"Hammer Tarihi"nin Türkçeye Çeviri Teşebbüsleri ve Çevirisi Üzerine

Author(s): Tugba Ismailoglu Kacir / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2016

This article reviews the writing and translating processes of famous book "History of the Ottoman Empire" of Austrian Baron Joseph Hammer-Purgstall, who is one of the most important orientalists in the German speaking area. Although this work had been translated immediately after the publication into several European languages, since the 1830s, could only be translated into Turkish just in part in the early 20th century. Even though the process of the translation of "Hammer History" into Turkish language targeted at the period of Sultan Mahmud II., the first serious translation was published between the years of 1911-18 by Mehmed Ata. Ata’s translation serve as a basis for all following translations. However, while Ata had translated the book instead of German language, through its French translation and all subsequent translations followed the same path, the turkish "Hammer History" has significant differences according to the original work. Whereas through translation to translate is already problematic, huge destructions and falsifications due to French translator Hellert’s disloyalty to Hammer’s book has been transferred to Turkish. In Turkey this unfortunate misguidance is caused to misidentification of "Hammer History" and attribution of Hellert’s personal additions and interventions to Hammer. In this article has been stated the writing and translating processes of Hammer-Purgstall’s "History of the Ottoman Empire" and the problems of translations with the help of Hammers personal memory, which is in the Archive of Austrian Academy of Sciences, the documents of Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives, Hammer’s works and different translations of "History of the Ottoman Empire" and also secondary literature.

"Kompetencje tłumacza. Tom dedykowany Profesor dr hab. Elżbiecie Tabakowskiej" pod red. M. Piotrowskiej, A. Czesaka, A. Gomoli i S. Tyupy Kraków 2012, ss. 420

Author(s): Beata Piecychna / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 14/2014

"Snow White" Gets Black Hair and Brown Eyes – on Censorship in the Translation of English Children’s Literature into Arabic

Author(s): Paulina Bialy / Language(s): English / Issue: X/2014

Children’s literature is subject to different kinds of censorship which aims at adapting foreign texts in some way to fit certain ideology. Censorship in the Arab world involves the process of domestication of culturally-marked expressions, as, in the opinion of Arab scholars, young readers are threatened by a cultural invasion from the West that prevents the spread of local children’s literature. In this case, censorship is a means to preserve Arab cultural identity and moralizing role assigned to children’s literature. This article is aimed at presenting the major features of Arabic children’s literature as well as constraints which the censorship imposes on translators and the consequences of such restrictions. Moreover, some examples of censorship in the translation of English children’s literature into Arabic are provided on the basis of the research conducted by Arab scholars. They compared original English versions with their Arabic adaptations. The results show that the censorship is still a powerful means of influencing children’s books.

"TRANSLATIO STUDII" U POETICI SREDNJOVJEKOVNOG ANTIČKOG ROMANA

Author(s): Dijana Kapetanovic-Ljubas / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2017

This paper examines the literary motif of the political power transfer (translatio imperii), with a particular emphasis on the East-to-West transfer of civilizational achievements and culture (translatio studii) of the antique period within the context of the medieval French monarchy. Namely, the transfer of the entire sum of knowledge and cultural progress of the classical antiquities is present as a dynamic motif in theϐirst Old French romances. Formally more diverse and thematically richer than their predecessor, the epic poem The Romance of Troy, the Romance of Eneas and the Romance of Thebes, alongside the Romance of Alexander,are a triad of romances of antiquity composed on the threshold of the12th century in the territory of medieval France. As translations/adaptations of ancient masterpieces, these romances are analysed as upholding the tradition and classical authorities .Additionally, the paper discusses how the authors, by making references to antique authorities, confirm the new aesthetic value and truthfulness of their own (fictional) work. Furthermore, particular attention is paid to the motifs of topos and transfer present in the romances’ prologues which are the places of metaliterary and rudimentary theoretic contemplations about the author/translator and writing itself.

"Немско-българския речник" на Гео Милев

Author(s): Diana Stancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

This article is a first attempt at a more detailed presentation of Geo Milev’s German-Bulgarian Dictionary manuscript completed in 1916, as well as of its printed edition from 1940, revised by Dimitar Stoevski and published by Ivan Koyumdzhiev. A comparison between the manuscript and the print edition shows significant differences in the way in which the lexicographical informationis organized, in the macro- and microstructure of the dictionary, in the translation of German words as well as in the listed collocations and phraseological units. This paper is a modest contribution to the historical study of German –Bulgarian bilingual lexicography.

