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Sekularnost, sekularizam, religija?

Author(s): Sulejman Bosto / Language(s): Bosnian

Ne samo u ekskluzivnim znanstvenim krugovima društvenih humanističkih ili duhovnih znanosti nego i u javnim debatama (na kapitalu kako kulturno-političke baštine prosvjetiteljstva: na konceptu javnog i demokratskog oblikovanja političke volje, političkog pluralizma, sekularnog državno-pravnog ustrojstva, liberalnih tržišno-ekonomskih normi, emancipacijskom političkom konceptu autonomije slobodnog građanina, svjetonazornom i kulturnom pluralizmu modernih društava, – tako i uz potporu rapidne globalne ekstenzije tehničko-medijske „komunikacijske“ mreže) – u fokus kritičke dijagnoze epohe ili „duhovne situacije vremena“ ulaze i glasovi o krizi moderne, o navodnom kraju moderne, o nedovršenom projektu moderne, o pitanju „druge moderne“ (Ulrich Beck), o samokritici moderne, o „fundamentalizmu moderne“ (Helmuth Dubiel), o neispunjenim obećanjima i/ili teškoćama modernog projekta prosvjetiteljstva, etc. U vokabular ili u šlagvorte te kritičke dijagnostike spadaju i formulacije o „novoj nepreglednosti“ svijeta i modernih društava ili o njihovoj kompleksnosti, o „postnacionalnim“, „posthistorijskim“ konstelacijama, o „postsekularnim društvima“, o „posthistoriji“ o „postliberalnom karakteru društva“ itd.

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Sekularizacijska debata i Bosna i Hercegovina: Agenda za istraživanje

Author(s): Dino Abazović / Language(s): Bosnian

In this paper the short overview of the secularisation debate in sociology has been discussed from the early period (religion and modernisation), over the main arguments of the postsecularist (rational choice theory and religion) till the (neo-)secularist approach in understanding secularisation processes (secularisation as descriptive and not normative hypothesis). Further on, Phillip S. Gorski approach of “historicising the secularisation debate” has been applied on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to propose the possible agenda for the future research. Finally, an issue of political and/or religious identities has been discussed as one of the possible approach in problematising the secularisation processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but in modern world as well.

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The Meeting between Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill, and Its Political Significance for Ukraine and Russia

Author(s): Anna Maria Dyner / Language(s): English

The meeting between the Pope and the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, which took place on 12 February in Havana, has a special religious and political meaning. Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill signed a joint statement in which they referred, among other things, to current events in the world, mainly to conflicts in the Middle East and Ukraine, as well as the migration crisis and the persecution of Christians. The points concerning the political situation in Ukraine and hopes for the unification of the factions of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church were considered controversial, and were interpreted as support of the Catholic Church for Russian policy in Ukraine. However, the declaration should be used by the Holy See to facilitate the functioning of the Catholic Church, in Russia as well as in Crimea and Donbas.

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Strategie kształtowania postaw wobec uchodźcy we współczesnym polskim dyskursie katolickim

Author(s): Bernadetta Ciesek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

For several months the public discourse has been centered around the category of the refugee/immigrant. For global societies, migration is by no means a new phenomenon; however, the mass influx of culturally foreign people and the dangers of that foreignness results in the emergence of new discourse distinguished on the basis of a thematic criterion. In humanist discourse, a newcomer arriving from a place which remains remote not only geographically but also culturally is designated as the Other. In the context of communication and its social outcomes, it is possible to differentiate between two mutually exclusive communication practices visible in the public sphere with regard to the Other: exclusion and tolerance. Subjects participating in the discourse (re)produce opinions and attitudes responsible for the shaping of the image of a visitor from the Middle East and their relationship with the Europeans. The subjects of the conservative discourse position the Other as a disruptive force destabilizing the moral and cultural way of life in Europe, bringing a promise of threat. However, in the discourse of “Tygodnik Powszechny,” those immigrants are perceived as equal to the Self. Both perceptions of reality and the attitudes of the subjects are connected by the fact that those perceptions and attitudes are created on the ideological level.

