K niektorým otázkam vývinových trajektórií umeleckého prekladu na Slovensku (1945 – 1989)

Author(s): Katarína Bednárová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

The article is concerned with the situation of Slovak literary translation in the period of 1945–1989. It maps its development through four historical determining factors of the Slovak cultural and translation space: geopolitical situation,language situation, political gesture and the confessional phenomenon. This is the background of the mutually related and interacting, historically determined trajectories territorial excentricity → territorial integrity, exoidentity → endoidentity, heterolingualism → monolingualism, fragmentariness → integrality and relativity of signification → absolute meaning. The text focuses on the linguistic situation and the political gesture in the context of Lotman’s concept of culture and historicity, and on the value aspect, which is considered from the point of view of the role of literary translation in the cultural system in relation to the cultural code. The value of translation is understood as a renewal of the cultural code through disruption, and on textual level as conceptual renewal of meaning in relation to the poetic and ethical consensus with the original, while emphasis is put on the creativity of translation.

Der Lokativ des Ortes und seine Entsprechungen im Deutschen

Author(s): Aldina Šerifović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 9/2012

Poređenje jezika postaje komplikovano ukoliko za određene jezičke pojave ne postoje paralelni ekvivalenti u jeziku cilju. To je slučaj npr. u poređenju jezika kao što je bosanski, koji raspolaže sa sedam različitih padeža sa njemačkim koji ima samo četiri padeža.Abraham (1977:26) se poziva na Greenbergovu tvrdnju da se "padeži različitih jezika ne mogu porediti – dva padežna sistema mogu imati različit broj padeža, ali nazivi padeža mogu skrivati njihovu funkcionalnu razliku -, ali se može porediti upotreba padeža."Isto važi za lokativ, koji se u bosanskom jeziku uvodi prijedlogom i često ima značenje mjesta. Iako neki glagoli zahtijevaju upotrebu lokativa, danas ne govorimo o dopuni u lokativu. Kao prijevodni ekvivalenti značenja mjesta, čiji su oblici u bosanskom jeziku prijedložne fraze uvedene prijedlozima u, na, po, prema i pri, javljalju se situativne dopune i mjesni prilozi sa prijedlozima in, an, auf, vor, um, durch, zu, zwischen, gegenüber i priloške fraze.

Dílo Bohumila Hrabala ve Skandinávii, zejména ve Švédsku

Author(s): Miloslava Slavíčková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 46/2014

This article provides information about translations of works by Bohumil Hrabal (1914–1997) published in Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Sweden. The greater part of the article, however, is devoted to the reception of Hrabal’s works in Sweden, where they enjoy the most interest. The article is based on reviews and other relevant articles published in the Swedish press. It also considers the works of Scandinavian scholars of Czech literature, translators, and publishers.

Hrabalovy překlady ve Španělsku

Author(s): Monika Zgustová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 46/2014

In this article, the author, herself a translator and biographer of Bohumil Hrabal (1914– 1997), traces the translations of his work into Spanish and Catalan, and discusses his visits to Spain in the 1990s. She also traces the public reception of his works and recalls the exhibition held in Madrid in 2014 to mark the hundredth anniversary of his birth.

TRADUCEREA PROVERBELOR: TEORII ŞI STRATEGII

Author(s): Alin Titi Călin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 03/2016

This paper aims to tackle a relatively new theme in the philological research, our main purpose being to find a link between two different fields of research: paremiology and translation studies. Translating proverbs is a laborious process, caused by the complexity of the units extracted from the community’s wisdom, but also by the lack of a theory or strategies that can facilitate their transposition to a different language and culture. In this article, we realize a brief presentation of the most important theoretical aspects of the process of translating proverbs. We have included the solutions and the contribution to the topic revealed by Julia Sevilla Muñoz, Gloria Corpas Pastor, Mona Baker, and Eugeniu Coşeriu’s translation theory. Proverbs used as representation were collected from the Hispanic and Romanian culture.

PROBLEME ŞI DIFICULTĂŢI ÎN PROCESUL DE TRADUCERE

Author(s): Narcisa Schwarz,Laura-Rebeca STIEGELBAUER,Diana-Bianca HUSAR / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2016

The aim of this paper is to identify and analyse translation problems encountered in our work and implement the processes and the appropriate translation strategies to achieve an accurate translation of the source text in Romanian.This paper aims to identify, classify and provide a solution to the various problems that our translation source text contains.