(Ne)episteminis modalumas: anglų kalbos must, have to ir have got to bei jų vertimo atitikmenys lietuvių kalboje

Author(s): Audrone Šoliene / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 69/2016

This paper deals with the three types of modality – epistemic, deontic and dynamic. It examines the relation between the synchronic uses of the modal auxiliary must and the semi-modals have to and have got to as well as their Lithuanian translation correspondences (TCs) found in a bidirectional translation corpus. The study exploits quantitative and qualitative methods of research. The purpose is to find out which type of modality is most common in the use of must, have to and have got to; to establish their equivalents in Lithuanian in terms of congruent or non-congruent correspondence (Johansson 2007); and to determine how Lithuanian TCs (verbs or adverbials) correlate with different types of modality expressed. The analysis has shown that must is mostly used to convey epistemic nuances, while have to and have got to feature in non-epistemic environments. The findings show that must can boast of a great diversity of TCs. Some of them may serve as epistemic markers; others appear in deontic domains only. Have (got) to, on the other hand, is usually rendered by the modal verbs reikėti ‘need’ and turėti ‘must/have to’, which usually encode deontic modality.

(Nie)poprawność polityczna w nauczaniu tłumaczenia (konfrontacja angielsko‑polska)

Author(s): Ilona Delekta / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the issue of political correctness in English and Polish as well as in language teaching, particularly in teaching translation. The considerations presented here are based on Polish and English literature (the term English literature refers to publications by English native speakers), as well as on the author’s experience as a teacher and translator. Certain sociocultural differences affecting the approach to this issue in both languages have been indicated. Due to complex and dynamic nature of the discussed issue, the article focuses only on selected language aspects which might cause problems with correct interpretation of the source text or its appropriate translation into Polish. Numerous examples, mainly from English, illustrate problems encountered by the translator and show how certain some assumptions of the political correctness in certain contexts can lead to absurd situations, misunderstandings or even identity loss.

(Nie)typowa rola tłumacza starożytnych tekstów dramatycznych

Author(s): Barbara Bibik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 39/2018

Ancient Greek tragedies were written by their authors to be performed on the Athenian stage and the shape of this stage with its technical devices was included in characters’ lines. However, there is a fundamental difference between the stage those plays were written for and the modern stage on which any drama translation may potentially be realized. The time span too poses a great difficulty for a translator as those plays belong to a culture we probably cannot truly access any more. According to Jerzy Ziomek, every text from the past needs to be adapted nowadays. But does it mean that a translator of any ancient drama aware that those plays were written to be performed on stage, can for various reasons, whether literary or theatrical, take on the role not only of the first reader, but also of the first producer of a given play, thus adapting it to the modern theatre stage?

1er Congrès mondial de traductologie. Paris, l’Université Paris-Ouest Nanterre, 10-14 avril 2017

Author(s): Christine Durieux / Language(s): French / Issue: 8/2017

21ST CENTURY GEORGIAN-RUSSIAN TRANSLATION: PRIORITIES AND INNOVATIONS IN INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE

Author(s): Irine Modebadze / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Translation is an integral part of intercultural communication and one of the most actual forms of exchange of spiritual values. The evolution of literary traditions and associated changes in translation norms have a substantial impact on perceptions about the adequacy of translation. Serious fluctuations in translation priorities are fixed in post-soviet space.This article will provide the results of research carried out for the first time that deals with the specificity of modern translation strategies through the analysis of five new translations of Shota Rustaveli’s poem. Analysis has proved that the postmodern mentality of translators at the end of the 20th century seeks to give the reader comprehension of the original – here the priority is attributed not to domestication but to hermeneutical interpretation of the text. A tendency of synthesis is outlined towards translation and publishing innovations, the main goal of which is translation of an original with preservation of the specificity of its cultural alter and decoding of a text from the position “other” is not “stranger”.

