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PRZYWÓDZTWO W PERSPEKTYWIE PERSONALISTYCZNO- -FENOMENOLOGICZNEJ

Author(s): Bronisław Bombała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The main aim of this article is to conduct a critical analysis of the concept of leadership in the aspect of ethics by the use of the method of phenomenological praxeology, ie. the phenomenological lens. Phenomenological lens, through combining the ontological with the ontic, allows thorough research of the analyzed subject: an “insight” into the subject both from the philosophical (ontological) perspective, as well as the perspective of the particular sciences (ontic perspective). Ontological-ontic coherence is the basic directive of the proposed method. Coherence (comprehensibility, manageability, meaningfulness) between actions taken by managers in an organization and its stakeholders’ expectations is needed for the effective and ethical leadership. The purpose of the analysis performed in the article is to answer the question: which concepts of leadership serve the human person and help in its development?

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A lét és a jó egysége Augustinus filozófiájában

Author(s): Amália Soós / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2019

The aim of this paper is to sketch some of the philosophical guidelines of Augustine’s thinking on the problems of good, evil and being. Starting with the early Cassiciacum dialogues, the research continues with the dialog On the Free Will and the anti-Manichaean treatise about the nature of good, focusing mainly on the Neoplatonic influence concerning the idea of unity and on the ways Manichaean doctrines justify the vivacity of Augustine’s philosophical thoughts on good and evil.

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Christian Hope in the Postmodern World: On the Essence and Decline of Hope, and on the Prospects for Its Restoration, as seen from the Perspective of the Philosophy of Culture

Author(s): Ryszard Strzelecki / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The focus of the article is Christian hope, its decline in postmodern culture, and the prospects for its restoration. The analysis in question is conducted with reference to Benedict XVI’s encyclical Spe Salvi. The object of Christian hope is the deposit of faith, including the ‘four last things.’ Therefore hope in this sense involves a recognition of the objective nature of both the temporal and the eschatological realities. The subject of hope is the human being conceived as a homo viator pursuing the Transcendence, while the remaining elements of the structure of hope include the focus of the subject’s will and the subject’s participation in the community. Deconstruction of hope may either affect its single element or destroy all of them. The article discusses various manifestations of the phenomenon of the deconstruction of hope in postmodern culture. The concluding part of the paper focuses on the issue of the possible restoration of hope, which can be accomplished if advise from St. Augustine be followed: in order to believe in God, one needs to believe God, which is tantamount to working for the sake of the common good and respecting the dignity of a human being as person as well the value of human life.

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Modernity and the Family, as seen in the Light of the Teaching of St. John Paul II

Author(s): Jarosław Merecki / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

Modern philosophy of man has assumed that the original human condition is that of conflict and has made this presumption its starting point. Consequently, it proposes that the originally unbounded freedom of human individuals be limited by means of a social contract. John Paul II juxtaposes this vision of man and society with his teaching on the community, in which the starting point is the relationship between a man and a woman who confirm their humanity by means of an unselfish gift of self to the other, rather than by subordinating the other to his or her will. Marriage and the family represent the type of community which is governed by the principle of gift. While the ways of understanding marriage and the family change throughout history, one can speak of an array of their original qualities which make up their essence as social institutions regardless of the historical period. Among them are: gift, reciprocity, sexuality, and parenthood. Together, they may be considered as a specific ‘genome’ of marriage and the family.

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Luther’s ‘Metaphysics’ in Heidegger’s Beiträge

Author(s): Duane Armitage / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This essay argues that Luther’s “metaphysics” is present in Heidegger’s Beiträge zur Philosophie (Contributions to Philosophy), a text many consider to be Heidegger’s second magnum opus. I argue that Luther’s “metaphysics” is present in Heidegger’s Contributions in primarily two ways: (1) there is a Lutheran structure (of existential categories) that Heidegger appropriated not only in Being and Time, but also much earlier in his lectures on St. Paul from the 1920s, of responding to a call and converting in anxious anticipation toward a futural not-yet (what Heidegger calls “the last god”); and (2) Contributions’ project concerns overcoming metaphysics, which involves first thinking through to metaphysics’ conditions for possibility, which means recognizing the “ironic nature” of beyng via what Heidegger calls “thinking concealment,” the logic of which originates in Luther’s attacks on not only Greek metaphysics, but upon Judaism and the Mosaic law as well.

