GLOCALIZATION OR "LOOKING IN BOTH DIRECTIONS"
The paper analyses and compares glocalization and GILT processes in general and also applied to website localization. Glocalization is considered from several perspectives.
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The paper analyses and compares glocalization and GILT processes in general and also applied to website localization. Glocalization is considered from several perspectives.
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Continuous and persistent assorted forms of terror unleashed on innocent civilians pose the greatest challenge to global peace and security today. Perhaps the Islamist terrorist is not understood correctly. Perhaps a true understanding of the Islamist terrorist lies in a thorough knowledge of their cultural background. In the era of interdependence, daily interchanges and globalization, where issues of cultural difference have become proximate, understanding the numerous actors through their way of life and integrating their concerns in world affairs is crucial for world peace and security. In this article, I am to reveal in short the study made upon the core values that dictate to culture and its unity in Islam, thus exposing the convictions that shape the laws, regulations and the distinct human characteristics of the 1.6 billion Muslims around the globe. The study also gives a highlight on the inner consciousness of Islamist terrorists and shows how the defence and protection of certain absolute values in the Islamic culture drive their evaluation and calculated response to arising circumstances in the course of daily life.
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National security is a public good that must be provided equally to all citizens of a state. Constant and sometimes concerted pressure is exerted on it, from a multitude of threats different in nature and intensity. Threats are of several kinds: symmetric, asymmetric, conventional, unconventional and hybrid. States act permanently, constantly, continuously and often concertedly to limit the effects of security threats on the lives and activities of their citizens.
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Globalization, by its beneficial effects, has the potential to „build” a better world. In addition, proper integration of national economies in a global economy and openness to other cultures, provide the most direct way to achieve security and world peace. On the other hand, for now, some economic policies that have accelerated globalization have led to less desirable consequences: increased unemployment in almost all countries, natural resource consumption and environmental damage, disparities between states, the liquidation of certain industries of some states’ economy. The fructification of the beneficial effects of globalization and minimizing those that are unfavorable requires concerted efforts of state and non-state actors at national, regional and international levels.
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Although we can perceive postwar art as one that reacts to forms and ideas perpetuated by Modernism, curiously enough, it is tantamount to a series of similar mechanisms both in terms of ideas and of the forms represented. This paper surveys and analyzes theories related to familiarity and strangeness in art theory from the 1970s, from the shipwreck of modernism, through hyperrealism and post-industrial art, to the thematic turn induced by the postmodern state, new ways of institutionalization, and new attempts on the definition of contemporary art, such as the interlocking vistas of meta-, alter-, pseudo- and digimodern.
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The images of childhood are influenced by the position of the body - physical, social and symbolic. In this article, I examine how images of childhood are created and used in urban spaces accommodated for street fitness. I focus on sports, which are understood not only as physical but also as symbolic practices of cultural learning. I look at examples of interactions in public places in Plovdiv that are used and visited by children and adults. The main goal is to present images of childhood in the city by analyzing visual data from the real and digital environment.
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The article mainly analyzes the pivotal role of the energy factor in Azerbaijan's both domestic and foreign policy. When the global importance of energy security is growing the development of energy infrastructure, its partial independence from external factors, the importance of diversification of energy sources is growing as one of the crucial issues of the country. In modern times, economic development and social stability are highly dependent on energy security, especially for energy-rich countries. Therefore, energy security shapes economic stability in the long run. In the era of globalization, the economic strategy of countries is mainly directly linked to the security of energy resources. Azerbaijan's energy resources are abundant, so the security issue is one of the main goals of Azerbaijan's energy policy. The country's energy sector needs huge investments in terms of modern infrastructure. Alternative and traditional energy sources need modern infrastructure to operate and meet domestic needs in the coming future.
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David Greig is a playwright from Scotland who has opened up to the world and has dealt with social, political and economic problems related to globalization, an issue of central focus and interest in his plays. The characters of Europe can be categorized under binary oppositions, and the main setting of the play, the train station, is representative of Europe as a continent. The existing system at this station parallels the social and economic structures seen in today's Europe. The train station, on the other hand, is the "in-between" space that connects the two poles, referring to a metaphor that corresponds to the in-betweenness in a society. The purpose of this study, putting this inbetween space in the centre, is to interpret the concepts "the other" and "border" and to examine, define and describe the binary oppositions such as Europeans vs immigrants, self vs the other, solidarity vs mobility, a running system vs a collapsing system, cleanliness vs dirt and structure vs restructure within the framework of this analysis and interpretation.
