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Filozoficzna myśl Roberta Boyle’a a stanowisko chrześcijańskiego teizmu naturalistycznego

Author(s): Radosław Kazibut / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Robert Boyle is the author of the original concept of mediation between the spheres of religious belief and scientific thought. This article presents Robert Boyle’s selected topics of philosophy that illustrate his points of view on the issue of the relationship between scientific knowledge and faith. In the literature, the views Boyle qualifies as an example of a conception of two books: the Book of Nature and The Scripture, or the conception "God-of-the-gaps." In this paper I dispute this view and demonstrate that Boyle’s conception the relationship between science and faith is similar but not identical to the contemporary theistic naturalism.

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Darvinova teorija evolucije

Author(s): Ljiljana Matić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 12/2009

The review of: Čarls Darvin, Postanak vrsta putem prirodnog odabiranja ili očuvanja povlašćenih rasa u borbi za život, Akademska knjiga, Novi Sad, 2009. Preveo Nedeljko Divac, redakcija prevoda prema Origin of Species, 6th edition, San Diego, Philadelphia, 2008, Ljiljana Matić, stručna saradnica prof. dr Vesna Milankov

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Unutrašnje iskustvo

Author(s): Georges Bataille / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 24/2019

Pod unutrašnjim iskustvom podrazumijevam ono što se obično naziva mističnim iskustvom: stanja ekstaze, zanosa, u najmanju ruku promišljane emocije. No manje mislim na vjersko iskustvo, kojega smo se vjerojatno dosad držali, a više na golo iskustvo, kakve god vjeroispovijesti bilo, slobodno od spona, čak i od počela. Zato ne volim riječ mistična. A ne volim ni uske definicije. Unutrašnje iskustvo odaziva se mojoj potrebi - a s njom i potrebi ljudskog postojanja - da dovodim sve u pitanje bez dopustivog predaha. Ta nužnost bila je u igri i unatoč religijskim vjerovanjima, ali posljedice su joj cjelovitije kad tih vjerovanja nema. Dogmatične pretpostavke dale su iskustvu neopravdane granice: ići dalje od poznatog obzora ne može onaj tko već zna. [...]

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Uvod u transgresiju

Author(s): Michel Foucault / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 24/2019

Rado se vjeruje da je seksualnost, u suvremenom iskustvu, ponovno našla prirodnu istinu koja je prerušavana na razne načine, dugo bila strpljivo u sjeni, a danas je samo zahvaljujući svojoj pozitivnoj oštroumnosti možemo odgonetnuti i onda dobiti pravo da napokon raspolažemo svom jasnoćom jezika. Međutim, nikada seksualnost nije imala neposrednije prirodan smisao i nesumnjivo nikada nije doživjela takvo »veselje izraza« kao u kršćanskom svijetu palih tijela i grijeha. Dokazuje to cijela jedna mistika, cijela jedna duhovnost, koje uopće nisu znale razdvajati trajne oblike želje, opijenosti, penetracije, ekstaze i obeznanjujućeg izlijevanja. One su osjećale kako se sva ta gibanja, bez prekida ni granice, nastavljaju sve do srca božanske ljubavi kao njezino konačno širenje i povratno, izvor. Modemu seksualnost ne karakterizira to da je od de Sade a do Freuda, našla jezik svog razloga ili svoje prirode, nego to da je, nasiljem njihovih govora također, bila »denaturalizirana« - bačena u prazan prostor gdje nailazi samo na tanku formu granice i gdje samo u mahnitosti koja je prekida, ima svoju onostranost i nastavak. [...]

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“BAŞKA” HAYVAN BAŞKA DİL: BİLGE KARASU YAZININDA TEMSİL SORUNU

Author(s): Adem Gergöy / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 27/2019

Bilge Karasu has a unique position in Turkish literature due to the forms of representation he developed for animals. In these texts, tools such as metaphor, symbol and allegory are seen as an issue due to their human-centered structure, and the ways of representation that can highlight the "otherness” of animals are sought. This article investigates the functioning of this literary language for animals based on Bilge Karasu's “Yengece Övgü” and Kılavuz texts. These texts are discussed in the light of the concepts that Jacques Derrida put forward in the framework of the “animal question.“ According to Derrida's new approach, language is central to the epistemology of ethical and political problems in the context of human-animal relationships. The main reason for this is that language is fed from the humananimal distinction and carries this distinction to the cultural ground. Thus, language opens the door to two complementary problems in the human-animal relationship: One cannot imagine animals as they are because of the reductive nature of language. This obstacle throws animals out of life and opens endless ways of exploitation against them. Representation tools such as metaphor, symbol and allegory form the scope of this problem in the literary field. So, is it possible to speak of a literary language that can represent animals in a non-metaphorical way? Karasu's interest in the representation of animals in the fictional text shapes certain aspects of its aesthetic organization such as language, narrative, fiction and readers. The study suggests that Karasu constructs animals on a ground that does not center human beings and tries to design an “exemplary reader” for this. Accordingly, animals have the opportunity to be represented in the fictional universe by means of techniques such as "metafiction ,” “irony." As a result, a face-to-face, direct encounter area is created between the animal and the reader.

