zrekonstruowania zarysu teorii wojen informacyjnych wyłaniającego się z prac czołowych przedstawicieli rosyjskiej geopolityki, Igora Panarina i Aleksandra Dugina, a także jej praktycznego zastosowania podczas operacji krymskiej.

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Business under supervision – pathologies serving the system of power in Russia

Author(s): Maria Domanska,Piotr Zochowski / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2016

The relations between Russia’s authorities and business circles are subordinated not so much to rational economic calculations as to the interests of political elites. The key interest in this case is maintaining the current model of government. The formal and informal supervision of business by law enforcement agencies is an important element of Russia’s economic reality. Despite the rhetoric of high-ranking officials, intended to suggest that the state is taking care of businesspeople’s interests, it is evident that there is no will to devise a systemic solution to the most urgent problems, including the state institutions’ disrespect for the rights of ownership.

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Combating corruption in Ukraine – awaiting the results

Author(s): Piotr Zochowski,Marta Jaroszewicz / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2017

Systemic corruption has been the dominant problem of an independent Ukraine for more than two decades. The takeover of the state by a political-business group led by Viktor Yanukovych had been one of the principal causes for large-scale street protests during the Revolution of Dignity. Following the 2014 power shift, slogans calling for combating corruption and cleaning up the elites have featured among the most important priorities announced by President Petro Poroshenko and two consecutive prime ministers – Arseniy Yatsenyuk and Volodymyr Groysman. Moreover, the fight against corruption remains the West’s main condition to support Ukraine.

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Corrupt Practice of Legal Persons as a Factor Restraining the Development of Russia

Author(s): Julia Pavlovna CHEBUNINA / Language(s): English / Issue: 6(20)/2016

The paper considers necessity to perfect the current law of the Russian Federation with respect to legal persons committing crimes in economy. Evidence of corrupt practice of legal persons utilizing budgetary funds are given. The objective side of such crimes is represented by inappropriate utilization of the federal budget on an especially large scale. At that, criminality has a dual character. On the one hand, the subjects of such crimes are the state or municipal structures possessing the corresponding finances. On the other hand, there are legal entities of private law taking advantage of the legal uncontrolled from the side of the state and liberality of the current law.The recognition of the status of a legal person as a subject of crimes injurious to the public provides a basis for solving the problem. Russian legislation must be reduced to the international norms, protection of the constitutional order of the state, the economy of which is shaped by legal persons. The laws must adequately correspond to the criminological situations, take into account the foreign experience, contribute to the active counteraction to formation of criminal communities, elimination of discrepancies in legal norms of the Russian Federation administrative and criminal law.

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Determinants of corruption in Romania and its impact on economic growth

Author(s): Elena-Daniela Viorica,Danut Jemna,Carmen Pintilescu / Language(s): English / Issue: Spec/2011

It is common knowledge that corruption is harmful to the economic development, mainly because it reduces the level of foreign investments. The aim of this paper is to find the determinant factors for the corruption phenomenon in Romania and to assess the effects that it has on economic growth. An econometric model was built to explain the influence of corruption on GDP annual growth rate and on the foreign direct investments in Romania. Corruption perception index, index of economic freedom, GDP growth rate, governance indicators, along with other socio-economic indicators were used in the analysis.

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Društvo i korupcija: politički utjecaj u profesionalnim strukturama javnih institucija kao čimbenik korupcijskog rizika

Author(s): Renato Matic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 2/2017

The paper analyzes the correlation of political influence in the professional structures of public institutions with corruption risk. The goal is to determine, based on qualitative data, how favourable general political influence and political appointments in professional public institutions (as opposed to transparency and professional autonomy) are for the development and sustainability of corruption. Qualitative empirical research using the method of semi- -structured interviews was conducted with 60 participants from 10 countries, divided into two groups according to the Corruption Perceptions Index. Indicators of the presence of political influence in public structures are: participants’ experience on the mobility of institutional services, experience of the presence of political staffing in professional structures, and the experience of the possibility of predictable career management based on clear institutional criteria. The results of the interviews show that between societies which differ according to the perception of corruption there is an experiential difference in the presence of these indicators, and that the political influence of the professional structures of public institutions can be considered as a factor of corruption risk.