TREI MODELE DE ABORDARE A UNEI TRADUCERI

Author(s): Laura-Rebeca STIEGELBAUER,Narcisa Schwarz,Diana-Bianca HUSAR / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2016

This paper provides an overview of theoretical keys and operational concepts of a translation and focuses on the translation process, making reference to three different models of description. The concern for the translation field has experienced a remarkable development over the world after the second half of the twentieth century for at least three important reasons: historical, theoretical and pragmatic. This paper intends to analyse and find the best translation model, which can be approached in order for the translation to be as close to the source text as possible.

TENDINŢELE ACTUALE DE PE PIAŢA TRADUCERILOR

Author(s): Corina Georgeta Abraham-Barna,Tiberiu Abraham-Barna / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2016

It is obvious that the globalisation in general opened the translation market to a global level. We are talking very often about localisation, but this is not the only subdomain of the translation market. Translation tendering, especially in Europe, represents a great opportunity for translators, terminologists and interpreters. Our study observed current trends in the translation market in the area of tendering in Europe. One of the opportunities is that the European Commission and other European institutions are increasing the number of open calls for tender and expressions of interest for language services.

RESURSE OFICIALE PENTRU TERMINOLOGIE CA UN FACTOR PENTRU CONTROLUL CALITĂŢII TRADUCERILOR

Author(s): Corina Georgeta Abraham-Barna / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2016

The Translation Quality Assessment, a sub-field of Translation Studies, focuses on several factors. Different approaches of the Translation Quality Assessment show a constant and important factor influencing the translation quality: the use of precise terminology. The aim of the study is to identify the most reliable terminology resources for translation and interpretation. Our work hypothesis was that the most consistent and reliable resources for terminology and translation are published by official institutions. We used the research method of the corpus analysis, and we checked websites of international organisations, in order to identify reliable resources of terminology, to be used by translators, interpreters and terminologists.

INTERPRETARIATUL PENTRU… ROMÂNIA PROVOCĂRILE CURENTE ALE PROFESIEI DE INTERPRET

Author(s): Maria Augusta Szasz,Maria Cristina Olt / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2016

The interpreters are not supernatural individuals with outstanding skill and a perfect memory, however they are extraordinary in the manner in which they coordinate their efforts and push their limits in order to perform better all the time. The recurrent question in the literature of interpreting is to clarify the distinction between interpreting and translating. This article shall discuss the extent to which this is applicable to Romania, and shall focus on the loose distinction the local market makes between the two, affecting the status of the interpreting profession. We shall also deal with the topic of interpreting in general in all the modes as well as the challenges interpreters face in Romania today. We shall dwell on the realities of today’s market and the manner in which the latter and the professionals manage to adapt to each other. We shall base our in-depth analysis from the provisions of a contract for interpreting services, and analyze the provisions that are most likely to be violated according to the authors’ experience.

Some linguistic remarks regarding Romanian Viking Studies

Author(s): Costel Coroban / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

In Romania there is no academic program dedicated entirely to the study of the Viking period in Scandinavia and Europe, but Romanian historiography can still boast with a decent number of monographs, translations and studies relating to early medieval Northern Europe. The concern of the present study is that of offering a general view on the language variations used by Romanian historians or translators when referring to certain Viking historical characters, rituals, artefacts or any other aspects regarding the history of the Norsemen. One of the first terms that ought to be considered by this study is the Old Norse word “viking” (used in runic inscriptions in contexts such as the verbal group “fara í víking” – meaning “to go on a raid”, “to go a-viking”). The complexity of translating this verbal structure into Romanian comes from the difficulty of turning the borrowed ethnonym “Viking” into a verbal phrase. Thus, it has been rendered as “a merge in expediþie vikingã”/”going on a Viking [+fem. desinence] expedition”. The only downside of using this phrase is that it might imply pleonasm since the Romanian noun “viking” already refers to raids and seafaring activities. Other authors have instead proposed the translation of “cineva care face un înconjur”/”somebody who goes on an expedition”, or simply “care e departe de casã”/”someone away from home”. But a royal saga also tells us about a noble who was “stundum í kaupferdum en stundum í víkingu” which is translated into Romanian as “în acelaºi timp în cãlãtorie de afaceri ºi în expediþie vikingã [at the same time in business trip and in viking expedition]”. The translation of í víking as “a merge în expediþie viking [going on a viking expedition]” also appears. In the translation of Frans G. Bengtsson’s well know The Long Ships, going a-viking is translated into Romanian as “seceriº [reaping], incursiune de jaf [raid for plundering]”, which is interestingly the only identifiable metaphor for this activity. Vikings also rarely appear as “wikingi” instead of the very common “vikingi” in Romanian translations.