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Перформативна теорія культури: повернення до суб’єкта

Author(s): Maksym Vyacheslavovich Karpovets / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2018

The purpose of the article is to identify the essence and potential of performance theory of culture as an alternative to post-structuralism, regarding the creative possibilities of the subject. The methodology of the research is based on the use of cultural-genetic and structural-system methods for identifying the place of performative theory of culture among other humanitarian projects in general and performative studies in particular. The innovations consist in revealing the key principles of performative theory of culture within such concepts as “performative” and “performance”. Conclusions. Performative theory is an alternative to post-structuralism since it focuses on the creative possibilities of subject and its performative practices. In particular, performative theory analyzes practices, rather than representations of the subject in culture, whereby the active and constantly changing construction of reality is essential. The idea is that culture does not consist of representations, but presentations as productive practices. The potential of performative theory of culture in the analysis of performatives, which give its participants a special experience and function in the format of various performances – from religious to economic. Thus, performative theory of culture makes possible to understand the fundamental causes of culture as a practical environment of human existence.

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Віра в перевтілення у світовій міфології

Author(s): Olena Sergeevna Khlystun / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2018

The purpose of the research is related to the question of faith in reincarnation in mythology. Its main focus is the analysis of the origins of mythical representations as a component of the common belief of man. The analysis involves the thought and vision of this problem by well-known researchers, philosophers, available written sources and mythical retellings. The methodology of the research is to apply historical-comparative, comparative and logistic methods. Their application helps to diachronically analyze the phenomena of primitive culture and mythical beliefs. In some cases, elements of structural analysis are used to identify the essence of belief in reincarnation. The scientific novelty of the work is to reveal the general essence of faith in the reincarnation in mythology and its place in the life of a modern man as a spiritual support; features of the origins of mythical motives; ways of affirming and disseminating them in the culture of peoples from antiquity to the present; features of communication of beliefs in reincarnation with the phenomena of nature and events in people's lives. The conclusion is that the disclosure of the general essence of faith in the reincarnation in mythology makes it possible to give a scientific assessment of its significance in the modern life of the people, of each individual, and of the development of culture in general.

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Imperative Function of Aesthetic

Author(s): Mykola Anatolyevich Zhurba / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The purpose of the study is to consider the concept of aesthetic imperative as an effective mechanism for ―reformatting a person, awakening his soul in a contemporary deformed cultural space. The methodology of the study. In the article the following methods are used: the comparative and historical method, which allows to consider the existing approaches to the definition of the ontological essence of aesthetic imperativeness in human life; the pragmatic method, which is used for extrapolation of aesthetic expediency into economic expediency; the dialectical method, which makes it possible to consider the aesthetic and economic expediencies in interconnection; the phenomenological method is associated with the peculiarities of manifestation of aesthetic imperativeness based on concrete examples derived from the classical literature and the method of abstraction, which allows us to investigate the otherness of aesthetic imperativeness in postmodernism. The scientific novelty. The study of aesthetic imperativeness in human life activity is carried out and the approaches to its study based on the analysis of classical literature are outlined, and to the aesthetic thesaurus there is proposed a concept of quasi-beauty as a kind of aesthetic phenomenon in the structure of human life activity, that is subordinated to the logic of economic or consumer expediency. Conclusions. Without pretending to comprehensive study of all the issues related to the subject, this study intended to draw attention to the problems of aesthetic imperativeness. We have found that various social phenomena as manifestations of human activity appear in the form of unconscious need: they contain hidden aesthetic imperativeness. Writers, artists, poets, directors, architects, designers and others describe it through the art and thereby bring it in the realities of social being. Thus, the aesthetic expediency appears as a phenomenon of imperativeness and becomes an impulse for changing the forms of life itself. The classical heritage provides the foundation for understanding and research of the aesthetic imperativeness, not only in art, but as one of the modulators of human behavior and activity.