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Capital transfers accelerating with globalization come to countries in the form of direct and indirect investments. These incoming investments revived the economies of the country and increased production and national income. BRICS countries, which attract the attention of all countries of the world with their serious growth rates, are successful actors of emerging market economies. Especially in 2050, the estimation that BRIC countries, together with the USA and Japan, will form the G-6 has accelerated the studies on these countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of direct and indirect investments on economic growth in BRICS-T countries. Since the cross-sectional dependency was determined in the data for the period 1999-2018, the stationarity of the series was tested with the 2nd generation panel unit root tests. By applying ARDL model to series that are stationary in different degrees, the short and long-term relationship between the variables is tested. According to the ARDL model results, the short-term coefficients are insignificant. In the long run, 1 unit increase in direct investments will increase economic growth by 1,164 units; 1 unit increase in indirect investments increases economic growth by 0.172 units.
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2020 was unusual for entire world. Corona Virus was announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization and it became the key challenge for the world. Unexpectedly pandemic changed a political, economic, social life, it also put the issue of changing religious rituals up on the agenda. It made a dramatic change, changing not only lifestyle thoroughly but also it influenced public values and fundamental principles. Georgia, as the part of the global space was not able to avoid the problem. In order to prevent dissemination of the virus, Georgian government closed the borders of Georgia for the foreign citizens, it announced the emergency condition, closed trading facilities, stopped functioning of the enterprises, enforced curfew, prohibited gathering of more than three people and set charges for violation of the rule. For prevention of the virus, different confessions were forced to introduce changes in their services. Georgian Orthodox Church was an exception together with several churches of the world (Poland, Greece, Serbia). The patriarch of Georgia decided not to change the service rule despite high risk. It became the reason for excitement and criticism of clergymen, theologists, politicians and citizens in general. There were different positions and opinions inside the church itself, among the clergymen. The society had different opinions regarding the fact. This step made by the church was evaluated by some people as anti-social and antihuman decision. In the country, where the belief and traditions are closely connected, change of eucharist rule and close churches for the prayers are very sensitive issue. This is why due to respect to the Georgian church and Synod, as well as for high interest of the society, we decided to learn problem deeper. Actually, the following questions were asked, like what was the cause for the decision? Why the opinion of the churchmen, as well as parish and society were divided? What is the role of the state in solution of such problem?
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Nowadays the Industry of Private Security (IPS) has been seen as a very efficient actor in security and has served as a vital relying point for governments all over the world. The present concern on the activities of criminal and terrorist international groups has attributed to the private security companies extra power especially in protecting the interests of those States which are concerned for their internal security. Modern terrorist in the 21st sentry has new aspects and characteristics different from the terrorist in the past years. The aim of this study is to shed some light on the complex link of modern terrorism and organized crime in the age of globalization and the role of this IPS in this big asymmetric war. In order to reach this aim the diverse aspects of globalization and the diametrically opposite approaches dealing with globalization are touched upon in order to understand its complex structure. Which will be the new challenge on the root causes of terrorism, organized crime and the advantages of using IPS, in the 21st century are to be discussed.
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This article deals with the challenges that global governance has been enduring in the 21st century and focuses on the role of the novel coronavirus pandemic over its institutions. The discussion begins with an overview of global governance, emphasizing the theoretic dichotomy in international relations literature over whether the liberal international order is dissipating or not. This will set the stage for the analysis of both national and international responses to the Covid 19 public health crisis. The article highlights how the interaction between national policies translate to the international behavior of states by linking the domestic-foreign policy divide from a qualitative perspective. As a case study, the article analyses the World Health Organization as a prime example of a global governance institution in the international system. For comparison purposes regarding the national aspect, this analysis takes the examples of the Unites States of America, China, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Russia, Turkey and the United Kingdom as instances where national responses to the crisis translate into their international stance.
