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Barriers to internal communication in companies

Author(s): Lukáš Smrek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The aim of the article is to identify the main barriers in internal communication in the company, which are perceived by employees of Slovak companies. The identification of the most common barriers in internal communication was carried out using a questionnaire survey among 508 employees of Slovak companies. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi-Square test and Cramer's V. The most common barriers to internal communication include too much information, concealment of information, concerns about job loss, ridicule or mockery, personal relations between recipient and sender of information, or inappropriate selected communication channel. At the same time, there is a difference in how men and women or different age categories of employees perceive individual barriers. While women and younger employees more often perceive communicator relationships and concerns as a barrier, for men the barrier is an inappropriately chosen communication channel. Older employees more often consider a disproportionate amount of communicated information to be a barrier.

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Education as a breaker of poverty: a critical perspective

Author(s): Phan Thị Tuyết Vân / Language(s): English Issue: 07/2017

This paper aims to portray the overall picture of poverty in the world and mentions the key solution to overcome poverty from a critical perspective. The data and figures were quoted from a number of researchers and organizations in the field of poverty around the world. Simultaneously, the information strengthens the correlations among poverty and lack of education. Only appropriate philosophies of education can improve the country’s socio-economic conditions and contribute to effective solutions to worldwide poverty.

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A Comparative Analysis of Men and Women’s Hourly Earnings in Poland with Particular Emphasis on the Education Sector

Author(s): Joanna Małgorzata Landmesser,Marian Rusek,Olga Zajkowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Research background: There is the lack of a sector based analysis of wages for different genders. We present such an analysis regarding the education sector in Poland. Purpose: The study aims to compare hourly earnings for men and women in Poland, with particular emphasis on the education sector. We go beyond the simple Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and compare earnings distributions. Research methodology: First, we examine the hourly earnings inequalities using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition procedure. Second, we extend this procedure to different quantile points along the whole earnings distribution by the use of the residual imputation approach. The results are obtained for the whole sample (people of all professions), for a group of teaching professionals, and for university and higher education teachers. Results: The magnitude of the gender hourly wage gap varies substantially depending on how the sample of interest is defined. It also heavily depends on the quantile of the analyzed distribution. Although the average gap in the educational sector is negative, the differences turn positive and increase with higher quantiles of distribution in favor of men. The disparity was most pronounced for university top professionals. Novelty: Our results provide novel insights into the sectoral dimension of the income gap. We analyze inequalities over whole distribution in the educational sector and compare them with wage inequalities in enterprises employing more than 9 people.

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Az élelemtermelés társadalmi és környezeti dilemmái egy Termelési és Értékesítési Szövetkezet példáján keresztül

Author(s): Melinda Mihály,Izóra Gál,Gábor Velkey / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 29/2021

In the context of the ecological and climate crisis and growing socio-spatial inequalities, there is an increasing urgency to think about environmentally and socially sustainable food-provisioning, the possible structures of food-sovereignty. The currently dominant economic system keeps the prices of food, raw materials, labor, and energy low by exploiting nature and people (Moore 2019 [2014]). Through studying a producer cooperation that was able to survive several eras (including state socialism) we would like to understand those structural pressures that push a producer organisation to externalise the costs of production on the society (employees) and on nature. Our research question: How does the globalized food system shape the strategies of a producer organization aiming to help producers to survive? What social (labor cheapening) and environmental (e.g., soil degradation, environmental impact through the use of plastics and chemicals) exploitation mechanisms does a producer cooperation existing under the pressures of global capitalism have? We aim to answer the research question in an interdisciplinary author community through the analysis of semi-structured interviews with farmers and local decision makers (39) and field notes from participant observation (day laborers working on films and 1-1 working days with packaging plant staff).

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Merre tovább agroökológia?

Author(s): Bálint Balázs,Lili Balogh,Katalin Réthy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 29/2021

The initially interdisciplinary scientific approach of agroecology has gradually opened toward sustainable agricultural practices, traditional, local ecological knowledge, international peasant movements struggling for seed and food self-sufficiency and the political aspirations of NGOs. From 2010 onwards, more and more actors are participating in the agroecology inspired transformation of the food system: non-governmental organizations setting the standard of agro-ecology, FAO agro-ecological symposiums, farmers' direct contact with consumers, and social movements, international peasant movements and activists criticizing the social injustice and ecological unsustainability of globalized food markets. Redefining the relationship between man and nature would require taking into account different knowledge systems, giving a more prominent place to traditional ecological knowledge, a set of farming principles and practices that can be as guiding for survival as our scientific knowledge. In the international arena, there are perceptibly sharpened contradictions around agroecology, irreconcilable positions, and attempts to appropriate the concept. Meanwhile in Hungary the basic infrastructure of research, development and education, as well as the policies and support systems that would best establish the agroecological transformation of our food system, including agriculture and food distribution, have been stagnant for decades. Our research reviewed the practical implementation of agroecology in Hungary, which is undoubtedly a niche market of food production; moreover, it is also surrounded by the misconception of uncompetitiveness. The article considers the conditions of the agroecological shift and the possibilities of establishing a national network. Our long-term goal is to establish a nationwide agroecological knowledge network and to help joint action leading to food system level transformation.