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Символи у культурному просторі людства

Author(s): Volodymyr Ivanovich Pylypiv / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

The aim of the study is to analyze the place and role of symbols in the cultural space of humankind. Methodology of the study. The authors have used cultural-historical, hermeneutic, descriptive and integrative approaches. The scientific novelty. The meaning-creative function of symbols contributes to the emergence of a single cultural space of the certain group, promotes cultural identification, generates a common content, provides guidelines for individual existence, transmits cultural values into the future. The use of symbols is adaptive. Conclusions. A symbol is one of the most ambiguous concepts in culture. As far as it represents the deep level of culture, its meaning cannot be deciphered straightforwardly, rationally; on the contrary, it must be experienced and felt “emotionally” gradually deciphering all its meanings. Symbols bear a deep cultural and semantic load, tracing back to ancient times and reflecting archaic thinking. Symbols act as a peculiar language and try to give an answer to the most difficult questions of being. They direct the thought beyond the limits of the individual life horizon and acquire a new, unexpected sound depending on the recipient’s understanding. A symbol as an accumulator of cultural memory permeates all cultures “translating” archetypes into the language of culture, therefore, for its interpretation it is necessary to move along the cultural “vertical” trying to understand its primary meanings.

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Kasna islamska filozofija: ključni pojmovi Mulla Sadraovog filozofskog mišljenja

Author(s): Rusmir Šadić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2019

The philosophy of Mulla Sadra Shirazi undoubtedly represents the most significant historical episode within later Islamic philosophy and the establishment of a new philosophical system characterized by a synthesis of peripatetic tradition and certain elements of philosophy of illumination, gnosis and theology. Transcendent philosophy (hikma muta’aliyya) – which is the term used by Shirazi to denote one’s own philosophy – indicates the unprecedented opening of philosophy to the gnostic tradition of Islam and the postulation of an entirely new concept of philosophy. In this article, the author seeks to outline the basic contours and peculiarities of such philosophical expression, and through insight into some of the fundamental problems within the field of ontology, epistemology and eschatology, as interpreted by the most prominent Muslim philosopher after Averroes, Descartes’ contemporary in the East, Mulla Sadra Shirazi.

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Prefaceri ale conștiinței în opera filosofilor români

Author(s): Titus Lates / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 15/2019

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Orizontul întrebării și sentimentul românesc al ființei la Constantin Noica

Author(s): Șerban N. Nicolau / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 15/2019

The article presents Constantin Noica's theory on the philosophical virtues of the Romanian language that allowed it to shape a specific model of Being.

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Descriptivism in Meta-Ontology of Music: A Plea for Reflective Equilibrium

Author(s): Lisa Giombini / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

In this paper, I investigate one popular view in current methodological debate about musical ontology, namely, descriptivism. According to descriptivism, the task of musical ontology is to offer a description of the ‘structure of our thought’ (Kania 2008: 437) about musical works, as it manifests itself in actual musical practices. In this regard, descriptivists often appeal to our pre-theoretical intuitions to ground ontological theories of musical works.This practice, however, is worrisome, as such intuitions are unstable and contradictory. For example, there is a broad variety of intuitions in our musical practice concerning what counts as an authentic performance of a musical work. All such intuitions reflect at least a part of actual practice; however, they are in conflict with each other. This raises a problem, for how can they thus represent a reliable basis for our ontology? A further worry for descriptivism concerns the triviality of the knowledge it gives us access to. If, according to descriptivism, the task of musical ontologists is simply to codify the regularities found in our intuitive thought or discourse about practice, then how can the resulting theories be informative at all with regard to the object of their concern?

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Heideggerovo zlonosno bivstvovanje

Author(s): Mario Kopić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 29/2019

Poraz nacističke Njemačke 9. maja 1945. godine Martin Heidegger dočekuje zaklonjen u dvorac Hausen u Oberauli, zakloništu što mu ga je priskrbila njegova ljubavnica, princeza Margot von Sachsen-Meiningen. Često se, naime, kad je riječ o Heideggerovim ljubavnicama, pomisli umah na Hannah Arendt ili Elisabeth Blochmann ili pak na suprugu filozofa Wilhelma Szilasija, Lily Szilasi. Arendt, Blochmann i Lily Szilasi (usput rečeno, sve tri židovskog podrijetla) su zacijelo najpoznatije, ali nisu bile jedine.