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Electoral Violence in Putin´s Russia: Modern Authoritarianism in Practice

Author(s): Michal Mochtak,Jan Holzer / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

The paper identifies and analyses the acts of electoral violence that occurred during the 2011 parliamentary and 2012 presidential elections in the Russian Federation, and connects them with the practices of modern authoritarian regimes. The analytical tool employed is based on an electoral violence research framework, which provides insight into the negative dynamics of an electoral competition and its outcomes. The authors argue that electoral violence is used to advance the Russian authoritarian regime, which is a modern form of authoritarian rule. By analysing the post-electoral turmoil and the response of authorities to public demonstrations, we depict the regime's ability to adapt its position to maximise outcomes in the political conflict and opportunistically select the best tool to achieve its goals. We further argue that Russia, with its authoritarian tendencies, utilises confrontation dynamics during elections in order to allow the politicisation of various latent conflicts (interest- or value-oriented) that are impossible to solve in the everyday depoliticised routine of the undemocratic system.

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European Union at the crossroads: The European perspectives after the global crisis

Author(s): / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2011

In May 2011, during the Hungarian EU presidency a big international conference was organized in Budapest that offered a good occasion to review of the SBH team presidency and to look beyond to the competitive Europe in the postcrisis period in both national and regional terms. No doubt that the European Union arrived at the crossroads and it necessitated to deal with the European perspectives after the global crisis. So this issue has become the central topic, and also the title of the present, 14th volume of this series, based mostly on the papers of the Budapest expert conference. The protracted global crisis took a “W” shape that culminated in the summer 2011, in such a way the authors closed their chapters in an open ending game in August 2011.

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Fundament systemu. Starzy i nowi oligarchowie na Ukrainie

Author(s): Wojciech Kononczuk / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2016

Ponad dwa lata po rewolucji na Majdanie system oligarchiczny pozostaje kluczowym mechanizmem kształtującym życie polityczne i gospodarcze Ukrainy. W tym czasie doszło wprawdzie do osłabienia wpływów wcześniej najsilniejszych grup oligarchicznych, jednak żadna – poza tzw. Rodziną, czyli grupą skupioną wokół byłego prezydenta Janukowycza, nie została wyeliminowana. Zdolność oligarchów do utrzymania wpływów wynika głównie ze słabości władz w Kijowie i zachowania silnych instrumentów umożliwiających obronę swoich pozycji, w tym kontroli nad mediami i niektórymi strategicznymi sektorami gospodarki. Na konserwację systemu oligarchicznego wpłynęła przede wszystkim decyzja części postmajdanowych elit politycznych o wejściu w nieformalny sojusz z oligarchami. Jednocześnie obserwowany jest proces powstawania w otoczeniu najwyższych władz Ukrainy nowych grup polityczno-biznesowych, które również można nazwać oligarchicznymi. Oligarchowie pozostają jedną z największych przeszkód w modernizacji Ukrainy. Podważenie ich wpływów będzie uzależnione od tego, czy obecne fasadowe instytucje uda się zastąpić instytucjami niezawisłymi i stabilnymi, co jest najważniejszym zadaniem reform.

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Journalists' Perceptions of Nomenklatura Networks and Media Ownership in Post-communist Bulgaria

Author(s): Lada Trifonova Price / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2015

This article discusses the role of the former communist party elite (the nomenklatura) in the Bulgarian post-communist media landscape in relation to media ownership and the origin of media outlets’ capital. The spotlight is on Bulgarian journalists’ perceptions explored in semi-structured interviews with media professionals from the capital city, Sofia. The findings indicate that Bulgarian journalists are strongly interested in, and concerned with, the influence of members of the former nomenklatura and their informal networks on the Bulgarian media landscape and particularly on the way Bulgarian media in Bulgaria have been owned and financed since 1989.