Translating the Diaries of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy in Communist Romania

Author(s): Oana Purice / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

My paper will discuss the critical grounds that preceded the translation of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy’s diaries into Romanian, published by Univers Publishing House in 1974 and 1975-1976 respectively, focusing on the Prefaces written by Ion Ianoși. Relying on both historical studies and relevant documents of the 1947-1989 period, I will start by generally describing, on the one hand, the process of the Russian and Soviet translations into post-War Romania and, on the other hand, the Communist regime’s views and practices in translating and publishing autobiographical literature.Leftist intellectual who fulfilled his academic education in USSR and worked in the Central Committee for almost nine years, Ion Ianoși is a key-figure in analyzing the incipient reception perspective of the two Diaries; collating the 70s Prefaces with their post-Communism republications and Ianoși’s Memoirs, I will dwell on the position the scholar takes in the foreignization-domestication binary, as discussed by Sean Cotter following two of Lawrence Venuti’s concepts.

Despre traducerea în limba română (secolele al XVIII-lea și al XIX-lea)

Author(s): Georgiana Lungu-Badea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 54/2016

The present study of Romanian traductology has several objectives, some corresponding to the history and/or to the historiography of translation, others corresponding to the proto-theories of translation (Delisle & Lafond 2006, Delisle & Woodsworth 2005). Firstly, we highlight the explicit connection that exists between the inductive pre-theories of translation from the 18th-19th centuries – influenced by the Western theoretical models (cultural, historical, etc.) – and the deductive linguistic theories, and also between the branches of traductology: history, historiography, theory, practice, philosophy of translation. Grounded, not exclusively, on information from Un capitol de traductologie românească [A Chapter of Romanian Traductology] (2008), Repertoriile [The Repertoires] of translators (RTR I: 2006) and translated texts (RTR II: 2006), the present research goes beyond the descriptive-statistical approach, which is used now as a tool for an argumentative interpretation with parallels to the Western similar situations (historically delayed). We aim to reveal how the inductive and empirical theories of translation of the 19th century, of an obviously descriptive nature, combine with the deductive linguistic theories (the Latinism, the purism, the Italianism), of a predominantly normative nature. Also, we demonstrate that one can consider the existence of an incipient pre-traductological, inductive, research.

Madame de Staël, Mirza ou Lettre d’un voyageur (II), Mirza sau Scrisoarea unui călător

Author(s): Ramona Maliţa / Language(s): French Issue: 54/2016

The French romantic tale Mirza ou Lettre d’un voyageur, written in 1786, published in 1795, is one of Madame de Staël’s early literary works. This tale is the first in a series of three: Mirza or a Traveler’s Letter, Adelaide and Theodore, Pauline’s Sad Life, all written in the same period: 1786-1794. This translation, made for the first time in Romanian, follows closely Madame de Staël’s text as it was published in the edition of 1856. The footnotes accompanying the French text of the tale belong to the author; ours are accompanying this short presentation. This fragment represents the translation of the second half of the tale, the first one being published in the previous issue of the journal (Annals 2015).