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Objective: The objective of the article is to explore the nexus between changes of various globalisation dimensions, defined by either policy (de jure) or outcomes (de facto), and the rise in income inequality in a panel of 27 EU countries during the period 1998-2017. Research Design & Methods: In order to tackle endogeneity issues, the effect is empirically tested applying the appropriate one-step system generalised method of moments (GMM) technique. Globalisation is measured by the de jure and de facto trade, financial, social, and political KOF globalisation indexes. Income inequality is measured by net Gini. To examine the sensitivity of our findings, we apply the decile ratio and quintile ratio as dependent variables. Findings: We have found several significant results. First, de jure trade and de jure financial globalisation exert a big affirmative influence on income inequality and suggest that changes in trade and financial policy have increased inequality in the EU countries. Second, the results testify that de jure and de facto political globalisation influence income inequality in various ways and opposing directions. Finally, the effect of social globalisation on income inequality lacks statistical significance. Implications & Recommendations: De jure trade and financial globalisation measures which are based on tariffs, trade taxes, trade and investment regulations, etc. increase income inequality. Therefore, policymakers need to rethink their approach to trade and financial globalisation policy and ensure that the increasing benefits of globalisation and rising income would be distributed more equally between different groups of the population. Contribution & Value Added: Economic literature has focused on the effect of different single indicators of economic globalisation on income distribution and inequality, while the effect of various globalisation dimensions is almost nonexistent. Contrary to previous studies, we also distinguish between de jure and de facto indicators of various dimensions of globalisation and reveal that they have diverse impacts on income inequality.
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"The biggest economic crisis since the Great Depression is not a natural phenomenon but a man-made disaster in which all play a role"
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Packaging is an inseparable element of all products on the market. High levels of demand for products from packaging industry comes from foodstuffs. With that, the increasing amount of waste from food packaging is one of the biggest threats for the environment, making sustainable consumption an important subject of research. An aware consumer plays the key role in it. The purpose of this article is to present the opinion of Polish respondents regarding the food packaging and the ways of their utilization. As the basic methods of utilization of food packaging, waste segregation in households and the disposal of used packaging into garbage were indicated. Environmental impact of food packaging was pointed out mostly by women, respondents from the middle age group, with low level of education and with the highest declared level of knowledge in the field of food packaging. Respondents with the highest level of knowledge regarding the packaging as well as the youngest respondents showed a greater interest in the methods of packaging utilization. Although consumer awareness towards food packaging utilization has increased in recent years, one should continue raising it.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on education, forcing teachers and students into remote learning and using various ICT tools. The question arises whether this experience will have a long-lasting influence on education. The article focuses on blended learning defined as an approach that combines traditional methods of learning (face-to-face interaction) with an appropriate use of technology. Apart from presenting advantages of using this approach, it emphasizes the importance of changing a traditional role of a teacher and learner in the process of education.
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As the coronavirus sweeps across various nations many people are finding themselves worried and panicked. Stress weakens our immune systems, making us more susceptible to illness, which is the exact opposite of what we need right now. The paper discusses the problem of fear and anxiety teachers are facing in the time of coronavirus. Different emotional and cognitive perception mistakes are explained. By biasing attention, anxiety alters what we are conscious of, and in turn, the way we experience reality. The paper presents the learning from positive psychology on developing positive educational strategies in the classroom. Resilience and well-being seem to be one of the most important skills both for teachers and students nowadays. Positive education is described as a remedy for coping with difficult emotions as well as the motivation approach for learning.
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As an emerging economy, Bangladesh has witnessed a remarkable development in adopting information and communication technologies over the last decade. Hence, the field of e-commerce is expanding rapidly and consumers are now using the internet as an alternative channel for buying. The fundamental purpose of this study is to predict consumers’ intention to purchase online during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study attempts to explore certain factors (attitude towards online shopping, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control) affecting consumers’ online buying intention. A structured questionnaire has been used to collect the primary data through the CAWI survey method. A total of 157 respondents have participated in this study from different universities in Sylhet city, Bangladesh. This study employed multiple regression analysis to test the proposed research model. The findings indicate that all the predictors have a significant impact on consumers’ behavioral intention to do online shopping during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, any developing country like Bangladesh has a genuine need for more research works on the e-commerce field. This study provides some valuable insights into the adoption of the online shopping system in an emerging economy which helps the e-commerce industry to understand online consumers’ behavior to develop various marketing strategies accordingly. The study also contributes to the body of knowledge both at the academic and practical levels.
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An international conference on challenges for law in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic was organised on 28 April 2021 by the Legal Interdisciplinary Science Centre at Kozminski University, together with the editorial board of the journal “The Critique of Law”.
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W dniu 28 kwietnia 2021 r. odbyła się międzynarodowa konferencja zorganizowana przez Prawnicze Interdyscyplinarne Centrum Badawcze Akademii Leona Koźmińskiego (ALK) oraz redakcję czasopisma „Krytyka Prawa” dotycząca wyzwań, jakie dla prawa przyniosła pandemia COVID-19.
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