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За татарите от Североизточна България и техните забравени гласове

Author(s): Veneta Yankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

This article aims to provide unknown information about the traditional culture of the Tatars from Northeastern Bulgaria. This ethnic community today is experiencing a process of active linguistic and cultural assimilation. The text analyses the two main cases. The first illustrates the role of the science and the work of researchers as an important tool against forgetting. The second provides the so-called аutosanction. In this example it means suppression and destruction of relics, which are valuable ethno-cultural characteristics of the community. The observations are the result of the analysis of publications in Hungarian ethnographic editions, of fieldwork in the region of Dobrich (Dobrich, Onogur, Yovkovo) and of archival work.

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Международният ромски съюз, световните цигански конгреси и активистите на циганското движение в Шумен (1966–1981 г.)

Author(s): Dimitrinka Demirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The present article follows the relations of the Gypsy activists from Shumen with the International Roma Union, the attempts to send representatives to three of its congresses, as well as the control exercised by the authorities on these activities in the period 1966–1981. Archival documents and narratives of the witnesses of the events or of their relatives have been used. First of all, the analysis of the documents and narratives shows that the so called Gypsy nationalism (that lead to putting under observation of the Gypsy activists and to the restriction of their attempts to maintain contacts with the International Roma Union) was groundless. The article will also show that the self-study attempt of the Gypsies in Bulgaria were actually the efforts of a small group of representatives of the Roma intelligentsia, but not an all-Roma movement.

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Международна научна конференция по повод 150 години БАН „Актуални проблеми в изучаването на нематериалното културно наследство и прилагането на Конвенция 2003. Приносът на учените от БАН“

Author(s): Stela Nenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Scientific life, events

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Mozgalmi szakszervezetiség és szolidáris gazdasági gyakorlatok Kelet-Európában

Author(s): Nóra Fülöp / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 27/2020

The six organizations described in the following essay implement different practices of solidarity economy in Southern and Eastern Europe. The first initiative described is ROZA, which supports serbian women workers in labor law issues. Then the activity of Women's Foundation for Reconstruction from Belgrad will be described, which enable economic and political independence for progressive groups, as well as individuals who fight against women's oppression, ethnicity or militarism. In addition will be the Croatia based BRID presented, an initiative that develops trade unions and supports workers. The third section of the text describes a project, the Workers´ University, that supported a factory occupation in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the aim of getting the plant under self-management and restarting its production. The second last solidarity economy example will be Solidarity Network, which is uniting trade union struggles to increase the political power of organized workers in the precarious economic environment in Georgia. The essay is to be concluded with the case of the Croatian Cooperative for Ethical Financing, which aims the economic and energy independence of communities through the establishment of a cooperative and its ethical bank, that focuses on social reproduction and is about to fulfill the financial needs of cooperative members. The purpose of this essay is to inspire progressive people, as well as initiatives and encourage their cooperation.

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Съвременната детска благотворителност в Смолян – институции и прояви

Author(s): Elya Tsaneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The article results from fieldwork research and presents three forms of charitable activity in the town of Smolyan, which take place in three institutions: 1. A secondary school in Smolyan, 2. An emblematic Christian temple in the city, and 3. An organization with a non-governmental profile – all three with the involvement and participation of children/ pupils/ youth. The choice to study these charitable activities within the Cultural Heritage, National Memory and Social Development National Research Programme was inspired by the need to document these events. They have already existed for several years and deserve promotion and validation because of their high educational and civic purpose. Additionally, valuable messages could be found in these activities from the period of the Bulgarian Renaissance – a complicated transitional time similar to the present, when young people became citizens through the suggestions of public charitable and donor formats.

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W kręgu różnic i nieporozumień. Zachód i państwa Wschodu wobec wyzwania budowy wspólnej narracji o dziejach Europy w XX wieku

Author(s): Tomasz Stryjek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The essay concerns attempts to shape a common narrative about the history of Europe in the 1939–1991 period made by representatives of the Western Europe and the region of Central and Eastern Europe (East) since the fall of communism and collapse of the Eastern Bloc. It shows at the beginning the encounter and next the clash between two different historical experiences and narratives of West and East, and as a result the growing misunderstandings. The author distinguishes three strategies of the politics of memory used by the Eastern states internally and toward neighbors: historical reconciliation, transitional justice and national identity politics of memory. The author analyzes how the latter prevailed in the post-Yugoslav states in 1990s and in the states located on the Timothy Snyder's Bloodlands in the second decade of 21st century. Of a special subject of analysis are the two most explosive contemporary memory conflicts in the region: Serbian-Croatian and Polish-Ukrainian. The author shows how these conflicts developed in the conditions of a growing lack of understanding of the East by the West. The West representatives in the EU did not fully admit the postulates to change the common historical narrative in Europe put forward by the representatives of the East. Neither the entire EU nor its old member states did take a position on the disputes over memory between the Eastern states. As a result these conflicts linger and the prospects for ending them are weak.

