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Kapitał ludzki jako uwarunkowanie rozwoju Przemysłu 4.0 w państwach Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Paulina Pilichowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

Human capital is the factor most often mentioned, next to knowledge and innovation, that allows gaining a market advantage in modern economies. This concept is defined as a derivative of education, acquired qualifications, and practical skills. The currently observed dynamic development of advanced technologies requires the inclusion of high-quality human capital in this process. The study aims to assess the potential of human capital as a condition for the development of Industry 4.0. The research included indicators concerning the share of employment in the high-technology industry and knowledge-based services, the share of employment in the high and medium-high technology industry, and analysed the share of people with higher education in these types of industries. The study covered the Member States of the European Union. The time scope of the research covers the years 2013 and 2018. The analysis was based on statistical information from the Eurostat database.

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E-learning in HEI education process: challenges and opportunities

Author(s): Tetyana Borova,Viktoriia Petrenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The article analyzes the current situation at the Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) forced to complete their transition to the distance/remote education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of e-learning technologies in HEIs educational process offers a range of opportunities for all students through better accessibility, increased interaction between teachers and students and between students and their peers, greater flexibility, cost.effectiveness. However, the transition to an emergency (crisis) e.learning induced by the coronavirus epidemic presents new challenges to stakeholders of higher education (professors, students, administrative staff, parents, educational authorities). The emergency (crisis) e-learning requires enhancing the level of teachers digital proficiency, reengineering of the course design, delivery and students assessment, rethinking the roles of both teachers and students involved in educational process, facilitating teacher to student(s) and student to student interactions, developing recommendation for improving quality of education. This paper presents an analysis of the challenges faced by teachers and students during months-long quarantine and the analysis of new support strategies aimed at adapting student-centered approaches. The study examines teaching practices and recommendations to improve the level of students academic achievements through encouraging teacher to student(s) and student to student interactions in e-learning environment. The authors provide some practical tips on adapting interactions to the learners needs.

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OPEN-SOURCE WEB GIS FRAMEWORK IN MONITORING URBAN LAND USE PLANNING: PARTICIPATORY SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Author(s): Anang Wahyu Sejati,Imam Buchori,Iwan Rudiarto,Christopher F. Silver,Kartiko Sulistyo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper presents a Web GIS application development framework through an open-source software which aims to provide reliable open data services, required for policymaking in urban land use planning. The geodatabase model is comprehensively developed. It displayed a user interface using QGIS, MapServer, and Pmapper, with open source tools with PHP MapScript programming languages and integrated DB-SQL, to generate a complete digital map service with information on urban land use policy. The results of this Web GIS development can be publicly used with spatial databases suitable for public consumption, and as decision support systems for stakeholders, especially in the policy of urban land use planning. Thus, this application can serve as a model for land-use monitoring systems based upon the principle of information disclosure toward smart city and smart governance.

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COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND THEIR LEGAL PROTECTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW

Author(s): Magdalena Silvia ILIE / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The protection granted to computer programs by copyright has been the subject of numerous studies and cases both domestically as well as internationally. Regardless of their literary or scientific nature, it is certain that, according to Directive no. 91/250/CEE and Law no. 8/1996, computer programs are "works" and, by way of consequence, to the extent that the internal and international regulations intended expressis verbis for their protection do not provide, the norms devoted to works, in general, are incidental. As a result, the author of the computer program benefits (appropriately) from the moral and patrimonial rights.

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PROS AND CONS OF ONLINE SOCIAL SUPPORT EXCHANGE ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES: A USER’S PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Roman Lyubenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article dissects the subject of online social support exchange on social networking sites, or SNS (mostly Facebook and Instagram) through the eyes of the platforms’ active users. Drawing on 20 semistructured in-depth interviews with SNS users from Ukraine, it discusses both the benefits of support exchange in the online realm, such as speed, resilience, unobtrusiveness, and its drawbacks, such as depersonalization, ‘ghosting,’ and privacy concerns. The text also explores the sentiments towards some of the main digital instruments of exchanging support on SNS, in particular posts and various forms of “likes,” as well as the perceived effectiveness of online social support in general. Additionally, it provides some context on how the phenomenon has been impacted by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

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ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE ON NEIGHBORHOOD LIVABILITY IN CYBERJAYA, MALAYSIA: A GLOBAL TECHNOLOGICAL HUB

Author(s): Foroogh Ali Komak,Nor Azlina Abu Bakar,Faziawati Abdul Aziz,Norsidah Ujang / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The phenomenon of rapid urbanisation that has occurred since the 1950s has presented opportunities for growth and innovation in cities, primarily through the utilisation of urban agglomerations and economies of scale. Urban areas encounter diverse obstacles that restrict their ability to provide services to inhabitants and hinder the achievement of a sustainable urban future for the residents. This research examines the issue of urban functional weakness, with a specific emphasis on the emergence of a global technology hub such as Cyberjaya, Malaysia. This study analyses the relocation behaviours of the residents, with a focus on the international community, and it identifies the inadequate public infrastructure as the primary factor contributing to liveability issues within the urban area. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilising both quantitative data collection and in-depth interviews, to support its findings. This study examines the impact of social variables and public infrastructure on neighbourhood liveability and design quality. The findings suggest that social variables play a significant role in neighbourhood liveability, while public infrastructure has a positive effect on both liveability and design quality.