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A. T. Kuru, ISLAM, AUTHORITARIANISM, AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT: A GLOBAL AND HISTORICAL COMPARISON

Author(s): Benjamin Nurkić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2021

Review of: A. T. Kuru, ISLAM, AUTHORITARIANISM, AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT: A GLOBAL AND HISTORICAL COMPARISON (Cambridge University Press, 2019.)

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Public transport in a big Polish city (as exemplified by Łódź) in the opinion of older persons

Author(s): Marta Borowska-Stefańska,Michał Kowalski,Martyna Maczuga,Bartosz Szustowski,Szymon Wiśniewski / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

The aim of the conducted research was to assess how the elderly viewed the functioning of public transport, with Łódź, a large city in Poland, as the example. The data presented in the article originates from research of 400 inhabitants aged 60+ was conducted in the district of Bałuty in Łódź at the turn of November and December 2018. On the basis of the questionnaire survey (which contained questions concerning the use of local public transport by the over 60s for daily journeys and was accomplished by CAPI and MOBI methods) it was found that the over 60s have quite a high opinion of the offer of the municipal transport company MPK (they hardly ever use services of other carriers). As for the means of public transport, the tram is rated slightly higher compared to the bus. The results of the research enable the proposal of general recommendations for the transport policy in Łódź. This policy should be focused to a larger degree on: shortening the waiting time and, consequently, increasing the frequency of connections and punctuality, while continuing to provide high travel comfort, increasing the level of accessibility to stops and enhancing the clarity of information with regard to fare prices and exemptions.

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The influence of COVID-19 on regional railway services in Italy and Poland

Author(s): Jakub Taczanowski,Arkadiusz Kołoś / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The aim of the paper is to compare the scale of regional train cancellation in Italy and Poland in the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic and to answer the question whether different approaches to public transport limitation can be observed at national and regional scales in different European countries. The article is a preliminary study and as such contains the first observations and initial conclusions. From the analysis it results that the influence of COVID-19 on regional railway transport in both Italy and Poland is strong but much different. In Italy the scale of cancellation is generally larger and so are the differences between the regions. In both analysed countries the lines which have turned out to be mostly affected by suspension are urban and suburban connections with dense train traffic. It would seem that in Italy exactly as in Poland the train cancellations are more the result of the character of the operated rail system, the different approaches to regional rail transport and of the tendency to cut costs than of the actual epidemic situation in the regions.

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СОЦИЈАЛИСТИЧКЕ И СОЦИЈАЛДЕМОКРАТСКЕ ПАРТИЈЕ У ПОЛИТИЧКОМ СИСТЕМУ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ

Author(s): Vlade Simović,Nikolina Babić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 47-48/2021

The subject of this paper is the character and role of socialist and social democratic parties in the political system of the Republic of Srpska. The paper belongs to the research fields of political theory and political system. The aim of this paper is to clarify the character and role of the relevant socialist and social democratic parties in the Republic of Srpska. Using the criteria for determining the relevance of Giovanni Sartori’s parties, we defined that there are only two relevant parties of the stated ideological orientations in the Republic of Srpska. It is about the Socialist Party and the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats. The main hypothesis of this paper is that the parties of socialist and social democratic orientation, with all the ideological and program changes, maintained the discourse of the welfare state and the preservation of the sovereignty of the Republic of Srpska. The paper shows the emergence and initial ideological and programmatic foundations of these parties, their changes, election results, role in political processes and policy - making in the Republic of Srpska. For the purposes of this paper, an online survey was conducted that shows the attitude of citizens towards the activities of these parties, but also the ideas of socialism and social democracy.

