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"Only in Dying Life": Ursula K. Le Guin's Dry Land and Its Cultural Contestations

Author(s): Gabriela Debita / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2020

In his seminal essay theorizing the concept of heterotopia, “Of Other Spaces”, Michel Foucault insists that his focus is on external spaces. However, given the ability of certain spaces, especially those associated with trauma and torment, to simultaneously be inhabited and inhabit the psyches of their denizens, it stands to reason that some heterotopic spaces are internal as well. One such example is Ursula K. Le Guin’s Dry Land, an inner hellscape which appears throughout her Earthsea series. The Dry Land serves to mirror, invert, and contest not only the world of Earthsea, but also the pervasiveness of Western literary and cultural influences on the genre of fantasy itself. Inspired by classical and Renaissance sources (Homer and Dante) and modernist ones (Rainer Maria Rilke and T. S. Eliot), the Dry Land, a jarring spatial and literary aberration in the context of Earthsea’s Taoist framework, serves to confront both the resistance to the finality of death and the supremacy of the Western literary canon. In doing so, it demonstrates Le Guin’s desire to distance herself from Western canonical influences, while nevertheless highlighting the fact that, given the cyclicity of literary rebellion, she is, in fact, walking in Dante’s and T. S. Eliot’s shoes.

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"Quelli che stanno in cima alle scale". Nozioni minime e qualche riflessione su: 1956 e dintorni nella cultura e letteratura polacca

Author(s): Luigi Marinelli / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 2/2008

Credo si possa esser d'accordo sul fatto che i totalitarismi restano tali finché riescono a mantenere il loro appiglio, o meglio forse dire "artiglio", appunto, totale sulle società che controllano.

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"TURCI" U SATIRU MATIJE ANTUNA RELKOVIĆA (1732-1798)

Author(s): Ekrem Čaušević / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 47-48/1999

Der kroatische Schriftsteller M. A. Relković wurde in Davor (Slawonien) geboren. Als Sechzehnjahriger trat er in den Militardienst in einem am Fluss Sava stationierten Grenzregiment ein. Da er sich durch Tapferkeit besonders hervorgetan hat, wurde er im Jahre 1778 zum Kapitân befördert. Als Offizier nahm er am Osterreichisch-Preussischen Krieg (1756-1773) teil, in dem er mehrmals verwundet wurde. Mit 54 Jahren tritt er in den Ruhestand und zieht nach Vinkovci, wo er stirbt und beerdigt wird.

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"Женитьба" Н. В. Гоголя на болгарской сцене

Author(s): Tatiana Fed / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2019

The article traces a range of performances staging Gogol’s play Marriage in Bulgaria with a special emphasis on the respective translations into Bulgarian. The theory features translation and adaptation mechanisms specifically applied to cultural realia. The staging in the Sofia Theatre is highlighted. The methodology applied belongs to the framework of cross-cultural communication studies and employs cultural-historic and reception approaches.

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"Я не враг церкви, а еë друг и уверенный православный": церковная проблематика в публицистике Николая Лескова

Author(s): Marta Łukaszewicz / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 2019

The book contains analysis of the way of presenting issues essential for the life of the Orthodox Church in the 19th-century Russia in Nikolai Leskov’s journalistic works. Writer’s literary output is discussed in its historical and social context, against the background of contemporary press discussions. It reveals a bond between his spiritual quest, the emerging modern religiosity and changes taking place in the Church. It also allows to highlight similarities and differences between Leskov and his contemporaries and to trace the evolution of the writer’s views.

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(KOН)ТЕКСТУАЛНИ СЕЛИДБИ, КО-ТЕКСТУАЛНИСРЕДБИ

Author(s): Marija Gjorgjieva Dimova / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 1/2016

The subject of interest of this text is the film ‘Elegy for you’, interpreted through the prism of the relationships literature - history, text - context, discussed in the framework of the New historicism. Based on this theoretical-methodological background, the aim of film’s interpretation is to illustrate contextual moving of historical figures (in this case the Macedonian poet and revolutionary Kočo Racin), as well as to illustrate the possible creative games and semantic explosions created through a co-textually mediated meet between texts and contexts.

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(Prze)grać w kości. Franz Mon: granice poezji, granice interpretacji

(Prze)grać w kości. Franz Mon: granice poezji, granice interpretacji

Author(s): Dorota Kołodziej / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 31/2019

This article attempts to discuss borders of interpretation in the light of concrete poetry. The paper compares Franz Mon’s pieces to earlier works, especially A throw of the dice will never abolish chance by Stephane Mallarme. This research is conducted in the context of Mon’s and Mallarme’s metapoetic commentary, who both show interest in the categories of playing and musical scores. The article attempts to transfer this perspective into an interpretation of four texts by Mon.