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ALBANIA: Albanian Migrants and Risks of Radicalization

Author(s): Ebi Spahiu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The case of Albania – a new NATO member and an aspiring EU state – reflects that of many Western Balkans countries which have seen their citizens, largely from Muslim-majority areas, join extremist organizations in the Middle East since the 2011 outset of the Syrian conflict. The number of foreign fighters hailing from Albania and the rest of the region peaked when Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi, the alleged leader of the so-called Islamic State (ISIL), declared the formation of a new “caliphate” in 2014, in territories in Syria and Iraq, and called on Muslims from around the world to migrate there. Security and intelligence services in the region quickly took action against homegrown extremist cells that recruited and facilitated the travel of citizens in response to Al-Baghdadi’s call. However, questions remain over what motivated citizens from Albania to join extremist organizations and the pattern of their radicalization. [...]

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BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: The Complex Ecology of Islamic Narratives and Movements in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Muhamed Jusić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The current religious life of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina is about returning to domestic traditions and reducing the post-communist euphoria in public demonstration of religion. The fall of the socialist order led to this euphoria, which was intensified by the aggression and war in Bosnia and Herzegovina – seen, in the minds of Bosnian Muslims, as aimed at destroying Bosnia and Herzegovina as a state and Bosniaks as a people. Meanwhile, the pluralization of the Islamic religious scene in Bosnia and Herzegovina has resulted in the emergence of non-traditional forms of Islamic religious practice. On one hand, this pluralization occurred within the Islamic Community as a consequence of its openness toward other madhhabs and Islamic experiences, and as a result of its exposure to globalization and other broader social and cultural shifts. On the other hand, it occurred outside the Islamic Community and, sporadically, against it, through advocates of different alternative, and in principle, sloppy and rigid interpretations of Islam. The vast majority of Bosnian Muslims perceive these alternative views as attacks on the traditional Bosnian practice of Islam, and they reject them as unacceptable attempts to replace a religion of joy, serenity, and tolerance with a religion of gloominess, discontent, and exclusiveness; attempts to abandon a religion that palliates in order to accept a religion that aggravates.

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Credințe și valori în societatea românească

Author(s): Bruno Stefan / Language(s): Romanian

The survey was conducted between March 30 and April 11, 2021 on a national sample of 1420 subjects. He measured the state of religiosity of the citizens with the help of several indicators: faith in God, frequency of prayers, church, fasting, confession, observance of holidays, reading the Bible, etc. The survey also measured attitudes toward teaching religion in schools, same-sex marriages, faith in the horoscope, trust in priests, attitudes toward abortion, the pandemic, politicians, and voting intentions.

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Marksizam kao religija: lično sećanje

Author(s): Branko Milanović / Language(s): Serbian

Pre nekoliko dana sam za svoju narednu knjigu pisao poglavlje o ratu. Danas u knjizi morate imati poglavlje o ratu, jer sve vaše priče o konvergenciji, divergenciji i globalnoj srednjoj klasi mogu biti zbrisane ratom, a naročito svetskim ratom.

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Bog nepostojanog

Author(s): Georgi Gospodinov / Language(s): Serbian

Dok piše, svaki je pisac ostrvo. Daleko udaljen od bučnog kontinenta ostalog sveta, izolovan ne samo zidovima svoje sobe, ostrvo usred vremena i istorije. Ipak, svako ko je i pokušao da piše zna to, i ovde će me svi razumeti: svet nikad nije celovitiji, lepši i privlačniji nego u vreme kada ga se odričeš da bi o njemu pisao.

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Національна безпека і оборона, № 119+120 (2011 - 01+02)

Author(s): Viktor Elens'kyy / Language(s): Ukrainian

CHURCH-RELIGIOUS SITUATION AND STATE-CONFESSIONAL RELATIONS IN UKRAINE: DECADES OF THE DECADE, TRENDS AND PROBLEMS // SECTION 1. RELIGIOUS NETWORK IN UKRAINE: STATE AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT // SECTION 2. LEVEL AND NATURE OF RELIGION OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY // SECTION 3. STATE-CONFESSIONAL RELATIONS: TRENDS AND PROBLEMS // ADDRESS OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE PERMANENT ROUND TABLE "RELIGION AND GOVERNMENT IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS OF RELATIONSHIP" TO THE PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE, THE VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE, THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE // RELIGION AND GLOBAL POLICY: THE WORLD AND UKRAINE // MEMORANDUM OF CHRISTIAN CONFESSIONS OF UKRAINE ON NON-RESPONSE TO FORCES ININTER-RELIGIOUS RELATIONS // CONCEPT OF STATE-CONFESSIONAL RELATIONS IN UKRAINE