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SOCIALIST AND SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTIES IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Author(s): Vlade Simović,Nikolina Babić / Language(s): English Issue: 47-48/2021

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Breaking the Vicious Circle of Defeat: The Common and the Revolutionary Practice in the Pandemics

Author(s): Angela Dimitrakaki / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2020

To celebrate the 10th anniversary of Praktyka Teoretyczna journal, we have invited our long-lasting collaborators and comrades to reflect once again on the concept of the common and it’s possible futures by posing the following questions: a) what is the most important aspect of the current struggles for the common?; b) what are the biggest challenges for the commonist politics of the future?; and c) where in the ongoing struggles do you see a potential for scaling-up and spreading organisation based on the common? In her reply, Angela Dimitrakaki reflects on possible means of transition to the common as a radically different socio-economic paradigm.

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Absorption Rate as a Tool for Assessing the Dynamics of Development Activity.

Author(s): Agata Antczak-Stępniak / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Research background: An assessment of the dynamics of the development of the housing market is critical for development activity and the institutions that finance it. Due to the capital intensity of development projects, it seems necessary to perform detailed analyses to be sure that the investment will find buyers and to know how much time it will take for this undertaking to be sold. The absorption rate reports it. Purpose: The aim of the article is, therefore, to verify the importance of the absorption rate in assessing the dynamics of property market development based on the example of housing development activity in Łódź. Research methodology: To achieve the aim, in the empirical part of the article, information on developers’ investments in Łódź was independently collected, and based on them, absorption ratios for several periods were estimated. Results: The study showed dynamic changes in the absorption rate, as well as its diversity depending on the type of building and location. That is why it is so important to analyze this indicator in developers’ activity, where the risk of recovering the capital engaged is very high. Novelty: In Poland, there are few publications on the given topic, and the existing analyses of the absorption rate in Poland, prepared for the largest Polish cities, do not include the division into specific locations or the type of real estate, which is why they are not sufficiently reliable information for developers.

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What can SVAR models tell us about the impact of Public Expenditure Shocks on macroeconomic variables in Algeria? A slight hint to the COVID-19 pandemic

Author(s): Chellai Fatih / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Research background: Public spending is a generator of economic growth as well as its components; this reality is more depicted in the era of the COVID-19 world pandemic where a recession in economic activities has touched all countries. Purpose: In this paper, we tried to study the impact of shocks in public expenditure on some macroeconomic variables in Algeria during the period (1970–2019). Research methodology: The VAR Structural models were used to study the response of these variables to shocks in public spending in Algeria. Results: The results of the modeling indicate a direct response of both exports and imports to a shock in the levels of public expenditure, but this response is relatively weak to the variable value of exports (especially in the short term), which is mainly due to the structure of the Algerian economy that is mainly dependent on the export of oil and gas, which in turn is mainly affected by international energy factors e.g. prices, supply, and demand. For the rate of inflation, there was an inverse response to shocks in the level of public spending. In the context of the global health and economic crisis, we will witness a further faltering of economic growth in Algeria. Novelty: Our contribution is a new feature of the application of the SVAR model in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic that focused on analyzing the impacts of public expenditure on exports and imports

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Ranking and classification of cryptocurrency exchanges using the methods of a multidimensional comparative analysis

Author(s): Kinga Kądziołka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Research background: The multidimensional assessment of the attractiveness of cryptocurrency exchanges seems to be an important issue, because the risk of the collapse of such an exchange or its use for illegal purposes is higher than in the case of traditional exchanges. Purpose: The aim of the work is to create ranking and identify groups of cryptocurrency exchanges with a similar level of attractiveness. Research methodology: 13 different composite indicators were considered. Finally, one of them was chosen as a representative according to the similarity of the obtained rankings. Clustering methods were used to identify groups of exchanges with a similar level of the constructed measure. Result: The best according to the adopted criteria of rankings similarity was the taxonomic measure constructed using the standardized sum method with equal weights. Combining hierarchical clustering with the k-means algorithm allowed to improve the quality of clustering measured with the silhouette index. Novelty: The originality of the paper lies in the use of different methods of a multidimensional comparative analysis on the cryptocurrency market.

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Sustaining South African small and medium-sized enterprises through monetary access and literacy in the COVID-19 era

Author(s): Thabiso Sthembiso Msomi,Odunayo Magret Olarewaju,Xolani Ngcobo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Research background: Monetary access and literacy are significant factors of concern confronting the survival and sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises. Purpose: This led to this paper seeking to understand the impact monetary access and monetary literacy have on the sustainability of SMEs in the COVID-19 era. Research methodology: The method was employed by this study is a quantitative research method, which is supported by a positivism research paradigm. Data was collected using a questionnaire completed by 310 sampled participants. Using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences to analyse data, descriptive, the Pearson correlation and regression analyses were used to estimate the model. Results: The Pearson correlation indicated a positive and significant correlation between monetary access and monetary literacy to the sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises (r = 0.564). The result indicated that some small and medium-sized enterprises do possess basic monetary skills while some do not. A significant number of small and medium-sized enterprises do not understand basic monetary terms, which justifies the lack of monetary literacy. Novelty: The study recommends that government agencies that assist with business registration should include a monetary training course as part of registration formalities. Further to that, the study recommended that government, banks and other business support institutions should simplify support programmes for the prosperity of small and medium-sized enterprises during and post COVID-19 pandemic.