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19. Yüzyıl Şâirlerinden Manastırlı Sâlih Fâik’in Dîvân’ına Dâir Bazı Hususlar ve Hazîne-i Fünûn Dergisi’nde Yayımlanan Şiirleri

19. Yüzyıl Şâirlerinden Manastırlı Sâlih Fâik’in Dîvân’ına Dâir Bazı Hususlar ve Hazîne-i Fünûn Dergisi’nde Yayımlanan Şiirleri

Author(s): Şebnem ÇAMBEL KALÇO / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2020

Manastirli Salih Faik was born in Manastir. He is from the Encümen-i Suara poets who lived between 1835-1899. Mr. Faik, who was born in the Manastir, later went to various cities such as Istanbul, Burdur and Gumushane due to his government duties. In addition to his duties, he was also interested in literature. He has four works. These are Aruz-i Turki, Elfiyye-i Seniyye fi’l-Adabi’l-Ahmediyye, Peymane and Divan. His works are important in terms of reflecting the religious, political, literary and social characteristics of his time. In this study, information about the life and works of Mr. Salih Faik. After we will talk about the issues that are found in his divan and which we consider remarkable. At the same time, his poems published in Hazine-i Fünun Magazine, one of the important magazines of his time, will be included.

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1918: fine, inizio e séguito, ovvero Julian Tuwim da Primavera ad Andatevene tutti affanculo

1918: fine, inizio e séguito, ovvero Julian Tuwim da Primavera ad Andatevene tutti affanculo

Author(s): Luigi Marinelli / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 10/2019

This essay addresses issues of periodization, with a specific focus on the importance (or overvaluation) of the reconstruction of the Polish State and its effects and consequences on contemporary Polish culture and literature: in fact, 1918 was perceived as a turning point and as an ideal boundary between an old and a new era. At the same time, different opinions about the “limits of modernity” in Polish culture and literature were discussed, emphasizing the longue durée of such cultural macrophenomena as the “romantic paradigm” or “Sarmatian” mentality and their significant impacts on the processes of continuity and discontinuity of culture. Searching for a merely literary explanation for the periodization of this first troubled period of the “short century”, the author stresses the importance of two texts by Julian Tuwim, Spring (1918) and You All, Go Kiss My Ass (1938), which feature all the euphoria of the beginning and the drama of the end of the period. The article also offers an initial attempt at an Italian translation of the Tuwimian Poem in which the author politely but firmly implores the vast hosts of his brethren to kiss his ass.

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1933 Sonrası Türkiye’ye Sığınan Nazi Karşıtı Aydınlar ve Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyatın İki Kurucu Adı: L. Spitzer ve E. Auerbach
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1933 Sonrası Türkiye’ye Sığınan Nazi Karşıtı Aydınlar ve Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyatın İki Kurucu Adı: L. Spitzer ve E. Auerbach

Author(s): Gülnihal Gülmez / Language(s): Turkish / Publication Year: 0

7 Nisan 1933’de, Almanya’da, Hitler hükümetinin ırkçı yasalarından ilki olan ve Nazi yöneticilere rejim düşmanlarından, özellikle de Yahudilerden kurtulma fırsatı sunan, “devlet memurluğu mesleğinin ihyasına dair yasa” kabul ediliyordu. Ari ırktan olmadıkları için üniversitelerdeki kürsülerinden kovulan çok sayıda bilim adamının Nazi Almanya’sını terk etmek zorunda kaldığı bu 1933 yılında, hemen hemen aynı tarihlerde, kuruluşunun henüz onuncu yılındaki genç Türkiye Cumhuriyeti de bizzat Atatürk’ün öncülüğünde, kökten bir üniversite reformu gerçekleştirme çabasındaydı. Her iki ülkenin tarihindeki bu ilginç kesişme, Nazilerin kovduğu birçok akademisyenin mesleklerine Türk üniversitelerinde devam edebilmelerini sağladı.

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A bardolator in spite of himself: G. B. Shaw’s Shakespearian works