A bíborvörös tanulmány esete

Author(s): Ágnes Kata Miklós / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2017

Enhancing Skill Development Opportunities for Translators

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Author(s): Silvia Blanca Irimiea / Language(s): English Issue: 09/2016

The present paper is an empirical and argumentative study, which goes out from the European educational policy, a policy aimed at promoting work-based learning, ensuring quality in Vocational Education and Training (VET) provision and providing continuos professional training to both employees and teachers, trainers, mentors. The paper sets out to investigate the translation market which absorbs the graduates of the Applied Modern Languages Department at Babeș-Bolyai University and to show (1) how graduates adapt to specific job requirements and exigencies, (2) the ways translators overcome job-specific difficulties, and (3) the training opportunities offered to translators after their graduation. The scope of the study is limited to the local practices available in 2015-2016. Building on a literature review of research carried out by CEDEFOP on work-based learning (2010, 2012, EC, 2012a, 2012b, 2013), on Europfund statistics (July, 2016) and UNESCO reports (2008, 2015), the study draws on information provided by local translation offices managers and employees and the discussion of results. The discussions and reports on the collected data reveal, on the one hand, a stable and satisfactory situation, in general, guaranteed by the quality of translations and qualified translators, yet, on the other, they show that the development or improvement of skills relies mostly on the employee's own means and resources, and on the limited 'in-company' training offered by the employees.

Deverbalisation. Case Study: Sight Translation

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Author(s): Andreea Dragu / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl./2016

The present case study is based on an experiment inspired by Al-Hammadi's (2008) paper regarding the use of deverbalisation and 'intermediate coding' as translator training techniques . A group of students of a master's programme in conference interpreting were asked to perform sight translation on a series of texts in two alternative ways: one part of each text was to be translated in whichever manner the participant found fit, while the other was to be translated according to a set of instructions asking the participant to read each sentence silently, rephrase it in their own words (in their mind) and only afterwards utter the translation aloud. The recordings (and transcriptions) of the sight translations were then analysed and a series of relevant observations were made regarding the practical application of some of the main theoretical studies of deverbalisation.

Culturèmes et implicite dans la langue juridique. Quelques « points névralgiques » de la traduction français-roumain

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Author(s): Carmen-Ecaterina Ciobâcă / Language(s): French Issue: 09/2016

This paper focuses on the translation of legal discourse. In order to solve the translation difficulties, the translator needs to move from the terminological approach, which is merely descriptive, to the discursive approach, which allows a broader analysis of legal texts. Translation difficulties can be terminological and discursive, in other words, cultural, the latter category being the most resistant to translation. As legal systems are mostly national phenomena, we can speak about various legal cultures and, implicitly, about culture-bound legal terms. In order to solve the issue of lack of correspondence between two legal systems, the translator can search for the “functional equivalence” and translate “concept by concept” rather than translate “word for word”. Besides his/her linguistic capacity, the translator must have a cultural competence and resort to comparative analysis. A useful step in this respect is the creation of Legal Translation Studies and the elaboration of dictionaries of culture-bound legal terms.

La correspondance commerciale entre stratégies discursives et marketing relationnel

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Author(s): Mihaela Toader / Language(s): French Issue: 09/2016

In a world where products abound in the market, it is difficult to be different in the eyes of customers. There are nevertheless companies which manage to create a style of their own. Customer relations, whether involving written communication or not, are a set of coordinated actions that a firm undertakes in order to stand out, to arouse the interest of customers for its products or services, to promote its brand and, last but not least, to develop customer loyalty by showing clients how much they mean to the company. This special kind of relationship – crucial for businesses – is based on several fundamental elements, but we think it is above all a state of mind of the company, which tries to give the best possible satisfaction to customers through its employees. This entails a good knowledge of the markets and customer expectations, and requires personalized communication with clients. As communication with customers from other countries involves higher multilingual and intercultural skills applied to specific areas of activity, training good customer communication professionals is the activity of both business schools and Applied Modern Languages departments. Most of the companies which are aware of the challenges of a relevant and good quality language focus on attracting and retaining customers. To do that, they recruit people who are highly qualified in the fields concerned. Which disciplines prepare the AML student for the field of customer relations?

Young Frankenstein : quand le sexe se glisse entre les mots

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Author(s): Alice Defacq / Language(s): French Issue: 09/2016

This paper examines the treatment of the sexual innuendos in the French adaptation of the American musical Young Frankenstein. Some of them were literally translated by Stéphane Laporte because they conveyed the same meaning. But some had to be rewritten insofar as they represented wordplay unique to English. These alterations were also made to avoid a loss of translation and to keep the humor of the puns doubled with sexual innuendos. The study proposes to explore the choices of translation made by the adaptor in order to allow the audience to enjoy the adaptation of the musical.