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СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТВОРЧОЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В ПАТРІАРХАЛЬНОМУ СВІТІ (ЛЕСЯ УКРАЇНКА ТА ОЛЬГА КОБИЛЯНСЬКА)

Author(s): Serhii Romanov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2018

The article is dedicated to the comparative interpretation of ontological becoming of Lesya Ukrainka’s and Olga Kobylianska’s persons. The article focuses on cultural, psychological and gender aspects of historical period in the Ukraine at the break of the XIX and XX centuries. Typology of personality has been developed on time of the childhood and youth of the both girls. Special attention is paid to social norms as the most ancient ways to keep humble of a woman. There was analyzed traumatized experience, the such social representation and ways of talking about it in literary and autobiographical works. The author concludes that the biographical material opens the opportunity to take a fresh look at the life and creative ways of the famous Ukrainian writers.

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Myślenie pojęciowe i rezonujące w Fenomenologii ducha Hegla

Author(s): Artur Jochlik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2018

The author elaborates on the difference between conceptual and resonant thinking. According to Hegel there is just one pattern of thinking rather than two competing with each other. The principle of Hegel’s philosophy is predominantly based on ontic monism ensuing from the theory of self-developing concept. Tracing that development has become possible with the advent of absolute knowledge (along with the rise of German Idealism). The author argues that this was not adequately presented in S. Žižek’s Less than Nothing. For one, Žižek failed to underline the impact of Spinoza’s philosophy on Hegel. Neither did he clearly mark out the dividing line between Hegelian thinking and that which does go beyond it. As Žižek sees it the most important element in Hegel’s method is that what separates rather than what unites, that is understanding and not reason.

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Stanowisko G.W.F. Hegla wobec Teoriopoznawczego dualizmu w Pewności zmysłowej

Author(s): Michał Bochen / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2018

Interpreted in this paper is Sense-Certainty: Or the ‘This’ and ‘Meaning’, a chapter from G.W.F. Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. The author seeks to prove that according to Hegel, the dualistic nature of the subject-object relation is problematic and implausible even with knowledge about sensual beings. The author argues that such interpretation is consistent with the metaphilosophical intentions of the whole Phenomenology of Spirit. It is not confined solely to demonstrating the impossibility of non-conceptual empirical knowledge as it relates above all to the nature of epistemic relation on its most fundamental level. Hegel indicated that every problem encountered by sense certainty, can be solved by proper reformulation of the subject-object relation. The author concludes that the qualitative distinction between subject and object is unjustified, and hence there is no reason to accept the notion of real and entirely external sensual objects. Consequently, he rejects naïve realism and constraints of kantian phenomenalism.

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Czyste pojęcia intelektu oraz transcendentalna jedność apercepcji jako źródła dialektyki Hegla

Author(s): Maciej Wodziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2018

Analyzed is the impact that Kant’s table of pure concepts of understanding and the relations between its specific categories had on Hegel’s dialectics concept. The author observes that concepts which appear in the first part of Science of Logic such as Beginning, Unity of Multiplicity, Mediation or Being are based on Kant’s categories such as Totality, Relation or Quality. Also based on Kant’s categories, but those from the modality group, Hegel creates his dialectics of what is necessary by combining that which is accidental ( yet possible, in Kant’s case) with that which is existing. Aside from a precise analysis of the “heritage” of these references, the author notes that concepts such as transcendental unity of apperception, intuitive intellect, the idea of soul immortality and the overall domination of practical reason over the theoretical one (taken by Fichte and Schelling from Kant), became the foundation of Hegel’s concept of Absolute in the shape that we know it now.

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Lebenswelt jako pojęcie kluczowe dla polityki

Author(s): Gérard Raulet / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2018

The semantic field of the notion of the “lifeworld” extends onto ontology (“being-in the-world”), anthropology biology, life sciences in general, as well as sociology. Meanwhile, however, is another, journalistic and inflationary, usage of the term spread in everyday life, which in a way confirms its informal, “lifelike” character. This is both a strength and a weakness. That’s exactly why the Husserlian notion has been accused of being vague or downright contradictory. Indeed, it means a horizon of horizons, and in every instance a personal horizon, one of my own, which connects me, in my being-here, with the horizons of others. The present text departs from the observation that the Husserlian notion involves since the beginning a culture-critical as well as a science-critical potential, and that the appearance of direct obviousness that is so typical of the reference to the lifeworld quickly turns out a reaction to a crisis, and specifically a loss of transparency. It attempts to examine the relation between the notion of the lifeworld to politics and tests its analytical usefulness.