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Gra w antykomunizm. Przyczynek do analizy dyskursu

Author(s): Adam Ostolski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

This paper aims to map function(s) and genealogies of anticommunist discourses in Poland after 2015. It is done through a critical review of existing academic literature, a comparative contrast with pre-2005 situation (the period of the postcommunist cleavage), and an analysis of selected samples of contemporary anticommunist discourses, embedded in the theoretical premises of Laclau and Mouffe’s theory of hegemony. The analysis leads to the conclusion that „anticommunism” is a floating signifier shared by several competing discourses rather than being a sign of a unified anticommunist hegemony, that anticommunist themes express and impress a critical memory of the neoliberal transition period rather than that of the Polish People’s Republic, and that the dominance of anticommunist discourses contributes, on both sides of the political cleavage, to the undermining of the democratic political logic.

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O budowaniu państwa

Author(s): Maja Biernacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

This essay is dedicated to a book written by Tomasz Rawski titled "Boszniacki nacjonalizm. Strategie budowania narodu po 1995 roku" (Eng.: "Bosniac nationalism. Nation-building strategies after the year 1995") which was published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar in the year 2019. Basing on an analysis of contemporary politics of memory in Bosnia and Herzegovina relating to the 1992–1995 war, the author presents two antagonistic nation-building strategies.

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Как да изследваме количествено динамиките на революции, бунтове и протести? Анализът на колективни събития

Author(s): Ivaylo Dinev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

The article presents one of the traditional methods in the social sciences for the research and explanation of long-term historical processes such as revolutions, riots, uprisings, protest cycles and waves – the analysis of the collective events. The steps in collecting and coding a quantitative database, the types of sources, procedures, techniques and potential biases are discussed. The application of the method in historical science is illustrated by Sidney Tarow's study of the protest cycle in Italy in the 1960s and 1970s. The end of the article contains some of the most popular publicly available databases for collective mobilizations indifferent historical periods and describes possible directions for historical research.

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SHORT NOTES/GENERAL WORKS

Author(s): Maria Cieśla,Antoni Grabowski,Bartosz Kaliski,Adam Kożuchowski,Grzegorz Krzywiec,Rafał Rutkowski,Hubert Wilk / Language(s): English Issue: 120/2019

