25 DE ANI, ÎNCEPUTUL SFÂRŞITULUI ECONOMIEI ROMÂNEŞTI

Author(s): I. Gabriel Năstase / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 22/2015

At the beginning of 1990, after the overthrow of the communist regime, the capital of companies, both those in production and services and those in the trade, was kept in an overwhelming proportion of the Romanian state.In the 25 years since the abolition of the communist regime, the main objectives for privatization were taken by foreign investors who hold the controlling stake, so: • cement industry; • Telecommunications; • Steel industry; • Exploitation of oil; • Gas exploitation; • Construction of cars; • Some of the major objectives of mechanical engineering and chemical industry etc.

A NEW MILESTONE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT – MOBBING IN A CONTINUOUSLY CHANGING WORK ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): OANA MARIA DRAGOMIR / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

It is well known that the managers, leaders, company owners and even more, the researchers have been in a continuous competition in finding and providing the best workplace. Being considered both physical and psychological aspects, all the concerns have been directed to finding a better space, more light, proper smell and sound, sitting or standing desk positions, dressing etiquette and so on, or motivating factors such as trainings, flexible schedules, pay and benefits programs, vacations and many others. All of them thought to raise the balance, the productivity and why not, the happiness of working people in all positions. Furthermore, the leadership aspects were taken very seriously and true leaders became the voices of their teams, but still, a job is a job, and people, due to their nature, get competitive. Competition has more advantages than disadvantages, but we will have to take into consideration that fact that a race would reveal both the best and the worst in people. This is why, more and more, worldwide, we are facing a lot of issues that are apart from the managers’ development plans. We are taking into consideration rough actions like lack of freedom of expression – meaning criticism in front of others, interruptions, verbal threats – or even more, isolation in its many aspects. In addition, the practice of discrediting co-workers is well-known from all times. Generally speaking, we are facing mobbing, considered to be a communicative situation that produces serious damages, both physical and psychological, with long periods of recovery of working people. The aim of the paper is to underline once again that all the management programs may fail unless real-time measures are taken in order to stop the many and various actions of harassment at the workplace and also to provide some guidelines in avoiding the process of terror among co-workers.

A RECIPE FOR EFFICIENT AND CORRUPTION-FREE PUBLIC SECTOR

Author(s): Oliver O. Okanazu,Maureen Anayo Madu,Samuel A Igboke / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

This study centred on innovative practices that the management of public sector in Nigeria, Enugu State in particular should adopt to ensure efficient and corruption-free public sector. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The study contains the research results conducted in the Ministry of Finance and Local Government Affairs of Enugu State, Nigeria. The ministry consisted of 521 senior and junior members. A questionnaire survey was applied to collect the necessary data. The chosen method was validated by three experts. The Cronbach Alpha Reliability Method was used, and a general reliability coefficient of 0.83 was obtained. The obtained data was analysed and the set hypotheses tested using mean, standard deviation and t-test statistics. Generally, the study found out that public sector managers in Nigeria, Enugu States in particular agreed that the innovative recruitment/selection, training/development, compensation/motivation practices will serve as a recipe for efficient and corruption-free public sector.

AB Üyesi Geçiş Ekonomisi Ülkelerinde Yolsuzluk Algısı

Author(s): Bahar Yaşar,Berna Hızarcı Beşer / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2018

The increasing level of corruption is one of the most important problems facing transition economies in the process of adopting the free market economy. Studies that emphasize the level of democratization are among the factors that are effective in reducing corruption in recent years. Transition economies seeking to enter the European Union are taking important steps towards democratization. This study examines the change in corruption perception scores of Poland, Croatia, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia, before and after accession to the European Union. It is seen that the perception of corruption is relatively lower in transition countries where democratization is high. It is thought that other transition economies will increase their democratization efforts towards membership to the EU and change the perception of corruption.