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I jer se ufao u Mene, izbavit ću ga

Author(s): Vladimir Ilić / Language(s): Serbian

Pola procenta stanovnika Srbije na popisu izjašnjavaju se kao ateisti. Ima nas tek nešto više od 23 hiljade deklarisanih etničkih Jugoslovena. Pre jednog pokolenja 10 procenata stanovništva bilo je u Savezu komunista, političkoj organizaciji u kojoj je članstvo bilo nespojivo sa religioznim uverenjem.

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Pomirenje do umirovljenja

Author(s): Vjekoslav Perica / Language(s): Croatian

Rijetko su kad u povijesti kao ove zadnje dvije godine, srpske i hrvatske elite komunicirale tako lijepim riječima. Simbolično pomirenje naroda i vjera na ovim prostorima potaknule su početkom 2019. ranije zavađene klerikalne elite srpskog pravoslavalja i hrvatskog katolicizma. Podsjetimo se, to su oni vladike i biskupi koji su one olimpijske 1984. godine kontrakomemorirali u Jasenovcu i Mariji Bistrici. Hrvatski je katolicizam tada vježbao trijumfalizam jubilejom „13 stoljeća kršćanstva u Hrvata“ a patrijarh srpski je iz Jasenovca podsjetio na ustaške zločine nad Srbima porukom „moramo oprostiti ali nećemo zaboraviti“. Ima li smisla pitanje, da su se tada pomirili, da je došao papa i skupa s hrvatskim biskupima kleknuo u Jasenovcu, da li bi rat mogao biti izbjegnut? To ne možemo saznati ali možemo pratiti što će se postići procesom pomirenja koji je počeo 2019.

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National Security & Defence, № 015 (2001 - 03)

Author(s): Liudmyla Volynets,Anatoliy Chuprykov,Halyna Pyliahina,Kateryna Shchiotkina,Oleksandr Serhienko,Volodymyr Vaskovskyi / Language(s): English

THE CHURCH AND SOCIETY: CO-OPERATION IN THE NAME OF HUMAN LIFE // 1. OBSERVANCE OF THE HUMAN RIGHT TO DECENT LIFE // 2. HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS OF THE QUALITY OF HUMAN LIFE // 3. CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS // THE SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF CHILDHOOD IN PRESENT-DAY UKRAINE // SUICIDE EPIDEMIC IN UKRAINE CONTINUES // SAVE OUR SOULS // THE DESCRIPTION OF "TERRA U" // THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONFESSIONAL NETWORK IN UKRAINE: YEAR 2000

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National Security & Defence, № 034 (2002 - 10)

Author(s): Nadiya Dudar,Lyudmila Shangina,Andriy Bychenko,Volodymyr Vaskovskyi,Adolf Hampel,Yuriy Yakimenko / Language(s): English

THE CHURCH, THE STATE AND SOCIETY: THE PROBLEMS OF INTERACTION IN THE PRESENT-DAY POLITICAL PROCESS // RELIGION AND THE CHURCH IN THE PUBLIC LIFE OF UKRAINE // RELIGIOSITY OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY: THE LEVEL, CHARACTER, AND SPECIFICS // THE STATE OF THE CONFESSIONAL NETWORK IN UKRAINE // THE CHURCHES IN GERMANY: the experience of interaction with the state, political and public organisations // SOCIAL ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE: ARE WE DOOMED TO WHAT WE HAVE? // UKRAINE’S MIDDLE CLASS AS A PUBLIC ACTOR // DEFERRED LIFE, OR MIDDLE CLASS A‘ LA UKRAINE

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National Security & Defence, № 010 (2000 - 10)