General works: Wspólne dziedzictwo. Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów w polskiej, litewskiej i ukraińskiej historiografii XIX – XXI wieku [Common Legacy. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Polish, Ukrainian, and Lithuanian Historiography from the Nineteenth till the Twenty-First Century], ed. by Mariola Hoszowska, Joanna Pisulińska, Paweł Sierżęga and Leonid Zaszkilniak, University of Rzeszów Press, Rzeszów, 2019, 283 pp. Żydzi polscy w oczach historyków [Polish Jews in Historical Research], ed. by Adam Kaźmierczyk and Alicja Maślak-Maciejewska, Jagiellonian University Press, Kraków, 2018, 263 pp., index of persons Urszula Glensk, Hirszfeldowie. Zrozumieć krew [The Hirszfeld Family. Understanding the Blood], Universitas, Kraków, 2018, 496 pp., photos Marek Górlikowski, Noblista z Nowolipek. Józefa Rotblata wojna o pokój [A Nobel Prize-Winner from Nowolipki Street. Joseph Rotblat’s War for Peace], Wydawnictwo Znak, Kraków, 2018, 507 pp., index Jacek Małczyński, Krajobrazy Zagłady. Perspektywa historii środowiskowej [Landscapes of the Holocaust. A Perspective into Environmental History], Instytut Badań Literackich PAN, Warszawa, 2018, 247 pp., bibliog., ills. Anna M. Brzezińska, Spór o średniowiecze. Z rozważań nad tożsamością kulturową Europy: Jacques Le Goff, Jerzy Kłoczowski, Aron Gurie wicz [A Dispute Over the Middle Ages. Considerations on Europe’s Cultural Identity: Jacques Le Goff, Jerzy Kłoczowski, Aron Gurevich], Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź, 2018, 216 pp., bibliog., index of persons Stanisław Rosik, Sylwia Jędrzejewska, and Karol Kollinger (eds.), Hierofanie, wierzenia, obrzędy… Kultura symboliczna w średniowieczu między pogaństwem a chrześcijaństwem [Hierophanies, Beliefs, Rituals: The Symbolic Culture in the Middle Ages, between Paganism and Christianity], Materiały V Kongresu Mediewistów Polskich [Materials of the Fifth Congress of Polish Medievalists], ii, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszów, 2018, 252 pp., ills., English summary Andrzej Buko (ed.), Początki chrześcijaństwa na pograniczu mazowiecko- ruskim [The Origins of Christianity at the Masovian-Rus’sian Borderland], Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, Warszawa, 2019, 388 pp. Janusz Lewandowicz, Klasztory, mnisi, mniszki. Obraz życia monastycznego w „Registrum epistularum” Grzegorza Wielkiego na tle prawa cesarskiego i kościelnego [Monasteries, Monks and Nuns. The Image of Monastic Life in Gregory the Great’s Registrum epistularum, in the Context of the Imperial and Ecclesiastical Law], Wydawnictwo Benedyktynów, Tyniec, 2018, 440 pp., Latin, Polish, and Greek material indices, index of names and sources, bibliog Antoni Grabowski, The Construction of Ottonian Kingship. Narratives and Myth in Tenth-Century Germany, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2018, 294 pp. Piotr Okniński, Narodziny miasta komunalnego. Struktury ustrojowe, ramy przestrzenne i podstawy gospodarcze Krakowa w XIII wieku [The Birth of a Municipal City. Institutional Structures, Spatial Framework and Economic Foundations of Cracow in the 13th Century], Instytut Historii PAN, Warszawa, 2018, 204 pp. Karol IV Luksemburski [Charles IV of Luxembourg], Liber de gestis meis, translated into Polish by Magdalena Nowakowska, with an introduction, afterword, notes, and bibliography by Anna Paner, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk, 2019, 178 pp., index of names, bibliog.; series: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum Najdawniejsze przywileje królewskie miasta Bielska z XV i XVI w. [The Earliest Royal Privileges Granted to the Town of Bielsk from the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries], ed. by Waldemar Bukowski and Dorota Michaluk, Muzeum Rolnictwa im. ks. Krzysztofa Kluka, Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych, Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Podlaskiego – Departament Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego, Ciechanowiec, Warszawa and Białystok, 2018, 115 pp., ills., source texts in Latin and Ruthenian, and as translated into Polish (by Waldemar Bukowski, Krzysztof Pawłowski, Jarosław Zawadzki, and Krzysztof Pietkiewicz); series: Lokacje miast podlaskich Wojciech