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„Urojone oczy w modre nic rozwarła”. O kreacjach kobiet jako nicości istniejącej w poezji Bolesława Leśmiana

Author(s): Lidia Kamińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2019

The category of nothingness often appears in the poetry of Bolesław Leśmian. Literary representations of nothingness as a woman are an original feature of Leśmian’s poetic imagination. This article offers an ontological analysis of women who can be described as “existing nothingness.ˮ These presentations are not homogenous and some notable differences can be observed: in the opposite directions of the will, the intensity of nothingness, or in the perspective from which these characters are shown. Womannothingness can be associated with a lyrical situation or be an element of description. In Leśmian’s poetry there are also male characters who become nothingness after coming in contact with women. Presentations of women as “existing nothingnessˮ and their destructive impact on men is connected with the misogynist attitude.

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O pierwszeństwie interpretacji przed ontologią. Przyczynek do krytyki realizmu w filozofii nauk społecznych

Author(s): Maciej Kassner / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2019

The article is devoted to the critical discussion of realism and interpretative approach in the philosophy of social sciences. The thesis of the paper states that interpretation is prior to realist ontology in three ways. First, to understand science (including natural sciences) we need to interpret culturally specific practices of various communities of inquiry rather than pursue general metaphysical questions about the nature of reality. Second, from an interpretative perspective general image of social and political reality is seen as an outcome of interpretative struggle between various ideological traditions. Finally, according to interpretative approach research practice in social and political disciplines is not predetermined by prior ontological assumptions. Due to this fundamental openness of social inquiry it is better to interpret it in terms of Gadamerian metaphor of hermeneutic circle or pragmatic metaphor of problem-solving.

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Hermeneutics: Polity, Politics, and Political Theory in Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutics

Author(s): Dieter Teichert / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

This article discusses the significance of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics for political science and political theory. As a critical observer of contemporary culture, dominated, as it is, by scientific, bureaucratic, and technological conceptions of the public sphere, Gadamer highlights the rootedness of human interaction and praxis in dialogical exchange. Consequently, according to him, the genuine dimension of politics should be conceived of from the perspective of its participants and not from the point of view of a neutral observer. Building on this methodological assumption, the article reconstructs, first, the analysis of practical knowledge as presented in the early writings of Gadamer. A second step leads to the hermeneutical conception of practical knowledge, which Gadamer articulated through a reinterpretation of Aristotle’s ‘phronesis’. Most centrally, it discusses the consequences of this idea of practical knowledge for an adequate account of understanding. A third section focuses on the late Gadamer’s reflection on political deliberation as an essentially dialogical activity that opens the possibility to elude technological and bureaucratic manipulation.

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Paradoxes in Jīva Gosvāmī’s concept of the soul, path to perfection and liberation

Author(s): Dagmara Wasilewska / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2019

This article is devoted to the role and significance of paradoxes in the philosophical thought and mysticism of the sixteenth-century Bengali Vaishnava theologian Jīva Gosvāmī. He situates his system within the Vedānta school, where the main category distinguishing its branches and deciding on their specific character is the relation between the Absolute, the phenomenal world and the human being. In Gosvāmī’s school, this relation involves identity and distinctness (bhedābheda) of those categories at the same time, referred to by the word acintya (“inaccessible to reason”), which further stresses this ontological paradox. Although doctrinally the most important, it is not the only paradox in Gosvāmī’s thought. Adopting this core metaphysical thesis engendered many other aporias, including those concerning the nature of the soul, the concept of bhakti (loving devotion to a deity) and the idea of liberation (mukti), which Goswāmī then attempts to solve in his most important philosophical treatise – Ṣaṭsandarbha.

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The linguistic image of the soul in Polish early modernist ekphrases inspired by Arnold Böcklin’s paintings

Author(s): Lucyna Bagińska / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2019

This article presents the results of a reconstruction of the linguistic image of the soul as an element of the represented world in the ekphrases by Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, Maria Poraska, Zuzanna Rabska, Wanda Aleksandra Stanisławska, Lucjan Rydel and Karol Łepkowski. Their genesis lies in the fascination with works by Arnold Böcklin, one of the most famous painters of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The article focuses on the axiological aspect and opens with a definition of the terms ekphrase and work of art. The analyses of the poems mainly rely on the tools of cognitive linguistics: profiling, conceptual metaphor and amalgamate.

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“The Intentions of Life” Philosophical Points of Departure in The Power of the Powerless

Author(s): Lenka Karfíková / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2018

Philosophical scrutiny of The Power of the Powerless shows that Havel’s key concept “the intentions [or aims] of life” depends on Heidegger’s conception of Dasein’s authenticity, even if Havel replaces Heidegger’s “anticipating death” with “the intentions of life” to fulfill itself in freedom. At the same time, these “intentions” prove to have a self-destructive tendency (as Havel’s plays make very clear). In his political reflections and possibly also in his later political activities, however, this point seems to be underestimated. Political systems do not differ only by the room they allow for free development but also by the degree to and manner by which they protect the intentions of life from their inner tendency to degenerate.