Author(s): Viktor Yelensky,Kateryna Shchiotkina,Nadiya Dudar,Lyudmila Shangina,Serhiy Siomin / Language(s): English

CHURCH AND SOCIETY IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS OF RELATIONSHIP // 1. THE CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN UKRAINE // 2. INTER-CHURCH RELATIONS // 3. THE CHURCH AND SOCIETY // 4. CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS // RELIGION AFTER COMMUNISM: THE DIRECTIONS OF CHANGE // ATTITUDE OF THE STATE AND SOCIETY TO SECTS AND ‘NEW RELIGIONS' // CHARISMATIC CHURCHES: A RELIGION OR THE KNOW-HOW OF MAKING ZOMBIES? FAITH AND RELIGION IN LIFE OF THE UKRAINIANS // THE CHURCH AND THE ARMED FORCES: PARTNERSHIP OR ABSORPTION?

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National Security & Defence, № 068 (2005 - 08)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English

WHAT UKRAINIANS THINK ABOUT RELIGIOUS EDUCATION // RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS // ONE SHOULD NOT DELAY THE INTRODUCTION OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN A POST'ATHEISTIC SOCIETY / TODAY SECONDARY SCHOOL DOES NOT MEET SOCIETY’S REQUIREMENTS // WE SHOULD SEEK TO FORGE A NATIONWIDE CONSENSUS ON MORAL BEHAVIOUR // WE ALL KNOW HOW TO DO IT AND ARE CAPABLE OF DOING IT, BUT THERE IS NO GOOD WILL // FORMATION OF SPIRITUALITY, MORALITY, AND OUTLOOKS IS A PROBLEM THAT WE SHOULD RESOLVE TOGETHER // ARTICLE 11 OF THE CONSTITUTION OBLIGES THE STATE TO REVIVE TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS MORALITY // OFFERING MORALITY WITHOUT GOD MAKES NO SENSE // A SPIRITUAL SUBJECT MUST BE MANDATORY IN EACH SCHOOL // CHURCHES SHOULD ACT TOGETHER AND HAVE COMMON VALUES // MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM IS WHAT SHOULD BE TAUGHT IN SECONDARY SCHOOL // WE MUST WORK SIDE BY SIDE IN INTRODUCING SPIRITUAL EDUCATION

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Russian Aggression Speeding up Changes in Religious Situation in Ukraine

Author(s): Maria Piechowska / Language(s): English

The Russian invasion of February 2022 resulted in an increase in religiosity in Ukraine. The socio-political position of the currently largest autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) in terms of number of believers has strengthened. It plays a major role in sustaining Ukrainian morale. At the same time, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church-Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP) is losing importance and its pro-Russian activities are not translating into a lowering of the resilience of Ukrainian society.

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№187: Morocco’s Religious Diplomacy Drives Its Expansion in Africa

Author(s): Jędrzej Czerep / Language(s): English

Under Mohammed VI, Morocco has developed an original way of gaining influence in SubSaharan Africa: religious diplomacy. Led by the king personally, it exploits traditional and new channels of influence and has proved effective in re-establishing Morocco’s political role on regional and pan-African levels. It also strengthened the African vector of its economic expansion and may become an important part of the security equation in the Sahel.

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The Orthodox Church, Montenegro, and the "Serbian World"