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Why do Competition Authorities need Artificial Intelligence?

Author(s): Isabella Lorenzoni / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2022

Recent technological developments are transforming the way antitrust is enforced as well as the way market players are infringing competition law. As a result, enforcers are starting to equip themselves with sophisticated digital investigation tools. This paper explores this interest in building an Artificial Intelligence (AI) arsenal for the fight against algorithmic infringements. What are the key factors motivating regulators to develop their own technological tools to enforce competition law? Building on interviews with a number of competition authorities, this paper finds that changes in digital markets, the need for enforcers to reverse- engineer companies’ algorithms in order to better understand their implications for competition law, the need to enhance efficiency and keep pace with the fast evolution of the digital economy, and, finally, the decrease in leniency applications, are all reasons for which competition authorities should strive for more innovative and alternative means to boost their ex officio investigations.

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Focus on Competition Law Enforcement in E-commerce Sector in Serbia

Author(s): Darija Ognjenović,Ana Krstić Vasiljević / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2023

Competition authorities in countries in development in Europe have a long way to go until they meet the EU standards. Although the local legislation in non-EU members is harmonized with EU legislation for the most part, the enforcement part is the one where obstacles are traditionally more challenging, and Serbia is no exception to this rule. Serbia has had its share of problems when trying to enforce rules on protection of competition, and some of those battles are still being fought, however, the national competition authority now also needs to face rapid changes that come with emerging markets, especially e-commerce. Although e-commerce itself may facilitate anti-competitive behaviors, it seems that they may also have had an effect of a much-needed nudge for the Serbian Commission for the Protection of Competition (CPC) to finally dive into variety of enforcement powers that they have been entrusted with.

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Дигиталната трансформация като фактор за стилови промени в поп музиката

Author(s): Stanimir Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The influence of digitalization and digital transformation on pop music has been profound. Digital tools and platforms have democratized music production, allowing artists to create and distribute their work independently. Streaming services and social media have disrupted traditional music distribution models, connecting artists directly with global audiences. This digital era has also transformed fan engagement, fostering a more interactive and dynamic relationship. As technology continues to evolve, its impact on pop music promises ongoing innovation and opportunities for both artists and listeners.

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Elektroniczna biurowość w urzędach gminnych z terenu objętego nadzorem archiwalnym Archiwum Narodowego w Krakowie w latach 2011-2019

Author(s): Dorota Drzewiecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2022

This paper analyzes the progress of digitalization in the offices of communes, municipalities, and inter-communal associations from the area under the archival supervision of the State Archive in Kraków. The study was mainly based on the analysis of archival audit reports and the post-audit recommendations issued, which were acquired under the Polish freedom of information act. When analyzing the collected documentation, the main objective was determining whether the audited office primarily used the EZD system or the traditional system when conducting office management activities and documenting cases. Then, all IT systems (as well as the year of their implementation) were verified. The study covered the years 2011–2019. 2011 is the year when a new regulation of prime minister entered into force, regulating the possibility of managing documents digitally for communes and inter-communal associations as well as offices operating within these entities. The studied period ends with the breakout of the CO VID - 19 pandemic.

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Haktywizm w świetle regulacji prawnych – cyfrowi anarchiści czy bojownicy o wolność?

Author(s): Marcin Kowalczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2023

The aim of this article is to present the legal regulation of hacktivism – digital forms of civil disobedience. The article characterises the most import-ant groups of hacktivists, indicating their methods of online activities. It also discusses European Community legislation relating to cybercrime and the possible criminalisation of hacktivist activities. The article concludes with a description of the activities of the Anonymous group, actively supporting cyber warfare against Russia during the war in Ukraine, and a discussion regarding the justification of these activities in light of current legal norms and the assumptions pertaining to cyberwarfare.