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Legislative Regulation and Practice of Imposition of Punishment in the Form of Fine and Forfeiture for the Corruption-Related Crimes in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Author(s): Zhaniya KUMARBEKKYZY,Assel Muratovna ALIBEKOVA,Oxana Borisovna FILIPETS / Language(s): English / Issue: 6(20)/2016

For corruption offenses in the Republic of Kazakhstan administrative and criminal responsibility is stipulated. Criminal responsibility is the strictest legal mean of responding to the manifestations of corruption. Kazakhstan undertakes system legal, organizational and institutional measures of anti-corruption management. At the same time the aim of improving the efficiency of the anti-corruption policy requires active involvement in it of the civil society institutions. The practitioners positively estimate the innovation of multiple fines and only approve the transition of forfeiture of the property obtained by illegal means. So, the methods of the definition of illegal origin of the property should be developed. In these issues the experience of the foreign countries may be useful for Kazakhstan.

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On the Lost Purpose of Transition

Author(s): Igor Lukšic / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

After a quarter of a century, it is not a waste of time to reassess the effects of the transition process. Have we missed the purpose? The transition can be given scrutiny through different models, but also through the integration process which runs danger of falling into the pit of constructivism. The transition was (or should have been) about moving from a hampered into an unhampered market society in the first place. It is obvious that we are far from there. The new political global landscape in the making will probably drive further away. That is why some international financial organisations and academics seem to be changing their focus. Probably logically so, but the true question is whether the process and the policy-making is about letting an individual make decisions freely, or about reconstructing paternalism in different forms including the battle between those who want to close down to the globalisation and those who claim the opening up is an inevitable process. Reducing corruption and increasing transparency along with long haul education reforms that spur entrepreneurial spirit in order to make political and market reforms sustainable, may be a quest to seek the lost purpose of transition.

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Opseg privatizacije masmedija u Srbiji

Author(s): Boban Tomic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 5/2007

Privatisation of the mass media in Serbia is a part of a large-scale privatisation of public and state property in companies. It has been carried out since 2001 as a part of transitional processes with an aim to adapt social and economic atmosphere in the country to European surroundings and modern practice in the world. Privatisation regulations were issued during 2001, but the first results were not satisfactory. Although spirit of the law requires privatisation to become a means to improve the mass media activities and profession, it rarely happens in practice. The first examples of privatisation were marked by manipulations and misuses, which endangers the existence of the mass media activities. The most common motivation for acquisition of the mass media companies is their material value, but not the intention to develop informative, educational and entertaining function of the mass media. It increases the danger for majority of the mass media to be closed down, which could negatively affect the whole social process. The most important problem is the fact that representatives of employees, i.e. journalists and editors, do not take part in the process of privatisation, which could be highly beneficial, since they are, because of numerous specific qualities, particularly interested in successful reforming of the mass media. Considering the fact that privatisation of majority of the public and state mass media companies has not been finished yet, it is necessary to issue new regulations and a new model of the mass media ownership transformation. Accordingly, the optimal model, which includes both employees and founders of the mass media in the process of ownership transformation, is suggested. The main point is to transfer the activity from the state to the local community and employees and founders so that financial effects could be positive for all the sides included. This model complies with modern regulations in Europe and it satisfies all interested social factors. It could improve operating conditions of the mass media, fully contribute to the social and economic development of the country as well as democratisation of the society.

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Participation or New Media Use First? Reconsidering the Role of New Media in Civic Practices in the Czech Republic

Author(s): Jakub Macek,Alena Macková,Johana Kotišová / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2015

The article discusses qualitative research on the mundane civic practices of some Czechs, with a specific focus on the role of new media. It works with a context-oriented approach in order to avoid media-centrism. Our research is focussed on the ways in which civic practices are structured by immediate and wider social and political contexts and how they are experienced by post-socialist citizens from villages and large cities. The role of new media and the place of civic practices in everyday life is analysed with respect to these contexts. The research based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with 22 politically and publicly active citizens indicates that Czechs experience a similar crisis in relation to institutional politics as their counterparts in long established democracies and it reveals tell-tale differences between the social spaces of villages and cities both in participatory practices and in civic uses of new media. However, the study does not indicate a radical, new media-driven transformation of citizenship, rather it suggests subtle shifts in practices and a pragmatic mixing of face-to-face communication and traditional media (print, public address systems, noticeboards) with new communication technologies.

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