Author(s): Kenneth Morrison,Vesko Garčević / Language(s): English

Throughout European history the church has played an important role in the creation of nations, their identities, and their states. While the political importance of the churches (particularly in traditionally Protestant or Lutheran parts of the continent) has noticeably decreased over time, in Orthodox countries the church remains a significant actor, inextricably linked to both politics and state power. The Serbian Orthodox Church (Srpska pravoslavna crkva - SPC) remains a potent force in public and political life today. While politics is transient, for Serbs in the Western Balkans the church is a constant - a stable entity and an institution that represents historical continuity, national identity and destiny. The church casts itself as the authentic articulator of the soul of the Serbs and throughout the Western Balkans many of them regard it as an institution that is beyond reproach. Consequently the SPC is more influential and powerful than any individual political figure or any state institution in Serbia or in the neighboring states where Serbs reside. Although its influence is exercised with relative discretion, it is nevertheless exercised. The SPC is not merely an instrument of soft power; it is an important node in a network spanning politics, traditional and social media, and academia within the broader Srpski svet (Serbian World) project. The term ‘Serbian World’ was first mentioned in public in September 2020 by Aleksander Vulin, then Serbian Minister of Defense (and since December 2022, Director of the Serbian Security Intelligence Agency). Vulin stated: ‘Aleksander Vučić should create the Serbian World. Belgrade must gather all Serbs in and around it, and the president of Serbia is the president of all Serbs.’ In essence, proponents of the Serbian World aim to ‘unite Serb lands’ in the Western Balkans. The SPC plays a crucial role in terms of that objective, in that it has been and continues to be utilized as an effective tool to interfere in the domestic affairs of neighboring states. The church enjoys a privileged status in Serbia and sometimes operates in a ‘grey zone’, outside the legal systems of neighboring countries. Montenegro, (North) Kosovo and Bosnia & Herzegovina (Republika Srpska) are all key to that project, but without Montenegro the aims of the Serbian World can never be realized, and it is here that the SPC and other proponents of the project have been most active in attempting to shape the political and social landscape. Hence Montenegro5 – where the SPC emerged in 2019 as the de facto political opposition - is the primary focus of our analysis.

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Pravoslavna crkva, Crna Gora i “srpski svet”

Author(s): Vesko Garčević,Kenneth Morrison / Language(s): Serbian

Crkva je kroz evropsku historiju igrala važnu ulogu u stvaranju nacija, njihovih identiteta i njihovih država. Dok je politička važnost crkava (posebno u tradicionalno protestantskim ili luteranskim dijelovima kontinenta) osjetno smanjena tokom vremena, u pravoslavnim zemljama Crkva ostaje značajan akter, neraskidivo povezan i s politikom i s državnom moći. Srpska pravoslavna crkva (SPC) i danas je moćna sila u javnom i političkom životu. Dok je politika prolazna, Crkva je za Srbe na Zapadnom Balkanu konstanta – stabilno tijelo i institucija koja predstavlja historijski kontinuitet, nacionalni identitet i sudbinu. Crkva sebe predstavlja kao autentičnog artikulatora duše Srba i širom Zapadnog Balkana mnogi od njih je smatraju besprijekornom institucijom. Samim tim SPC je uticajnija i moćnija od bilo koje političke figure ili bilo koje državne institucije u Srbiji ili u susjednim državama u kojima žive Srbi. Iako se njen uticaj ostvaruje relativno diskretno, on ipak postoji. SPC nije samo instrument meke moći; važno je čvorište u mreži koja obuhvata politiku, tradicionalne i društvene medije te akademsku zajednicu unutar šireg projekta nazvanog “srpski svet”. Pojam “srpski svet” je u septembru 2020. počeo promovirati Aleksandar Vulin, tadašnji ministar odbrane Srbije (a od decembra 2022. godine direktor Bezbednosno-informativne agencije Srbije). Vulin je izjavio: “Aleksandar Vučić treba da stvara srpski svet. Beograd mora da u sebi i oko sebe okupi sve Srbe, a predsednik Srbije je predsednik svih Srba.” U biti, zagovornici “srpskog sveta” imaju za cilj “ujedinjenje srpskih zemalja” na Zapadnom Balkanu. Srpska pravoslavna crkva igra ključnu ulogu u tom smislu jer se koristila i nastavlja se koristiti kao učinkovito sredstvo za miješanje u unutrašnje poslove susjednih država. Crkva u Srbiji ima povlašten status i ponekad djeluje u “sivoj zoni”, izvan pravnih sistema susjednih zemalja. Crna Gora, (sjeverno) Kosovo i Bosna i Hercegovina (a posebno Republika Srpska) ključni su za taj projekt, ali se bez Crne Gore ciljevi “srpskog sveta” nikada ne mogu ostvariti, i tu su SPC i drugi zagovornici projekta najaktivniji u pokušajima oblikovanja političke i društvene scene. Stoga je Crna Gora – gdje se SPC 2019. godine pojavila kao de facto politička opozicija – primarni fokus naše analize.

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