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Challenges on Urban SocioSpatial Cohesion. The Case of Social Housing Complexes in the Regional Administrative Area of Piraeus in Greece

Author(s): Evgenia Tousi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The regional administrative area of Piraeus has long been a suitable case study for analyzing the impact of social housing. The six municipalities that constitute this urban agglomeration have been strongly connected with the Asia Minor Catastrophe of 1922 and the consequent rehabilitation of the refugee population during the 30s. Moreover, after WWII, more social housing complexes had been constructed in the urban area around central Piraeus, representing different architectural types and principles. Today, they host various socio-economic population groups. Economic immigrants and households of elderly people are some of the vulnerable households that reside today in the social housing apartments. One major issue is the poor housing conditions and the low level of preservation associated with high rates of poverty and social exclusion. This paper attempts to depict the contemporary situation in the area by providing thematic cartography with the aim of indicating crucial enclaves in need of urban regeneration.

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Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Decision: Evidence from Fast Food Restaurants

Author(s): Oghenenyerhovwo Rita Inoni / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Service quality is a major determinant of customer satisfaction and consequently a repurchase decision in the fast food restaurants’ (FFRs) industry. Nevertheless, prompt and efficient services alone may not guarantee a restaurant a place in today’s hyper- competitive marketplace. Therefore, this study was conceived to examine the impact of food quality (FQ), service quality (SQ), perceived value (PV) and restaurant environment (RE) on customer re-purchase decision, mediated by customer satisfaction (CS). Data for the study were obtained from a sample of 320 consumers drawn from 12 FFRs in three major towns in Delta State, Nigeria. Multiple and hierarchical regressions were used to analyse the data generated. The findings indicated that FQ, SQ, PV and RE exerted positive and significant effects on CS and re-purchase decision. The results also showed that CS fully mediated the relationship between SQ and repurchase decision, but the meditational influence was only partially for FQ, PV and RE; implying that FQ, PV and RE have their own direct influence on RPD besides through SQ. Given the impact of FQ, SQ, PV and RE on CS and repurchase decision, restaurants’ managers need to continually improve on the quality of their services, environment and offerings to sustain the patronage of their clients in order to survive in today’s hyper-competitive marketplace.

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Възстановяване и устойчивост чрез иновации

Author(s): Teodora Georgieva,Todor Yalamov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1 BG/2021

2021 marks the beginning of a unique combination of opportunities related to the new portfolio of European Union (EU) priorities, the recovery from the COVID crisis and public attitudes to change the political status quo, which Bulgaria can use to overcome its innovation gap based on intelligent digital and green transformation. Bulgaria had similar expectations and opportunities in 2007, but failed to meet EU membership for the first two programming periods.

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Nowy rachunek kosztów w podmiotach leczniczych – głos w dyskusji

Author(s): Aleksandra Szewieczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2021

Purpose: The aim of article is to comment on and evaluate the new legal regulations in costing in health care regarding how they are used by health care units.Methodology/approach: analysis of legal regulations, the literature on the subject, observations, as well as inference and synthesis in order to summarize the research results.The considerations in the research part were also based on the use of elements of the Delphi method, used to present the opinions of experts and representatives of health care units.Findings: The new cost accounting in healthcare entities is based on a systematic approach. It is partly a continuation of the legal solutions from 1999, but it introduces many new, detailed procedures, also in the form of instructions. The examined regulations meet the information needs of the Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System. However, the legitimacy and profitability of their use are questionable. It has to be modified to fully support the management of health care entities.Practical implications: The conclusions are useful for practice by highlighting the areas of costing that require extension and further critical judgment.Originality/value: It fills the research gap on the functionality of costing in health care entities.

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On the Statute of Philosophic Anthropology

Author(s): Ivo Stamboliyski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The subject matter and objectives of philosophical anthropology are examined. The article focuses on the contemporary problems that should be resolved in the 21st century due to the processes of globalization and the increasing importance of the human factor.

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