Accountability, Taking Responsibility and Protection of Minorities and their Influence on the Police Organization Performance

Author(s): Nicolae Aurelian Bibu,Bashir Ghanim / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

Transparency and accountability are the main levers of current public policy. In every public organization, citizens expect accountability, transparency and fairness. This is more intensive when we discuss about the Israeli Police which is a public organization that is allowed to activate force and to deprive the freedom of the citizen. Avidar, Sagi & Zuk (2014) argue that effective and efficient policing is the result of many factors. It depends not only on the efficiency of the police or its diligence, but also on the relationships between the police and the community that is serves. The RAND Report (2014) presents a model for efficient and effective policing which is based on procedural justice. The basis for the RAND Model (2014) is that the Israeli Police needs a more efficient strategy in developing and cultivating public support for it. In order to influence public support for the Israeli Police, the Israeli Police should adopt a modern policing model. This is involved in adopting strategies for increasing police transparency, increasing accountability and reducing existing stigmas regarding minorities. This model has been tested and presented in this article.

Accounting Information Indispensable Source for the Discovery of Tax Evasion in the Field of Products Subject to Excise

Author(s): Dorel Mateş,Eduard Ajtay,Antonela Sandu (Ursachi) / Language(s): English / Issue: 09/2015

The present article aims to highlight the kinds of tax evasion methods in the field of products subject to excise duty and the role of the tax inspection in combating them. The research reveals which are the most common methods of tax evasion, but it tries to discern the probable developments of the process. The article has in view the inexorable reality, namely that the ingenuity method of tax fraud increases with the emergence of the new rules or barriers to the fraud. Following the research carried out we found that the tax evasion phenomenon in the field of products subject to excise duty has currently a significant impact in the economic and social Romanian reality. In order to reduce the tax evasion phenomenon in the field of products subject to excise duty, it must set up a mechanism for monitoring, oversight and fiscal control as well as the amendment of legislation, the tax evasion being mainly a consequence of the inaccuracies or imperfection of laws.

Afera „Putnik" (Promet stranaca u Jugoslaviji i Ministarstvo Saobraćaja.)

Author(s): Š. I. Sinovčić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 05/1925

U optužbi koja je od strane narodnih poslanika podnesena Narodnoj Skupštini protivu bivšeg Ministra Saobraćaja G. Veližara Jankovića, izmedju četiri stvari za koje se kaže da se u tome momentu iznose, a da se G. Janković njima ogrešio o zakone i naneo državi znatne materijalne štete, i da je zloupotrebio svoju vlast, na prvome je mestu: Ugovor G. Jankovića sa društvom ≫Putnik≪, koji je zaključen 20. jula 1923, te kojim je društvu ≫Putnik≪ osigurana provizija od 3 posto, i 5 posto, za prodate karte koje to društvo prodaje za račun države.

Agencija za borbu protiv korupcije: položaj, problemi i prepreke u procesu kontrole finansiranja političkih stranaka tokom izborne kampanje

Author(s): Milenko Elez / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 20/2018

This text, in a wider methodological sense, aims to show how control of financing of political entities during the election campaigns is carried out, but also, on the other hand, to point out to all obstacles, problems and the legal position of the anti-Corruption agency, as the supervisor that performs this kind of control.The text is divided into two parts. in the first part of the text, we focus our attention on all current problems that directly and indirectly complicate the full control of the financing of political entities, such as the political influence and the way of election of members of the administrator which performs control, but also the legal framework within which the control process is carried out. in this part of the text, the author also presents important recommendations on how to make the control more efficient and how the institutional capacity of the anti-Corruption agency can be increased.The second part of the article deals with the analysis of concrete examples in practice, irregularities that can be perceived on the basis of these examples, which relate to the financing of political entities. The basic measuring instrument and indicator through which we determine the adequacy of control and any irregularities that can be observed is an analysis of the reports submitted by the political entities to the anti-Corruption agency.

