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Artificial intelligence, its application and development prospects in the context of state security

Author(s): Igor Britchenko,Krzysztof Chochowski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Security was, is and will be one of the basic human needs. The state is naturally predestined to satisfy it. Various authorities and its structures perform a number of functions and tasks in the area of security, while increasingly using ICT and artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI for short). Today, we observe the process of the constant expansion of the list of countries using AI in order to ensure the state of security, although depending on the system in force in them, its intensity and depth of interference in the sphere of rights and freedoms of an individual are different. The purpose of this article is to define what is AI, which is applicable in the area of state security, and to indicate the prospects for the development of AI. The historical method was used as the leading one in the research process, supported by the comparative method and the dogmatic method. The development of AI in the field of security is inevitable. There is a danger of the uncontrolled development of AI and its alienation. AI will be transferred into space, enabling man to exploit it economically. It is necessary to take steps to enact legal regulations, including international ones, which will cover the methods and scope of AI use in the sphere of both military and non-military security.

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Роля на системите с изкуствен интелект в разузнавателната дейност

Author(s): Vasil Hristov Georgiev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report explores the areas of application of artificial intelligence systems in intelligence activities.

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Real estate practice and security concerns in Nigeria: the role of smart technologies/artificial intelligence

Author(s): Christian Osita Ifediora / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The security situation in Nigeria over the years been such that is alarming and no doubt that this ugly challenge of insecurity has affected all the sectors of the economy including the real estate sector while investment in same was seen to affected negatively. This study focused on smart technologies (ST) and artificial intelligence (ST) and their relation to security and real estate practice. It focused on firms/individual efforts aimed at providing security. In other words their commitment to security concerns. The methodology is purely descriptive and the population includes that of Estate Surveyors and Valuers in professional practice. The questionnaire administration was basically via social media. The study defined artificial intelligence and smart technology and what it should encompass in respect to real estate practice. It identified various security measures and modern technologies that have been deployed to enhance real estate practice. More importantly, it noted that there is noticeable level of awareness and application of AR and ST. The study recommends collective effort and more on individuals and as well firms capacity in ensuring security of all sectors of life.

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Аспекти на приложение на изкуствен интелект в електронната търговия

Author(s): Mihail Ivanov Mihaylov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Digital transformations are flourishing on a global scale and affect almost all areas of modern society. One of the industries in which artificial intelligence is widely used is e-commerce. The advantage of e-commerce over the physical store is that every person on our planet who has access to the Internet can get a visual idea of the goods they are looking for at any time of the day; to compare the market price of the item and if his requirements are satisfied to buy it, with just one click, without leaving his location.

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Регламентирането на изкуствения интелект в аграрното законодателство на Република България – назряла необходимост

Author(s): Valeri Velkovski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Artificial intelligence with its many possibilities is relevant to the needs of the agrarian economy, insofar as it is a basic branch in the structure of the national economy. Ensuring sustainability in the development of the agrarian economy is closely related to one of the manifestations of artificial intelligence – digitization. As stated in the Strategy for Digitization of Agriculture and Rural Areas of the Republic of Bulgaria [5], „digitalization allows the agrarian economy to realize its high potential and reap the same successes as the high-tech spheres of the economy: increasing productivity, adding value, improving quality and safety, and thus income and quality of life, drastically reducing pollution to sustainable levels, flexible and quick response to market trends“. The application of artificial intelligence in this regard needs to bring the Bulgarian agricultural legislation in line with the specifics of artificial intelligence, respectively the creation of new up-to-date legal norms in this area.

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Възможности за повишаване на ефективността на обучението по икономика чрез използване на изкуствен интелект

Author(s): Vesselin Panov Loulanski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present research report outlines the evidence on the uses of AI in the economics education and summarizes the pros and cons of relying on algorithms in search of cognitive efficiency.

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Роля на образователните институции за бъдещото развитие на изкуствения интелект и устойчивото развитие на селската икономика

Author(s): Marina Nikolova,Pavlin Bogomilov Pavlov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) is largely determined by the development and potential of the anthropogenic factor. This means the availability of sufficient specialists, on the one hand, related to specific knowledge in the specific field, as well as skills for scientific research activity using appropriate methods and means to prove characteristics and trends. On the other hand, the implementation of the results in a practical environment and the teaching experience about the usefulness of introducing intelligent systems in a wider environment is also determined by human potential. Today, the „fourth industrial revolution“ in the agricultural sector is particularly important and necessary, i.e. digital agriculture to be the basis of the modern agrarian revolution in the Republic of Bulgaria. It is only through wide application of scientific achievements and innovations that it is possible to achieve quality results in agriculture. The modern economy today is characterized by the rapid entry of artificial intelligence AI, which is changing a number of economic sectors, including and agriculture and the rural economy, as territory. Society as a whole is facing sweeping transformations and a new technological revolution. In our country, AI as a key tool of development is entering more slowly, but more importantly, it is becoming a catalyst for the need for digital transformation.