Tygielski, Dylematy włoskiego emigranta. Giovanni Battista Jacobelli (1603–1697), śpiewak i kapelan nadworny, kanonik warmiński [Dilemmas of an Italian Emigré. Giovanni Battista Jacobelli (1603–97), Singer and Court Chaplain, Canon of Warmia], Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie, Warszawa, 2019, 443 pp.; series: Silva Rerum Kirill A. Kochegarov, Ukraina i Rossiia vo vtoroi polovine XVII veka: politika, diplomatiia, kul’tura. Ocherki [Ukraine and Russia in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century: Politics, Diplomatic Service, Culture. Studies], Kvadriga, Moskva, 2019, 424 pp. Joanna Schmidt, Zdrowie mieszczan w dobie oświecenia: polityka zdrowotna właścicieli miast prywatnych z pogranicza polsko-litewskiego [The Health of Burghers in the Time of Enlightenment: Health Policies of Owners of Private Towns in the Polish-Lithuanian Borderland], Książnica Podlaska im. Łukasza Górnickiego, Białystok, 2018, 165 pp. Sejm Niemy: między mitem a reformą państwa [The ‘Silent Sejm’: Between a Myth and the State Reform], ed. by Michał Zwierzykowski, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa, 2019, bibliog., 407 pp Antologia okolicznościowej poezji politycznej bezkrólewia i wojny o tron polski (1733–1735) [Anthology of Commemorative Political Poetry From the Period of Interregnum and the War for the Throne of Poland, 1733–35], ed. by Rafał Niedziela, Towarzystwo Wydawnicze Historia Iagellonica, Kraków, 2019, 281 pp. Między Konstytucją a Targowicą: korespondencja i pisma polityczne prymasa Michała Jerzego Poniatowskiego [Between the Constitution and Targowica: Correspondence and Political Writings of Primate Michał Jerzy Poniatowski], ed. by Angela Sołtys, Rambler, Warszawa, 2018, 209 pp. Adam Mieczysław Skałkowski, Aleksander Wielopolski w świetle archiwów rodzinnych, i: Margrabiego lata przedhistoryczne, ii: Margrabiego i Polski tragedia [Aleksander Wielopolski in the Light of Family archives, i: The Margrave’s Prehistoric Years; ii: The Tragedy of the Margrave and Poland], with an introduction and by ed. Mariusz Nowak, PIW, Warszawa, 2019, 411 + 512 pp. Franciszka Ramotowska, Warszawa przed-styczniowa. Przebudzenie: “rewolucja moralna” [Warsaw Before January 1863. The Awakening: A ‘Moral Revolution’], ed. by Dorota Lewandowska and Małgorzata Osiecka, Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Warszawa, 2018, 312 pp. Maria Konopka, Polski rynek wydawniczy Lwowa w dobie autonomii galicyjskiej [The Polish Publishing Market in Lviv at the Time of Galician Autonomy], Universitas, Kraków, 2018, 437 pp., English summary, index of persons Teresa Chylińska, Karol Szymanowski. Romans, którego nie było. Między Tymoszówką i Wierzbówką [Karol Szymanowski: a Love Story That Never Happened. Between Tymoszówka and Wierzbówka], Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne, Kraków, 2018, 300 pp. Brigitte Gautier and Maciej Urbanowski (eds.), Zagadkowy Ksawery Pruszyński [Ksawery Pruszyński the Enigmatic], Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków, 2018, 180 pp., index of persons; series: Francuski Łącznik Czesław Brzoza, Żydzi Krakowa międzywojennego. Kalendarium [The Jews in the Interwar Cracow. A Timeline], Towarzystwo Wydawnicze Historia Iagellonica, Kraków, 2018, 826 pp., bibliog., index of persons, list of abbreviations Adam Danek, Demokracja nacjonalistyczna. O myśli politycznej Zygmunta Cybichowskiego [A Nationalist Democracy. Zygmunt Cybichowski’s Political Thought], Ośrodek Myśli Politycznej, Kraków, 2018, 411 pp., bibliog., index Robert Rudnicki, Wiesław Ignacy Renke (1912–1944). Życie i działalność kierownika politycznego Obozu Narodowego [Wiesław Ignacy Renke (1912–44), His Life and Activities as Political Leader of the National Camp], Prohibita, Warszawa, 2018, 349 pp., ills., bibliog., index Patryk Tomaszewski, Uniwersytet Stefana Batorego w Wilnie w latach 1919–1939. Studium z dziejów organizacji i postaw ideowych studentów [The Stephen Báthory University in Vilnius, 1919–39. A Study in the History of Its Organisation and Ideological Attitudes of Its Students], Wydawnictwo Naukowe Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń, 2018, 615 pp., bibliog., list of abbreviations, index of persons, ills., tables, English and Russian summary