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The Importance of Bearing Witness

Author(s): Delia Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2018

This essay considers the notion of bearing witness as an analytical path for assessing and applying the legacy of Havel’s essay The Power of the Powerless. Havel’s account of disempowerment is connected to the role of ideology in creating the “environment of power” as a tool that enables participation in one’s own disempowerment. Havel dissects the process of becoming powerless and then reconstructs empowerment by reflecting on the journey of the archetypal post-totalitarian subject, the greengrocer. In Popescu’s view, reconstruction is based on the mechanism of bearing witness to one’s own presence in the world and its constitutive effects on the lives of others. To bear witness requires a search for evidence of the ontological match between world, self, and human meaning. In this context, acts of dissenters are the exemplary manifestation of a potentiality that seems to reside in us all. Dissenters bear witness to alternatives—reflecting what Havel considers a baseline of humanity: the natural multiplicity of human experience.

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Mimetyzm, parler-femme i mówienie prawdy: kobiece wypowiedzi konfesyjne w perspektywie myśli Luce Irigaray

Author(s): Joanna Bednarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (13)/2019

This article’s aim is to show, as exemplified by fiction and activism, that the concept of mimeticism appearing in Luce Irigaray’s early works may prove to become instrumental in overcoming difficulties associated with giving witness or uttering a confession. Though ostensibly they are uttered to “tell the truth,” or to produce the authenticity effect, thanks to Irigaray’s optics, we may gauge their efficacy under present circumstances by deconstructing their alleged veracity and the credibility of the witness-giver.

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Platoi protiv Platona - Deleuzeovo izvrtanje platonizma s pozicija antihegelijanstva

Author(s): Boris Gunjević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2020

Deleuzeova djela možemo podijeliti u tri zasebne i povezane skupine. Prvu skupinu čine monografije o drugim autorima, koje opisuju Deleuzea kao povjesničara filozofije razlike ili bolje rečeno genealoga razlike. U drugu skupinu tekstova valja izdvojiti zajedničke radove s antipsihijatrom i političkim militantom Felixom Guattarijem. Treća je skupina radova za nas najvažnija, a riječ je o tekstovima u koj ima se pokazuje njegova izvorna i radikalna misao, a to su prije svega Razlika i ponavljanje (1968.), Logika smisla (1969.). Nakon što je pročitao DeIeuzeove tekstove, Foucualt je ustvrdio kako će dvadeseto stoIjeće biti poznato kao deIezovsko stoIjeće. O toj je rečenici i o njenom značenju potrošeno mnogo tinte. Možda se Foucualtovo proroštvo nikad neće ispuniti, ali je sigurno kako je Deleuze u svojoj filozofiji imanencije u mnogome anticipirao suvremenu »metafiziku« virtualnosti i epistemologiju mreže bolje i jasnije nego bilo koji drugi autor. Deleuze je nedvojbeno veliki autor i veliki filozof.

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Povijesna dedukcija kategorija prisustva

Author(s): Reiner Schürmann / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2020

Ako je zapadnjačku filozofiju, a za Heideggera »nema nikakve druge, ni kineske ni indijske«, pokrenulo i usmjerilo iskustvo predsokratovaca, izvornost će se nazrijeti iz izvornika samo ako istražimo kako su predsokratovske crte prisustva »mijenjane« diljem stoljeća, odnosno kako su faktori diskontinuiteta odredili taj kontinuitet ne prekinuvši ga. Na današnjoj postaji na »upućenoj putanji« zapada, pojavljuju se »druge crte u bitku bića«, kao što su »predmetnost predmeta, realnost realnosti«. Između ove dvije složene skupine aletheoloških modaliteta, a jedna ne poništava drugu, prostire se povijest epohalnih obrata. Ovdje nećemo prepričavati kako su ekonomske konfiguracije bile povezane od sloma do sloma - kako je na primjer, od -, neskrivenost postala -, zatim rectitudo i adaequation pa onda izvjesnost, pravda, dominacija - u dekontekstualizaciji ovih susljednih okvira radi se o oslobađanju onoga što ih sve zajedno povezuje (etwas Durchgdngiges), oslobađanju identiteta koji spaja ove razlike, o shvaćanju kako su artikulirane u onom što je sveprisutno.

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