A bardolator in spite of himself: G. B. Shaw’s Shakespearian works

Author(s): David Livingstone / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) had Shakespeare on the brain. He returned to his literary predecessor again and again throughout his lifetime, whether in theatre reviews, his own plays or in Shakespearian-themed works which will be the focus here. Shaw coined, of course, the term ‘Bardolatry’ in order to ridicule the blind worship of everything Shakespearian, feeling it impeded the evolution of a new kind of theatre of ideas embodied by the works of Henrik Ibsen and first and foremost, Shaw himself. Shaw had a kind of love-hate relationship with his predecessor, but also an obvious chip-on-his-shoulder, which he kept returning to repeatedly. Arthur Ganz (1983, 58) in his work George Bernard Shaw hits the nail on the head: “Lacking a kind of ‘negative capability’, Shaw could not forgive Shakespeare for failing to offer a systematic, optimistic vision of human life and history, what Shaw called a religion.” Shakespeare, in other words, lacked a moral purpose and message. Having said that, Shaw was instrumental in reversing the established trend of cutting Shakespeare’s plays in performance, something which we should all be most grateful for. At times, his dismissal of Shakespeare comes across as willful if not absurd, like a boxing challenger calling out the champion in order to increase the hype; this being incidentally precisely the theme of Shaw’s final work Shakes vs. Shav. Michael Holroyd (1988, 360) quotes the subject of his three volume biography on the issue as follows: “With the single exception of Homer, there is no eminent writer, not even Sir Walter Scott, whom I can despise so entirely as I despise Shakespeare when I measure my mind against his.” His bark is worse than his bite, thankfully, and the works examined herein all display an obvious pleasure in both the topic, the language and the imagined man. Charles A. Berst (1998, 64) sums up Shaw’s mixed feelings about his illustrious predecessor: Thus Shaw’s ambivalence about Shakespeare: on the one hand, keen disappointment and frustration with his mediocrity as an original or deep thinker; on the other hand, enticement by the vividness of his characters and scenes, admiration for his immense power over language, and enchantment with his musical expression. Shaw’s obvious enthusiasm about Shakespeare’s language, and the process in which he came up with his verse, is the primary focus of the following three Shakespearian themed works: The Dark Lady of the Sonnets, “A Dressing Room Secret” and Shakes vs. Shav.

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A Bookkeeper’s Honesty in Describing the World: On the Great Metaphor of Zbigniew Herbert, Recipient of a Master’s Degree in Economics

A Bookkeeper’s Honesty in Describing the World: On the Great Metaphor of Zbigniew Herbert, Recipient of a Master’s Degree in Economics

Author(s): Józef Maria Ruszar / Language(s): English / Issue: Sp. Issue/2019

In Herbert’s essays and poems we find not only a wide range of economic problems, but also a real passion with which the author describes the economic fundaments of all civilizations. In the apocrypha The Portrait in Black Flames and poem “Hakeldama,” Herbert creates a great metaphor of the Final Judgment as the Great Book of accounts. This is nothing unusual, as the poet held a master’s degree in economics from the School of Economics in Krakow, currently the Krakow University of Economics.

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A CASE STUDY ON THE MORPHO-PHONOLOGICAL STATUS OF SERBIAN ADJECTIVAL DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES WITH INITIAL J

Author(s): Aleksandra A. Janić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The subject of this paper is the status of Serbian adjectival derivational suffixes with initial j in comparison to their variants with initial lj, nj, and also without an initial consonant. Azbučnik prideva u srpskoj prozi dvadesetog veka by Miroslav Josić Višnjić was used as a corpus. The most favourable possible scenario for adjectival derivational suffixes ‑jan, -j(a)n, ‑jav, ‑jast, ‑ji, ‑jiv, ‑jal(a)n, ‑jar(a)n, -jat, -jev, ‑jevit, -jikav, -jin, ‑jit, ‑juškast and their distribution were analysed regarding the phonological characteristics of the final consonant of a derivational base they are combined with. These derivational suffixes with initial j in Serbian are the most stable with n and l at the end of a base (n + j from a derivational suffix > the phoneme nj, l + j from a derivational suffix > the phoneme lj), but they are rarely visible on the surface structure of adjectives (cf. pasji). In word formation analyses, adjectives with derivational bases with final nj, lj and other palatal and palatalised consonants can be morpho-phonologically explained with derivational suffixes with an initial j, but some of them also with initial nj, lj or without initial consonant.

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A Celebration of the Wild. On Earth Democracy and the Ethics of Civil Disobedience in Gary Snyder’s Writing

A Celebration of the Wild. On Earth Democracy and the Ethics of Civil Disobedience in Gary Snyder’s Writing

Author(s): Monika Kocot / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The article attempts to shed light upon the evolution of Gary Snyder’s “mountains-and-rivers” philosophy of living/writing (from the Buddhist anarchism of the 1960s to his peace-promoting practice of the Wild), and focuses on the link between the ethics of civil disobedience, deep ecology, and deep “mind-ecology.” Jason M. Wirth’s seminal study titled Mountains, Rivers, and the Great Earth: Reading Gary Snyder and Dōgen in an Age of Ecological Crisis provides an interesting point of reference. The author places emphasis on Snyder’s philosophical fascination with Taoism as well as Ch’an and Zen Buddhism, and tries to show how these philosophical traditions inform his theory and practice of the Wild.

