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ABSTRACT: The Library of University of Medicine and Pharma‑cy „Carol Davila”, Bucarest, preserves important and wonderfulmedical and pharmaceutical books from XVth –XVIth centuries.In this article we studied the first part of „Luminare majus...”,printed in Venice (1566)–(CS XVI V5). This book presents theteachings of Johannes Mesue and of Salernitan School whichremained highly important in the XVIth century. In the fif‑teen parts of „Luminare majus” are sumarized pharmaceuticalproducts with arab influence and we are informed on the tech‑nological process of drugs in Renaissance.We can affirm that the continuity through the centuries and thetherapeutical quality are preserved, (like in Romanian Pharma‑copoea 10th edition); of course there are many changes but theancient pharmaceutical nucleus is maintained.KEYWORDS: books of heritage, Johannes Mesue, Antidotary,Salernitan School, arab pharmacy
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This text introduces a collection of articles which seek to interpret Jewish ego documents and testimonies, broadly defined. Reading these documents facilitates a process of uncovering intimate threads and problematizing Jewish biographies.
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Současný stav bádání a perspektivy
The article examines the current state of research in the field of the history of economic sciences and activities of Czechoslovak economists in the era of socialism. It provides an overview of basic contributions, both domestic and foreign, on this topic since the 1990s, examining works of Johanna Bockman, Jiří Suk and Gil Eyal in a greater detail. It also mentions the latest research projects concerning this topic. In the end, the author offers a list of available sources (archival documents and published memoirs) which can be used in future research.
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Badinterova komisija je osnovana povodom Konferencije o bivšoj Jugoslaviji u Hagu 1991. godine i njena arbitraža ima snagu međunarodne presude. Ova međunarodna arbitražna komisija, kolokvijalno nazvana Badinterova, dobila je ime po njenom predsedavajućem Roberu Badinteru. Članovi Badinterove komisije bili su svi predsednici ustavnih sudova država osnivača Evropske unije. Reč je o uglednim pravnim stručnjacima koji su stvorili sveobuhvatan dokument sastavljen od 10 mišljenja. Većina građana Srbije i dalje misli da je to grupa međunarodnih eksperata, koja je tadašnjoj SRJ nanela ogromnu štetu i doprinela raspadu SFR Jugoslavije, mahom zbog toga što je to bio zvaničan stav vlasti za vreme Slobodana Miloševića. Prenosimo svih deset mišljenja tzv. Badinterove komisije, koja su devedesetih godina postala deo međunarodnog javnog prava.
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The complex of bridges and viaducts of the Fetești - Cernavodă railway was inaugurated on 1895, September 14, has a total length of 4087.95m and was the longest continental Europe’s bridge, also the third longest in the world at the time. The ”King Carol I” railway bridge, over Danube from Cernavodă, is the representative construction of this complex. The designer and chief engineer of the construction of the bridge and viaducts complex is the engineer Anghel Saligny (18541925), professor at the National School of Bridges and Roads in Bucharest, the most important personality in the Romanian history of civil engineering. The bridge is cantilever type, it has five openings (a central opening of 190m and four current openings of 140m each) with a total length of 750m. The most important innovations in this structure included the use of mild steel for the bridge deck and new system of cantilever beams (Gerber beams) for the suprastructure. The total length of a cantilever beam is 240m. This bridge is one of the representative constructions in Romania, being classified as an architectural monument of national interest.
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Ayniyat notebooks are the notebooks where the writings sent from Sadaret in the XIXth century to the provincial administrators, ministries and other authorities were recorded exactly. There are registries about the administrative, financial, military, legal, social and other different matters in these notebooks. The main aim of this study is to determine public order problems which were reflected in the documents sent by Sadaret to the Edirne province in 1876 and are in the 826 numbered Ayniyat notebook. The documents in this notebook contain short letters sent to the province. In the letters, to the provincial administrators were informed about what they should do in front of complaints and requests of the public. The documents determined from the notebook on public order problems are about pillage, extortion, robbery, murder, damaging the crop and property, settling on someone else's property by force, land and pasture conflicts. The behavior of the administrators in provinces and state in the face of public complaints about these events that occurred in 1876 and earlier were scrutinized in the context of the documents in the notebook.