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Crowddoing and crowdfunding democracy: Innovative strategies for countering foreign disinformation in Central and Eastern Europe

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Crowddoing and crowdfunding democracy: Innovative strategies for countering foreign disinformation in Central and Eastern Europe

Author(s): Shane Markowitz / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Central and Eastern Europe has become a ripe target for disinformation and malign narratives propagated by foreign actors. A deluge of propaganda deployed by hostile states is aimed at polarizing societies, undermining the decision-making capabilities of governments, and influencing public policy. Against the backdrop of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the stakes are enormous. Heeding research on debunking and pre-bunking strategies recognizing the limitations and potential of these approaches in inoculating populations against disinformation, this paper examines how several tactics deployed in the CEE region can both speak to and draw from this literature. While certain segments of CEE populations may be vulnerable to disinformation, the region also boasts civically engaged publics that want to take an active part in fostering societal resilience. The rise of digital elves (volunteer information warriors taking the fight to online trolls), the outsourcing of counter-disinformation activities to popular public institutions (like the police and military), and the use of crowdfunding to support news literacy education and independent media outlets present compelling alternative strategies towards responding to foreign influence. These activities show promise in overcoming obstacles faced by conventional approaches to disinformation and addressing CEE-specific issues related to media distrust and state capture of the media.

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Experience of design and development of a new open access interactive multifunctional database management system for special lexis of biology

Author(s): Arturs Stalažs,Karina Šķirmante,Silga Sviķe,Gints Jasmonts,Roberts Ervīns Ziediņš / Language(s): English Issue: 42/2023

Terminology work requires a lot of data processing in the practical research of comparative linguistics, especially when studying linguistic and terminological changes over time. The lack of appropriate wide-usage electronic tools and databases can slow down such research. Thus, an efficient information management solution is necessary to improve the efficiency of terminology and comparative linguistic research. Since 2021, a team of terminologists, translators, researchers, and information system developers worked together for two years, during which the open access interactive multifunctional database management system (IMDS) was designed and developed for data storage and a wide range of statistical and search options, especially for language research purposes and comparative multilingual studies in linguistics and terminology. The information system consists of multiple modules (input, statistics, export, etc.). The data input module was successfully designed and developed and has been used effectively by researchers for entering and collecting special lexis units. The article mainly describes the statistical data that can be obtained from the IMDS, as well as problems encountered during the development of the system. The IMDS data collection has been updated with 50,846 entries of scientific (Latin) organism names, 60,585 entries of local names of different organisms (mainly in Latvian, but also in other languages), 1427 entries of names of organism-caused diseases, 2942 entries of dictionary words and 313 entries of terms with definitions collected based on excerpts from different publications containing common names linked with their scientific names.

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The rise of COVID-19 terms in English and Romanian. Translation challenges

Author(s): Daria Protopopescu / Language(s): English Issue: 42/2023

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, linguists and terminologists in particular are confronted with a lot of challenges in translating new terminology. This has to do with a mass communication that is largely centred around English. The sometimes-sudden creation of new terms as a response to the new realities is one of the reasons behind these challenges. So, it is only fitting to research these attempts to offer equivalents for these newly-coined English terms posing problems to Romanian translators. This article aims to investigate in more detail the terminology related to the coronavirus pandemic, as a means to contributing to the rise of valid Romanian versions of English terminology specific for the coronavirus pandemic, keeping in mind that terms are “dynamically equivalent”. Our reasoning behind the investigation of the coronavirus-related vocabulary and its translation from English into Romanian (mainly via Google Translate) is to look into the issue of poverty of linguistic resources employed to adequately translate these terms. An analysis of the coronavirus pandemic-related terminology shows that Romanian equivalents for the newly-coined English terms is either missing of awkward sounding. We are going to investigate the several reasons for this. Our belief is that the main reason has to do with the fact that most of the available information about COVID-19, irrespective of its medium (blogs, social media content, articles), is in English. If we are to compare this to what happens in case of machine translation use, then the outcome is in certain cases quite infelicitous.

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The Influence of the English Language on the Polish Youth Speak

Author(s): Anita Jagun / Language(s): English Issue: 44 (49)/2023

The aim of the following article is to discuss the impact of the English language on Polish youth speak. First, the paper demonstrates databases that can be useful while analyzing the language of contemporary Polish teenagers. Next, it presents the English-origin lexical units that were classified to the final stage of the Polish Youth Word of the Year 2022 plebiscite. Finally, it highlights the similarities and differences between the use of a specific term in Polish and English. The results of the study show that the English-speaking culture has an enormous impact on how Polish teenagers communicate and perceive reality. Twelve of twenty lexical units selected in the plebiscite can be linked to the English language. Some of them loosely refer to English expressions or sounds. Many words are directly transferred from slang. They often originate from the world of computer games or social media. In today’s day and age, common access to the Internet makes them well-known in various parts of the world.