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A Church Slavonic adaptation of the calendar in stichera by Christopher of Mitylene
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A Church Slavonic adaptation of the calendar in stichera by Christopher of Mitylene

Author(s): Catherine Mary MacRobert / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2019

This article analyses a Church Slavonic translation of the stichera by Christopher of Mitylene which is preserved in a form adapted for liturgical use in two East Slavonic manuscripts, one of the early fi fteenth century, MS 15231 in the archive of the regional history museum in Jaroslavl′, the other of the later sixteenth century, MS 90 in the library of St John’s College, Oxford. On the basis of its liturgical, calendrical and linguistic peculiarities it is argued that the version in the Jaroslavl′ and Oxford manuscripts is distinct from and possibly earlier than the translation hitherto known from South Slavonic sources.

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A čiji sam to ja

A čiji sam to ja

Author(s): Zdravko Zima / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 05+08/2019

0 Zdravko Zima A čiji sam to ja Uobičajena je pretpostavka, ili predrasuda, da pisac svoju karijeru počinje stihovima da bi se kasnije, u »ozbiljnijim« godinama, priklonio i drugim žanrovima. Kako se Tahir Mujičić nikada nije uozbiljio, barem ne na način koji propisuju pedagoški gnjavatori, tako je i njegov put bio drukčiji, o čemu dovoljno svjedoči njegova biografija i njegova bibliografija.

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A community of spoken words: forms and practices of the conversation at Viața românească cenacle

A community of spoken words: forms and practices of the conversation at Viața românească cenacle

Author(s): Maricica Munteanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The present article analyses the conversation of the cenacle Viața românească by exploring three directions of research. In the first place, the study concentrates on the conversation as a phenomenon of loss, focussing on the voice of the writers and oral speech as signs of extreme fragility. On the one hand, the reflection on the absence of the spoken word articulates an imaginary of evanescence that functions as a collective representation of the community. On the other hand, it reconsiders the relation between the oral and the written word by favouring the conversation against the literary work. In the second place, the article investigates the forms of the conversation specific to the cenacle as they appear in the memoirs of some members. Representing the cenacle as a democratic society where each member has equal rights, the memoirs of the cenacle depict, at the same time, some regulations that limit the speech such as the anti-rhetoric, the delicacy, and the admiration. Finally, the last issue to be approached is the content of the conversation. On the one hand, the cenacle represents itself as an elevated group that discusses the issues of literature, investing in the “profitable” conversation (Glinoer, Laisney) at the expense of the agreeable interaction. On the other hand, the cenacle values the forms of entertainment as a way of detachment from writing, the study focussing, in the last part, on the functions of laughter inside the literary community.

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A dekonstrukció a részletekben, az angyal az egészben rejlik

A dekonstrukció a részletekben, az angyal az egészben rejlik

Beszélgetés Orbán Jolán irodalom- és művészetteoretikussal

Author(s): Zsófia Pál-Lukács / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 802/2020

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A Family Meal as Fiction

A Family Meal as Fiction

Author(s): Josep E. Corbí / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Stacie Friend’s theory of fiction departs from those approaches that seek to identify the necessary and sufficient conditions for a work to count as fiction. She argues that this goal cannot really be achieved; instead, she appeals to the notion of genre to distinguish between fiction and nonfiction. This notion is significantly more flexible, since it invites us to identify standard—but not necessary—and counter-standard features of works of fiction in light of our classificatory practices. More specifically, Friend argues that the genre of fiction has the genre of nonfiction—and only that genre—as its contrast class. I will refer to the particular way in which Friend elaborates this claim as the contrast view. I have, nevertheless, the impression that this view unnecessarily narrows down the array of perspectives and attitudes from which we can approach works of fiction. I will thus develop a line of reasoning to the effect that the contrast view should rather be construed as picking out a particular way of relating to works of fiction that lies at the end of a continuum defined by different degrees of reflectivity and estrangement. This implies that the contrast view is false as a general claim about how we experience works of fiction, even though this view may appropriately depict a specific way of approaching such works.

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A Feminist Stylistics Analysis of “The Laugh of the Medusa,” by Héléne Cixous

A Feminist Stylistics Analysis of “The Laugh of the Medusa,” by Héléne Cixous

Author(s): Fatma Batular / Language(s): English / Issue: 97-1/2019

This present study adapts feminist stylistics framework to examine and analyse the gender representations and language of the laugh of the Medusa a speech written by Héléne Cixous. The paper, using a content analysis method, will mainly focus on issues related to gender representations and the language to interpret and uncover the implied and underlying meanings of the text. Héléne Cixous in her speech brings samples from the ancient Greek mythology of Medusa to give advices to her young female audience to write for themselves. She highlights the challenges and struggles that females have been repressed themselves through the patriarchal society. She encourages young girls to express themselves, their strengths and strong points in bravely through writing and boys to understand the feminine world. The study will scrutinize the speech to reveal the foregrounded features related to gender.

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