AL-QAEDA IN THE ARABIAN PENINSULA –PROFILE, HYPOTHESES AND PREDICTIONS

Author(s): Alexandru Stoica / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

AQAP, whose original purpose was to overthrow the Saudi monarchy,resulted from the merger with Yemen's Al-Qaeda, in 2009, whose stability was well anchored at national level. Since that period, which corresponds to the weakening of Al-Qaeda's terrorist projects in Pakistan, AQAP has seen an increase in its power and influence. The ability to organize international attacks, to capture Yemeni cities and regions through local groups, or to train foreign fighters, the South-Arab branch of the Al-Qaeda network gets an aura among terrorist organizations at a time when there is an increasing lack of certainty regarding the future of the parent organization.

An Approach to Fraud Risk Management

Author(s): Monica Puiu / Language(s): English / Issue: 05/2014

Nowadays, globalisation and business internalisation have led to an increased number of frauds in organisations worldwide. The most affected are the multinational corporations because of the geographical distance, different fiscal systems and local factors that consist in tremendous opportunities for employees and/or managers to involve in fraud schemes. Starting from recent studies and prior efforts of international organisations or countries to stop fraud by imposing regulations to be respected for the economic environment, the purpose of the paper is finding the key factors for detecting and preventing fraud in the organisations. In our approach we use several proposals for a conceptual framework developed by two companies of “The big four”, KPMG and Deloitte. The results indicate that for the number of fraud to decrease, any organisation needs to develop and implement a strong anti-fraud plan, by covering all logical steps to be made in this matter.

AN ATTEMPT AT DIPLOMACY: HOW THE PURSUIT OF A NUCLEAR DEAL WITH IRAN AFFECTED THE UNITED STATES-ISRAEL RELATIONS

Author(s): Anda Ghilescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

This article follows the United States’ pursuit of a comprehensive agreement with Iran over its nuclear program, by putting it in the context of U.S. – Israel relations. Firstly, it offers an overview of the highly contextual relations between Israel and Iran, in order to understand the historical evolution of their present-day rivalry. Secondly, it observes the Iranian regime under Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in the aftermath of George W. Bush’s foreign policy actions, and the increased international focus on Iran’s nuclear capabilities. Finally, the focus shifts from President Bush to President Obama and how his foreign policy priorities in the Middle East, particularly the dialogue with Iran, affected the relations with the Israeli government the closer the negotiators got to achieving a final nuclear agreement. This paper seeks to emphasize the interdependent character of the Iran-Israel-U.S. dynamics through the perspective of one of the most pressing regional and international concerns: Iran’s nuclear program.

An empirical analysis of the determinants of economic growth in the Western Balkans

Author(s): Besnik Taip Fetai,Besime Fekri Mustafi,Ariana Besnik Fetai / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The objective of this paper is to assess the main determinants and the policies that affect economic growth in the Western Balkan over the period 1994 to 2015. It employs techniques such as pooled OLS, fixed and random effects model, and Hausman-Taylor model with instrumental variables (IV). The study shows evidence of conditional convergence, indicating the need for an upward move in the steady state level. The results show that foreign direct investments, gross savings and domestic credit to the private sector have a positive effect on per capita growth. On the other hand, initial level of per capita growth, corruption, unemployment, and general government final consumption, have a negative relationship with per capita growth. The study also shows a puzzling result, that schooling is not a significant factor for growth in Western Balkans. The study also highlights the relevance of attracting more foreign direct investments and reduction in corruption

Analiza Zakona o lobiranju Republike Srbije

Author(s): Smilja Obradović / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 2019

Lobbying Law is a new law in the legal framework of the Republic of Serbia, which will start to apply in the second half of 2019. The envisaged legal solutions were subject to detailed analysis. The reasons for the adoption of this regulation have been explained and the envisaged structure of the participants in this procedure was considered. The conditions for conducting this activity and the role of the Anti-Corruption Agency and its significance for the implementation of this law have been presented. Finally, a critical review of the implementation of the lobbying process has been carried out, where it was concluded that the anti-corruption purpose of this regulation has not been realized and that similar activities have already been conducted in Serbia under the auspices of some other laws. Additionally, the state authorities are not recognized as the bearers of the activities regarding the regulations’ improvement and the Lobbying Law does not foresee any obligation of state authorities in the lobbying process. The only justified reason for passing this law is the realization of the undertaken international obligations in the process of accession to the European Union.