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Artificial intelligence in financial sector: robotic process automation and machine learning in the banking sector

Author(s): Lilyana Ivanova Kanelova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Until a few years ago, the topic of artificial intelligence still seemed relatively unknown. Today, however, not a day passes without news of a practical application of artificial intelligence. Quite naturally, this did not escape the financial, and especially the banking, sector. At the core of artificial intelligence is software that can "teach" itself and improve based on received data. It can be implemented in a number of banking processes: thus a particularly important application plays in the field of Compliance departments in banks and financial institutions. Banks use artificial intelligence to provide customers with the best and fastest customer service possible.

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Приложение на платформите за медиен мониторинг в кризисния PR

Author(s): Dimitrina Petrova Stefanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Digital interaction, new ways of processing and interpreting data, the sense of connectivity and the speed of over-response of stakeholders leads to the challenge of a „race against time“ in response to crises. The chain reaction of the movement of information leads to changes in crisis communications. Deeply influenced by these changes, the field of crisis PR seeks the most rational research tools in management practices. In this article, we claim that in case of systemic crises and threats to organization and trust, media monitoring platforms are a key tool. In the context of theoretical synthesis based on international studies, comparative and comparative analysis shall be used.

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Изкуствен интелект в корпоративната сигурност

Author(s): Ilian Ivanov Yordanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The synergy between technical advancement, the search for higher business results and human intelligence is mandatory as a factor for corporate security, and the intersection between artificial intelligence as an innovation and corporate security is only possible through the bridge of human judgment.

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Подходи за повишаване на готовността и способностите на ГД „Пожарна безопасност и защита на населението“ и нейните териториални структури за реагиране и бързо възстановяване след наводнения

Author(s): Stiliyan Ognyanov Krotnev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

General Directorate „Fire Safety and Protection of the Population“ – Ministry of Interior is a national specialized structure of the Ministry of Interior for ensuring fire safety, rescue and protection in case of disasters under the terms and conditions of the Ministry of Interior and the Disaster Protection Act.

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ADJUSTMENT OF AIR POWER TO CHALLENGES RAISED BY CYBER OPERATIONS

Author(s): Vasile-Cristian Onesimiuc,Sorin Topor / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Innovation and digital technologies have an even greater influence on the development and growth of the air power efficiency. Cyber operations are more and more visible and therefore presented as being part of normality. Upon state level, air force can no longer ignore this reality and has to take active measures to adapt to the new state of normality. Adaptation of the air power to the challenges raised by cyber operations is a lengthy process, which develops continuously and that shall cause additional consumption of means and resources that would usually have been allocated to other activities. However, provided the adaption of the air power to the new reality becomes impossible, then it will, unavoidably, lead to its transformation into a paper tiger.

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THE SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES

Author(s): CONSTANTINESCU Maria / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Cryptocurrencies were initially regarded as a technological curiosity and a way to put into practice the principles of the libertarian ideology. A decade later from the emergence of the first cryptocurrency, they have slowly made their way in many aspects of the real world and have been widely embraced, for legitimate or illicit purposes. Consequently, cryptocurrencies now have a variety of security implications, at national and even global scale. These implications derive first of all from their use for illegal activities (from terrorism to money laundering and financing the activities of organized crime networks), but also from their legal use, through their influence on the financial sector, on a country’s monetary policy or through private initiatives such as the Libra project initiated by Facebook. The purpose of this paper is to analyse these security implications and the measures that states can take to mitigate their negative impact.

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CYBER ACTIVITIES IN THE GREY ZONE: AN OVERVIEW OF THE RUSSIAN AND CHINESE APPROACHES

Author(s): COLOM-PIELLA Guillem / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Concepts such as “hybrid threat” or “grey zone” are used to define the wide range of “political warfare” actions that countries such as Russia, China, Iran or North Korea employ for projecting their influence, plausibly denying their responsibility and hampering any response by not crossing the threshold of an armed conflict. Those characteristics allow many actors to project their power asymmetrically by hindering the attribution of their actions, preventing the allocation of legal responsibilities, making retaliation more difficult and compromising the credibility of deterrence. Although many of these actions are carried out in the physical world, the virtual domain seems the natural realm for these activities. This is due to the ambiguity, anonymity, asymmetry, economy and ubiquity of cyberspace. This contribution focuses on the “grey zone” activities in the cyber and information domains conducted by two relevant powers – China and Russia – and discuss the problems and prospects related to those.