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Deleuze avec Lynch - Razlika i ponavljanje u Twin Peaksu

Author(s): Tonči Valentić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 29/2019

U kakvoj su vezi jedan od najvažnijih filozofa 21. stoljeća (iako je stvarao i živio u 20. st.) i jedan od najvećih redatelja u povijesti filmske umjetnosti? Uz ova imena naslovne citate dijeli točno pola stoljeća, a ta udaljenost nije jaz nego točka spajanja, ponavljanja, približavanja u istosti mišljenja. Nakana ovog izlaganja je na temeljima glavnog Deleuzeova djela Razlika i ponavljanje analizirati jedno od najvažnijih filmskih ostvarenja ovog desetljeća, treću sezonu televizijske serije Twin Peaks (2017.) autora i redatelja Davida Lyncha.

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REALNOST "REALNOG SOCIJALIZMA"

Author(s): Fuad Muhić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 266/1981

U toku svoje dugačke historije, sovjetski marksizam je, najčešće u zavisnosti od vrste predstava koje je imao sam o sebi, uzimao različite sinonime.

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Ян Амос Коменский и Сенека: генезис философско-образовательного проекта

Author(s): Anna S. Stepanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

The article discusses the significance of the heritage of Seneca for the genesis of the philosophical and educational project of Jan Amos Komensky, which he called Pansophia. On the basis of terminological analysis and a comparative method, the main positions, terminological preferences and the meaning of Komensky’s creative development of the philosophical experience of this particular ancient author are revealed. In Komensky’s educational project, the ancient tradition introduced by Seneca is renewed in a new form – the humanistic ideal becomes the core of the didactic concept. Komensky’s project combined the theory and practice of human education, focused on a philosophical understanding of his nature.

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Manifest

Author(s): Piero Coda / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2020

Edgar Morin writes that “rethinking thinking” is what is urgently needed today. Indeed, it is possible to recognize a convergence in the understanding and practice of an integral and open ontology express and promote the living mystery of Being in its multicolored self-expression. This fact calls for a rereading of the tradition of thought, which has matured through history leading to this point. In this perspective, the most significant fruit was produced by the inventio of the ontologically regulating concept of God-Trinity as the interpretive key for the coming in human flesh of the Word/Son Who is God Himself. However, the concept of Trinity failed to completely generate that locus of experience and that relational and communitarian practice of thought corresponding to the Reality it had received and conceived. Our working hypothesis is that philosophy and theology can find the place again for a rebirth and reconfiguration of ontology in the guiding thought of the Trinity, taken up in its original irradiating meaning with the focus on the Christ’s cross/resurrection and examined in the still unfathomed promise it contains.

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The Anxiety Dilemma: Locating the Western Balkans in the Age of Anxiety

Author(s): Jelena Cupać / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The paper seeks to locate the Western Balkans in the current age of anxiety. By using the concept of ontological security as its overarching theoretical frame, the paper first develops a concept of anxiety dilemma. The anxiety dilemma refers to a situation in which a social order that provides one group of people with a sense of ontological security is a perceived source of anxiety for the other group and vice versa. The paper proposes that such a dilemma characterizes the present age of anxiety. Trapped in this dilemma are the proponents and the contesters of the liberal (international) order and globalization, often referred to in the literature as cosmopolitans and communitarians. The paper argues that the Western Balkan countries occupy an ambivalent position in this anxiety dilemma. Their governments combine liberal-democratic justification with autocratic tendencies. The paper discusses how the Western Balkans came to occupy this position. It singles out four reasons: (1) the region’s authoritarian legacy; (2) ethnonationalism coupled with state- and nation-building projects; (3) search for external legitimacy; and (4) the EU’s abandonment of the inextricable link between peace and democracy. The case of the Western Balkans yields another important observation: that local anxiety dilemmas are nested in global anxiety dilemma. The paper makes two contributions. The first one is theoretical, and it consists of furthering the concept of ontological security such that it theorizes ontological security as a systemic inter-group phenomenon. The second contribution is analytical, and it consists in locating the Western Balkans in the ongoing struggles over globalization and the liberal (international) order.

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PLURALITY, NORMATIVITY, AND THE BODY: RESPONSE TO SANJA BOJANIĆ AND ADRIANA ZAHARIJEVIĆ

Author(s): Sophie Loidolt / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The first part of the text is a précis of the monograph Phenomenology of Plurality: Hannah Arendt on Political Intersubjectivity, a phenomenological analysis of Arendt’s core notion of plurality that unites the fields of phenomenology, political theory, social ontology, and Arendt studies. In the second, larger part, the author responds to the comments given by Sanja Bojanić and Adriana Zaharijević, in order to clarify some key concepts and positions presented in the book.

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