Animale politice de primavara

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Author(s): Ion Mureşan / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 03+04/2017

The text is a subtle analysis of the Romanian contemporary political class.

Anti-corruption in Moldova and Ukraine: A V4 Handbook of Best Practices

Author(s): / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2015

Corruption is the most oft-cited obstacle in relations between the EU and two of its eastern partners, Moldova and Ukraine. Seeping through public and private exchanges alike, systemic corruption impedes sectoral reforms—a crucial element of modernisation. The handbook offers concrete case studies from the Visegrad countries’ anti-corruption policy tracks and proposes solutions on how Moldova and Ukraine can best capitalise on the EU’s expertise, financial assistance and political momentum in anti-corruption reforms to minimise risk and optimise success.

Anti-Corruption Policy of the State: Strategies and Methods

Author(s): Maria Shediy,Pavel A. MERKULOV,Vadim POTOMSKY,Vadim SOKOLOV,Fedor SMIRNOV / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2018

Anti-corruption policy consists in development and realization of various and successive measures of the state and society for elimination (minimization) of the causes and conditions that create and feed corruption in different spheres of life. Taking into account that corruption can expand and change without constant opposition, it is necessary to distinguish the anti￾corruption function of the state as one of its basic tasks. The article views the main types of anti-corruption strategies, realized by modern states and determines both positive and negative consequences of their implementation. The article also analyzes the main methods of opposing corruption, applied in state structures, and performs the attempt to evaluate their effectiveness for the Russian Federation from the position of determined regularities of corruption behavior.

Anti-Corruption Protests Pressure Putin Ahead of 2018 Presidential Election

Author(s): Łukasz Jasina,Agnieszka Legucka / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2017

In March, the most significant anti-government protests since 2012 took place in Russia, ostensibly against corruption. The biggest political winner was opposition leader Alexei Navalny, who wants to run in next year’s presidential election. The protests have forced Russian President Vladimir Putin to find a new electoral strategy. In addition to social and economic issues, he and his authorities aim to mobilise Russian voters on other important issues, such as the threat of terrorism. This means that the Russian election campaign in 2018 will be dominated by both anti-corruption and state security themes.

ANTI-CORRUPTION VALUES IN THE SYSTEM OF BRITISH POLITICAL AXIOSPHERE

Author(s): Ihor Kushnarоv / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Purpose of research. The purpose of the article is to investigate the features of the British axiosphere as an example of public attitudes to political and other forms of corruption. Methodology. The research methodology is the neo-institutional analysis that considers corruption as a destructive informal institution with a devastating effect on the stability of the state. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the author’s original analysis of the problem of the lack of "zero tolerance" for corruption among the British people, who continue to tolerate it, as well as of the corruption pragmatism of the policy makers. Conclusions. The article states that, despite significant progress in combating all forms of corruption, a peculiar value confrontation of the “anti-culture of corruption” against the “culture of anti-corruption” is characteristic for the Great Britain. It is proved that, despite a large number of strategies, concepts, doctrines etc., a successful anti-corruption policy is impossible without fundamental changes in the social and individual consciousness, significant positive adjustments in norms, rules, and behavior of all kinds of political actors. It is argued that the modern British anti-corruption policy matrix, in order to be effective, should base the fight against corruption not only on the institutional mechanism, but also on formation of a high level of anti-corruption culture among the public, which should become the basis for building the whole system of corruption practices counteraction.