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Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Conduct of Monetary Policy by Central Banks

Author(s): Sonya Georgieva / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2023

Over the past few years, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have become increasingly important in central banks’ policy-making and monetary policy-making processes. The global financial crisis of 2008-2009, the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as various other episodes of high economic uncertainty since the turn of the millennium have adjusted central banks to a number of serious challenges and have led to the expansion of these mandates and emerging and exploiting new and extensive data. The study briefly notes on this as a big database (big data) and applications of AI/ML-based techniques that can provide support on monetary policy decisions, especially during times of uncertainty in the economy, referring to the latest research in this area. Also, concrete examples based on the creation of big data and AI/ML techniques applied in the activities of the European Central Bank and other central banks in Europe and the rest of the world are considered and analyzed. The analysis reveals that big data and AI/ML methods have demonstrated successful utility in conducting monetary policy by central banks. Although useful as a complement, these tools cannot be regarded as replacements for conventional data and methods due to issues related to statistics, the ability to interpret outcomes and ethical dilemmas.

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НЕРАВЕНСТВО КАРЬЕРНОГО ПРОДВИЖЕНИЯ ЮНОШЕЙ И ДЕВУШЕК В IT-СФЕРЕ

Author(s): Larissa Grigoryevna Titarenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

The problem of the imbalance of women and men in the IT sector, including employment and wages, is considered on the example of the Republic of Belarus at two levels — objective (real opportunities) and subjective (women’s perception of the situation). Data on employment, the presence of an imbalance of women and men in this area are given. Barriers on the way of women to the IT-sphere in obtaining a profession at a university, career advancement in the labor market are considered. Among the reasons for this process are the persisting gender stereotypes, the influence of the family, and the poor coverage of the advancement of women in the STEM profession in the media. Technologies for overcoming the identified barriers have been formulated, including support for girls through STEM centers, direct financial state support, educational quotas, and targeted pro-motion of gender equality in professions through the media. It is precisely this policy in the field of achieving equality between men and women that Belarus is oriented towards, actively developing the digital economy.

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Tourism of the future - opportunities and challenges of smart technologies and digitalization

Author(s): Sebastien Bourdin,Stanislav Ivanov,Leïla KEBIR,Oana Mihaela STOLERIU / Language(s): English Issue: SI/2023

In recent years, the tourism sector has undergone a significant transformation, driven by the rise of technology and digitalization. Whereas travel was once seen as an escape from everyday life, it is now augmented and enriched by a wide range of digital tools that shape every stage of the traveler's experience (Ahmad et al., 2023).

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Kripto Paraların Çevre Kirliliği, Makroekonomik Göstergeler ve Suç Üzerindeki Etkileri

Author(s): Yusuf Bahadır Kavas / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 03/2023

This paper aims to reveal the environmental impacts of cryptocurrencies, their macroeconomic relations, and their elements on crime. It is thought that the energy required for cryptocurrency mining causes more environmental pollution and damages the climate over time; the environmental footprint of cryptocurrencies may reach a dangerous point for the future of the world. It should be considered that different systems that require less energy during mining can be developed, and energy from renewable energy sources can be turned on for the crypto-mining system during hours when public energy consumption is low. In order to reduce the negative effects on economies, cryptocurrencies should be produced with an approach that can be audited, tax loss can be prevented and consumer/investor needs can be addressed. Due to the lack of effective legal regulation by states, cryptocurrencies can be used for money laundering, financing of drug-weapons-human trafficking and terrorist acts. For this reason, it is essential for all countries to quickly establish legal regulations on cryptocurrencies, prohibit black market transactions and regulate the global Bitcoin (BTC) audit

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Making up Real Media Reports’ Sample on COVID-19 for Use in Experimental Studies

Author(s): Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Rizun,Yurii Dmytrovych Havrylets,Alla A. Petrenko-Lysak,Sergii Viktorovich Tukaiev,Daryna Ivaskevych,Yuliia Yachnik,Anton Popov / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2022

The article reveals the procedure of selecting real media reports (RMR) on the COVID-19 pandemic in experimental studies. We assumed that RMR during the pandemic and several lockdowns had a real impact on people from different social groups. To monitor messages about COVID-19, we used the online service "Software product LOOQME" The algorithm to form the RMR sample was as follows: (a) search for all media messages available on the platform, (b) analysis of selected RMR by online service, (c) forming of an experimental content sample and its embedding in the experiment. The method of selecting RMR considered in this article includes a theoretical rationale for RMR; broad thematic selection of RMR using media monitoring systems; forming an experimental content sample with the use of parameters and selection criteria; additional procedure for rating the selected RMR according to a particular criterion with the participation of experts

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