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Alexandru Ciurcu was born at 29thJanuary 1854 inTransylvania (then in Austria-Hungary) where his Romanian parents took refuge after the 1848 revolution. Between 1876 and 1885, working as journalist in Bucharest, he invented a „jet cylinder”: a prototype of the future propulsion system he will make later in Paris with his friend Just Buisson. Ciurcu and Buisson tested the system on a boat, navigating upstream Seine River on 13thAugust 1886; so, 131 years ago, they tested the first manned vehicle ever powered by jet propulsion!On 12th October 1886, they received a French Patent for “Reactive propulsion system”.Before contract signing with French Civil Navigation Ministry, they made a last test on 16th December 1886; unfortunately, a pressurised container exploded, killing Buisson and anassistant. Ciurcu, wounded, survived. He later resumed testing the system on a railroad trolley; successfully, but not enough to develop an airship propulsion system.
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W 2010 r. mija 40. rocznica śmierci Henryka Wendta, proboszcza parafii ewangelicko-augsburskiej w Wieluniu. Jeden z uczestników uroczystości pogrzebowych Andrzej Wantuła – Biskup Kościoła Ewangelicko-Augsburskiego w Polsce wspominał: W niedzielę, dnia 15 lutego br. zmarł w Wieluniu śp. ks. Henryk Wendt w 84. roku życia. Pojechałem na pogrzeb (…). Była to manifestacja sympatii dla Zmarłego i ducha ekumenicznego: w pogrzebie wzię- ło udział pół miasta oraz 9 księży rzymskokatolickich, w tym jeden prałat. Nad grobem przemawiał ów prałat oraz miejscowy katolicki proboszcz, oczywiście oprócz naszych księży. Ja przemawiałem w kościele. Henryk Wendt był potomkiem niemieckiej rodziny pastorskiej. Jego dziadek Georg, urodzony w Osnabrück, przybył do Królestwa Polskiego w pocz. XIX w., by prowadzić działalność misyjną wśród Żydów, ojciec Fryderyk był pastorem w Łomży, Rawie i Nowosolnej.
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The modern epoch is connected to the increased pace of intercultural interaction. In numerous spheres of human activity, the communication field between representatives of different cultures has become a part of everyday life. The necessity to provide an academic study of this phenomenon has led to the emergence of a specific branch of science titled “intercultural communication” and has changed the direction of anthropological studies, the methodology of history, and sociology. However, the basis for this change of approach was not only a “cultural turn” and an attempt to enrich the “toolkit” by the newest methods of social sciences. One of the foundations for this shift to a new field of studies was self-reflection by historians and anthropologists. According to Maria Todorova, the ability to acknowledge the possibility of a scholar’s self-transformation by contact with the Other (and the dual nature of this process) is an ultimate indicator of this development by any branch of science. Asian and African studies are not exceptions.
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Dolgozatunkban arra a kérdésre kerestük a választ, hogy miért és milyen értelemben használja az Újszövetség az alvók, elaludtak, illetve az alvás képét a halottakra, illetve a halálra? Ez általános, közhelyszerű(nek tűnő) kép, amely nemcsak az ókori Keleten, a görög–római kultúrában, hanem feltehetően minden nemzeti mitológiában megtalálható, ezért könnyen arra a megállapításra juthatunk, hogy az Újszövetség is közhelyszerűen, minden különösebb teológiai intenció nélkül használja.
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The article addresses the structure of scientific research in the context of the methodology of science. This goal is realized through the concrete material of physical theory, detailing the structure of scientific research and its elements; its process and the laws it obeys; its results, which leadthe process; its motives, e.g. the "driving forces" of research and the role of philosophy in the process.The paperexamines the theoretical phase of researches as a synthesis of the empirical and the speculative,in contrast to the existing literature that presents the opposition between theoretical and empirical research. The steps of knowledge of the objective laws in a particular area are analysed: the empirical research,the non-fundamental theoretical,the speculative, and the fundamental theoretical; this analysis allows the generalization of the patterns of scientific research. Particular attention is paid to the speculative research and its main elements. The“methodological mechanism” of formation of new fundamental conceptions in science is unravelled. The essence of this mechanism consists of some non-logical cognitive operations (idealization, choice of “Gestalt”, substitution, generalization). The knowledge of corresponding combinations of these operations made by the investigator facilitates the process of research, decreases the probability of errors in the scientific cognition.
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