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REORGANIZING THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT THROUGH ANTIFRAGILITY AND COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE

Author(s): Adina Mihăescu,BULGARIU Elena-Iuliana / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Throughout time, the political, cultural, economic revolutions, the innovations - the evolution in general - are based on the capacity shown by the societies, and by the system in their ensemble, to absorb the shocks and, even more than that, to evolve and to improve themselves as a result. If the resilience is referred to the ability to face and to resist the unfavorable situations that have risen, the antifragility requires, also, a fast accommodation which, inevitably, brings progress together with it. Anticipating the evolutions and the fast transformations which appeared within the markets, or the various industries, represents challenges that the companies’ managers find harder and harder to manage. Starting from certain given situations, formulating the (short, middle and long-term) strategies represents a major step on which the survival of the company itself depends.More than ever, the economic environment, which is continuously changing and globalizing, needs precise and updated information, their analysis and pertinent predictions, and this, mainly, the task carried out by the Competitive Intelligence field.This article aims at transposing the concept of antifragility within the economic environment, directly connected with the field of business information and to relate these systemic concepts, highlighting how they can bring additional value and help decreasing the risks and bringing to a sustainable economic progress.

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THE ROMANIAN DEFENCE INDUSTRY IN THE INTERNATIONAL ARMS SALE MARKET’S COMPETITION

Author(s): Crăişor Constantin IONIȚĂ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

There is a fierce competition in the international arms sale market regarding the export of very high-tech and sensitive defence material. For some developed countries, like Russia, Greece, Italy, France, Sweden, the manufacture and sale of armaments represent a substantial percentage of their GDP and a possibility to grow their income and wealth. At the same time, because of the different research and development levels of advanced technologies in the production of defence capabilities, like multi-purpose platforms, unmanned systems, robotics, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence/learning machines, there is a huge discrepancy between American defence industry and the European one. This is really true when you consider the dependence of European industrial companies from their American counterparts. This dependence has obliged some European defence companies to establish bilateral or multilateral collaboration agreements to survive in the field of armaments export.For the Romanian Defence Industry, the discrepancy is even higher than Western similar companies, considering its reliance on old technologies, lack of specialists and research institutes, and acquisition of majority of its military equipment from the US. There is little interest from both the Government and the MoND to invest in national defence companies to buy their military products, which have lower technology incorporated and low performance equipment.

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ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE, TOOL FOR OPTIMIZING THE MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION IN ELECTRONIC FORMAT

Author(s): Lucian Scirtocea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The development of the IT & C field produces changes in the way of organizing and functioning of all civilian organizations as well as for those in the military field. The way of managing information in electronic format is a concern of specialists in both military and civilian fields in terms of optimizing the process of managing information in electronic format due to the large volume of files and documents currently operated.

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FROM FAKE NEWS TO REAL NEWS WITH A TWIST: DISINFORMATION AND COVID-19 NARRATIVES

Author(s): Iulia Anghel / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Given the major shift in perception, communication and identity triggered by the pandemic over the last two years, the use of digital tools to guide patterns of association, mobilization and action seems more powerful than ever. Although Fake News has been making headlines since the early days of globalization, its later developments revealed interesting conjectures on topics such as the rise of non-state hegemons, the ascent of digital diasporas, deterritorialization, or post-politics. In this context, the distances between fake news and reality tend to be blurred by the intervention of interpretive bias, while the role of public’s beliefs, latent iconography and power mythology becomes more critical. Following this argument, the paper looks at some of the emerging trends in fake news and master narratives in digital media, also tackling the implications triggered by their potential use in the context of hybrid confrontation.

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NATIONAL LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL DIPLOMACY MECHANISMS AND FUNCTIONS BASED ON EU EXPERIENCE

Author(s): Victor Adrian VEVERA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As information and communication technology has developed, its impact has been felt in many areas, including international relations. In the diplomatic field, changes have not been long in coming, while many European countries pioneering the use of the online environment to promote national interests and achieve foreign policy objectives. In this paper, we aim to highlight the main benefits of developing the field of digital diplomacy, the biases that the process has generated and to argue the urgent need to implement these technologies in Romania, based on existing experience in various EU countries.

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SPACE SYSTEMS – A NEW CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR?

Author(s): Cristian Băhnăreanu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In recent years, space capabilities have become increasingly important for the proper function and development of the economy and society and for ensuring security. Space is the newest operating environment for military powers, so decision makers can no longer ignore the benefits of space systems and technologies, but also the risks and threats they may be subjected to. The paper highlights the growing contribution of all these space systems to the functioning of most critical infrastructure sectors and assesses that they must be an independent sector of such infrastructures that need to be protected.

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