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Russian Society in the Search of a New Vision of Itself and Others: from the „National Inferiority Complex” to a New Identity

Author(s): Elena Shestopal / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The paper is based on the results of a study of Russian citizens’ images of their own and foreign countries. Methodology included a survey with a number of open-ended questions, in-depth interviews, methods of cartography, semantic differentials and a projective test. The study has shown that such factors as an event context, cultural traditions, psychological conditions of Russian society and communication strongly influence country’s perception. Our results have proved that Russians in general do not share territorial expansionism. Recognition of the Russian culture and the value system by others is more important for them. Though at the current moment national „inferiority complex”, widely spread in 1980–2000s, still manifests itself, a new tendency, based on the growth of a national pride that started in 2014, strongly influences social moods. Our analysis of Russians’ perception of other countries enabled us to distinguish categorization mechanisms used by our citizens. So the images of other countries include „neighbors” (post-Soviet countries), „strategic partners” (India and China), „forgotten allies” (Latin America and Africa), „significant «other»” (individual European countries and a less significant EU), „enemy image” (USA) and the „tourist Mecca” (Turkey and Thailand).

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Budowanie narodów na peryferiach socjalistycznej Jugosławii (1945–1974): Macedonia, Czarnogóra, Bośnia i Hercegowina

Author(s): Tomasz Rawski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article discusses the emergence and early development of three South-East European nationalisms: Macedonian, Montenegrin and Muslim/Bosniak, all of which were born as mass phenomena only in the second half of the 20th century. The author argues that the first three decades of the socialist Yugoslavia (1945–1974) should be considered crucial to these three nation-building processes because in this period not only the social conditions necessary for the mass production and reception of the modern national ideas were created, but also the respective national cultures were institutionalized, either fully (Macedonian) or partially (Montenegrin, Muslim/Bosniak).

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MIGRANTS AND THE PROLIFERATION OF SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES: A STUDY OF NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA SINCE 1999

Author(s): Theophilus Oyime Adejumo,Owa Egbara Owa,Ojie Abang Peter / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This study examines the effects of the proliferation of SALWs on the security of the Nigerian state. Although this issue has seldom been tackled in regular or academic literature, it reflects the author’s keen awareness that, in an era of globalization, migrants have been identified as important agents in the proliferation of SALWs into third-world countries. The paper seeks to provide an insight into the socio-economic and political variables operating in the source and destination of such movements, with particular emphasis on migrants and arms proliferation. The study uses the qualitative approach for data analysis, it relies on upon, data gathered through secondary sources, and is reinforced with the argument on the liberal theoretical framework of analysis. The paper concludes that, while weapons play a significant role in intensifying conflict that exerts enormous human and economic costs, the causes of such conflicts lie in political, economic, ethnic, and religious differences and disparities. Finally, the paper looks at the appropriateness of examining the full implications of SALWs as a border management theme and the role of complementary measures for facilitating border control.

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EVALUATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS AND THEIR FUTURE IMPACT ON EXERCISING OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOCIETY AND POLITICS

Author(s): Krishanveer Singh,Ajit Singh Negi / Language(s): English Issue: Supp. 1/2021

This research focuses on evaluating the impacts of technological advancements and their extended future aspects on exercising human rights in society and politics. Furthermore, the current prospects of technological advancements contribute a great portion to the advancement of society and culture. However, it also emerges and involves politics in the scenario. The research aims to explore different aspects of modern technological advancements in terms of determining the possible implementations of technology in society and politics. As a part of the research methodology, it can be highlighted that the research follows a primary research method. It collects primary quantitative data through an online survey by following a random sampling procedure. The sample population of the online survey was 50, and the ultimate sample size of this research is 39. The significance of the research lies over the identification of the technological advancements as it is the major component that impacts the future social and political community.

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IRAN’S NUCLEAR POLICY: NATURE, AMBITION, AND STRATEGY

Author(s): Violet B. Eneyo,Jihad Talib,Frank Mbeh Attah,Eric Etim Offiong / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons represent the biggest danger to humanity. During the Cold War, the US and USSR provided ‘umbrella protection’ to convince allies not to acquire nuclear weapons. Most ‘newly’ independent nations never had such security during the Cold War since they were not part of a power bloc. During the Iran-Iraq conflict (1980-1988), the Islamic Republic of Iran was attacked with chemical weapons. Since Mujahedin-e-Khalq (MEK), an Iranian exile organization, exposed Iran's hidden nuclear program in 2002, the topic has gained worldwide attention. Iran's nuclear agenda has produced a worldwide catastrophe despite its NPT membership. Iran says its nuclear program is peaceful and respects Islamic values. Most US politicians and academics consider Iran a rough nation with political and strategic concerns, including regional hegemony, human rights, terrorism, WMD proliferation, and military operations beyond the border. This study examines Iran's nuclear policies to demonstrate its essence, goal, and strategy.

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Aktywność w zakresie prewencji i deradykalizacji kontrterrorystycznej (CT/PCVE) w latach 2005–2020 w Belgii, Francji, Hiszpanii i Niderlandach

Author(s): Piotr Ciach,Andrzej Kozłowski,Ryszard Machnikowski,Stanisław Kosmynka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The main purpose of this article is to trace, present and analyze the development of “soft” antiterrorist approaches in the form of the so-called PCVE activities (i.e., “preventing and countering violent extremism”) in comparison with more traditional, “hard” counter-terrorism programs (CT) in four European countries: Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and Spain, from 2005 till 2020. In the article, due to a comparison of the local specificity in the area under research, differences and few similarities in the programs aiming at combating political violence in the four EU countries were demonstrated. Each and every state selected for this article has developed various activities and capabilities as an answer to the increasing terrorist threat: Belgium and France, especially until the period 2015–2017, have a preference for “traditional” hard counter-terrorist measures, while Spain and particularly the Netherlands have developed more sophisticated and comprehensive stance including “soft” PCVE approach.