APPLYING THE LOYAL OPPOSITION TRADITION TO FOREIGN POLICY: A U.S.-UKRAINE CASE STUDY (PART II)

Author(s): Isaiah Winters / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

This two-part research project analyzes U.S. foreign policy during the Ukraine Crisis from the viewpoint of loyalty to democracy. By applying the standards expected of loyal opposition parties to the U.S., the foreign policy approach taken is shown to have been disloyal to Ukraine’s fragile democracy, as it contributed to an undemocratic transition of power in the form of a coup d'état. Ultimately, the failure of the U.S. to remain loyal to Ukraine’s democratic process (the way a “loyal opposition state” would have) is explained by the Obama administration’s liberal imperialist approach to foreign policy, whose first loyalty was to U.S. interests, not Ukrainian political sovereignty.

Ar nedidelės vertės atsidėkojimo dovanos medikui pripažinimas kyšiu nepažeidžia ultima ratio principo?

Author(s): Agnė Vasiliauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1(19)/2019

Lithuania is considered to be one of the most corrupted states in the sphere of health care in the European Union. Every third inhabitant of Lithuania is inclinable to pay medic off the record. Most often payments are symbolic ones (amounting to €50). Obviously, the extent of corruption in the sphere of health care is a tender question in Lithuania that is rarely investigated both in jurisprudence and in judiciary practice.With intend to safeguard clearness and reduced corruption in the sphere of health care, the standard of Art.6.470 part 4 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania allowed medics to take symbolic gifts with value that does not exceed the sum of one minimal life level. Therefore, such symbolic gratuity was criminalised and criminal liability was determined to both a medic and a patient. In 2002 the conception of a state officer was extended. Since a medic has been equated to a state officer, the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania prohibits to take any kind of presents, whereas the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania allow to take symbolic presents the value of which is amounting to 1 MLL (€50). According to international recommendations presented to GRECO, the standard of Art.6.470 part 4 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania was defeated in 2006. Since that moment any gift presented to a medic is considered as a criminal deed prevising criminal responsibility according to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania both to a medic (art.225 – bribery) and a patient (art.227 – bribe).However, during a period of 12 years (since the criminalisation of bribery) there are only a few cases where medics or patients are criminated with corruption in the sphere of health care; what concerns crime doing, i.e. minor corruption – the only one case. Meanwhile, other state officers (for example, police officers) are penalized more often even though corruption is less. The question can be raised on the oneness of the relations between medics and patients. It seems that the Criminal Code is not valid for them and criminal law is not a means to solve a problem, i.e. acknowledgement of a small value gratuity gift for a medic as a bribe does not infringe ultima ratio principle?This article deals with legal regulations, i.e. acknowledgement of a small value gratuity gift for a medic as a bribe does not infringe ultima ratio principle (inevitability of criminal law failing alternative means of responsibility).On purpose to answer this legal question, it is established that it is necessary to follow certain criminalized activities. It means that it is necessary to ground such deed as criminalization of cultural common gratuity to a medic with a symbolic gift (amounting to €50) according to criminal law due to its level of insecurity to main goods of the state and declare if such gratuity gift for a medic as a bribe does not infringe ultima ratio principle. It is discovered when a medic is a special subject of XXXIII chapter of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, i.e. equated to a state officer. It is necessary to clear what a non-official gratuity to a medic is – a bribery or a gift? The dichotomy of a bribe and a gift as well as the historical development of a gift / bribery taking is disputed. It is necessary to answer the question if acknowledgement of a small value gratuity gift (amounting to €50) for a medic as a bribe does not infringe ultima ratio principleThe fulfilled analysis of scientific papers, empiric investigation, legal deeds and documents allow to state that insecurity of symbolic gratuity criminalization is not proven. Not only criminal responsibility but also other forms of responsibility can reduce minor bribery in the sphere of health care. It can be concluded that even though symbolic non-official payment is considered to be a criminal activity; however, its implementation has to be secured by means of demerit, civil and administrative law.In conclusion, it can be stated that alternative means are not debated, it is unclear how such criminalization influences on the reduction of corruption in the sphere of health care, how it is implemented in a criminal process, etc. The hypothesis that gratuity to a medic with a symbolic gift (amounting to €50) can not be called bribery was proved. As a result, one of the main criminalization criteria – ultima ratio principle is infringed.