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Herta Müller en el exilio, la garra en el corazón

Author(s): Ines Carvajal Arguelles / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2023

This article aims to show that Herta Müller's life is depicted as one of perpetual uprooting and to portrait elements in her novels where the writer deals with major universal themes, connected to the topic of exile and fundamental to understanding the turbulent 20th century in Europe. Her denunciation of the horrors of totalitarianism, against which she opposes a cry for freedom and against oblivion, stands out for its capacity for reflection, its originality and its poetic sensitivity, in such a way that it manages to traverse this arid terrain with original images of great beauty.Herta Müller in exile, the claw in the heart

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Propagowanie wychowania obronnego w kontekście edukacji morskiej, wychowania morskiego, tradycji i znaczenia związków Polski z morzem. Zarys problemu

Author(s): Bogusław Gogol / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The importance given to Poland's relationship with the sea is significant for the Polish Navy, while for the state’s security and its economy, it is indisputable. The article aims to show how the idea of maritime education, here in the sense of aspiring to be associated in one's future professional life with work at sea, service in the Polish Navy, or, finally, with a passion such as sailing, is promoted and popularised among Polish society. The text attempts to answer the question of which of the themes presented in the public discussion in the "traditional" way (analogue media sources), as well as on the Internet, are of particular importance in this case. The paper reviews a variety of sources and attempts to identify the range and examples of literature, journalism, selected portals and websites, museums, etc., enabling a preliminary assessment of the scale and, to some extent, the methods of the social impact of the importance of defence education and maritime training. This is particularly important in the context of the new Homeland Defence Act of March 11, 2022. The topics related to defence, military and maritime training, maritime education and the relationship between Poland and the sea are present in the public space and are often discussed. This demonstrates not only its popularity but also its importance. Concern for the prospects of this subject is particularly important given the popularity among young people of professions related to the sea, including the uneasy service in the Navy. If the most modest prognoses of the prospects for the development of the Polish Navy remain, for the most part, only "on paper," the interest in tying one's life's destiny to the sea and the Navy will diminish among the young generation.

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NEW MODEL OF TERRORISM THREAT IN INDONESIA: EAST JAVA CASE STUDY

Author(s): Gonda Yumitro,Rizki Febriani,Ali Roziqin,Sukma Oktaviani / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This article discusses a new model of the threat of Indonesian terrorism, especially in the East Java region. Indonesian terrorism continues to grow even more dangerous than before because terrorism has a dynamic nature following the times. The research method for this article was a literature study, with data collection techniques using the Harzing PoP 8 application and some data from Google Scholar. The relevant references collected were converted into RIS data types using the Mendeley application. The RIS data was then processed using VOSviewer software to visualize data about previous research related to a new model of the Indonesian terrorism threat. The authors found that terrorism has survived to this day because it found new ways of recruiting and carrying out its acts of terror. Terrorism no longer focuses on a man as the perpetrator but involves women and even children in their actions. Terrorism can also utilize technological sophistication to support group movements and their acts of terror. This is evidenced by the blocking of 600 social media accounts by BNPT, which often uploads radical content in Indonesia.

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POLITICAL PARTY INSTITUTIONALIZATION FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE: THE CASE OF THAILAND

Author(s): Wichuda Satidporn,Stithorn Thananithichot / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This article examines the importance of institutionalizing political parties in developing democracy. This article develops the conceptual framework of the institutionalization of political parties, which combines institutionalization factors in both internal and external dimensions and applies this conceptual framework to extract lessons on the institutionalization of political parties in various democratic countries, including Thailand. The results of applying the aforementioned conceptual framework, in particular to the case of Thailand, indicate that the failure to apply the notion of institutionalization to political parties in this country stems from the traditionally narrow-minded approach to considering the institutionalization of political parties rather than problems with the idea itself. Thus, this article suggests that building an institution for a political party is something that can be designed by giving importance to the development of political parties in a structured manner, along with promoting political parties to have the ability to play a solid political role under the democratic regime.

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