95 години от рождението на Микола Демянович Малярчук

Author(s): Olha Soroka / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 27/2013

A bíborvörös tanulmány esete

Author(s): Ágnes Kata Miklós / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 03/2017

A Byzantine Epigram in the Pictorial Cycle of Akathistos Hymn for the Virgin from the Narthex of Kremikovtsi Monastery St George (1493)

Author(s): Tsvetan Vasilev / Language(s): English / Issue: 16-17/2017

The research paper presents an unpublished inscription in Greek language from the narthex of the Kremikovtsi Monastery St George near Sofia – an epigram of the famous Byzantine poet Theodoros Prodromos, who lived at the court of the Komnenian Dynasty in the twelfth century. Being part of the scene Flight into Egypt and – more precisely, – being written in the scroll of a female figure – a personification of the city, no parallel of this inscription has been attested so far in post-Byzantine art. The only other scroll like this has been discovered in the church of the Seslavtsi Monastery St Nicholas near Sofia, but the text there is probably just a decorative detail. A complete study of the preserved part of the damaged inscription is conducted, together with a discussion about its linguistic and literary specifics in the context of the high Byzantine poetry and the Biblical exegesis. The aim is to outline and to describe the raison d’être of this religious epigram (ἱερὸν ἐπίγραμμα) as an expressive instrument for direct communication with the audience through its main stylistic feature – the dialogue between the Saviour and the layman, between the divine and the human nature of Christ. The poetical form chosen by Theodoros Prodromos immediately draws the viewers’ attention and it compels them to reflect upon the scene. Theodoros Prodromos’ epigram in the Kremikovtsi Monastery offers an exceptional and significant proof that the connection of Balkan art to the achievements of the Christian culture of the former Byzantine empire was still alive in the fifteenth century.

A Cognitive Approach to Metaphorical Expressions

Author(s): Attila Imre / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2010

The present book tries to offer an insight regarding metaphorical expressions containing the following prepositions or verbal prefixes:over, through, above, across in English, prin, peste in Romanian and át,keresztül, felett, felül in Hungarian. the study constitutes the Ph.D.dissertation of the author, and the corpus is based on recent and representative dictionaries of the three languages involved: the shorter oxford English Dictionary, Dicţionarul explicativ al limbii române (the Romanian explanatory Dictionary) and A magyar nyelv értelmezőszótára (the Hungarian explanatory Dictionary).

A Cognitive Approach to Methods of Data Analysis in Classes of Consecutive Interpreting

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Author(s): Ina Sîtnic / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2017

In the globalised society that we live in, given the technological development that we have to catch up with, interpreting becomes more visible and more relevant as it is perceived as a means of connecting languages, people and cultures and, more recently, as a means of uncovering the psycho-cognitive subtleties of the mind of the person performing the act of interpreting. The present article is meant to be a study with didactic implications. Students in the Department of Translation, Interpretation and Applied Linguistics (TILA) at Moldova State University have classes of ConsecutiveInterpreting (CI) in the second and third academic year. In this study, we will focus, particularly, on this mode of transferring information from the source-language (English) into the target-language (Romanian) and will take a closer look at the most appropriate methods used to determine if and to what extent students’ behavior and reactions to various linguistic and extra-linguistic factors that they experience while performing interpreting activities affect the product of interpreting.

A COGNITIVE APPROACH TO THE COMPILATION OF TEST MATERIALS FOR THE EVALUATION OF TRANSLATOR’S SKILLS

Author(s): Elena Berg,Mark Kit / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2016

This paper discusses the importance of a cognitive approach to the evaluation of translator’s skills. The authors set forth their recommendations for the compilation of test materials for the evaluation of translators’ cognitive ability.

A Comparative Study of Perception of (Im)Politeness between Iranian EFL Learners and Americans: The Case of Request Speech Act

Author(s): Bahareh Ghasempour,Maryam Farnia / Language(s): English / Issue: 29/2016

Learning a language means learning the culture. What we act and speak reflect the culture of our language. Requests have attracted the attention of many researchers which they have often been investigated adjacent to the politeness (Liu, 2007; Jalilifar, 2009; Al-Marrani & Sazalie, 2010; Félix- Brasdefer, 2010; Youssef, 2012; Mohammadi & Tamimi Sa’d, 2014). The purpose of this study is to examine Iranian EFL learners, Persian native speakers, and American English native speakers’ perception of speech act of requests without politeness markers. To this end, the data were collected from 35 EFL learners, 35 Persian native speakers, and 14 English native speakers. The data were collected through an open ended questionnaire in the form of Discourse Completion Task and a Perception questionnaire in the form of Likert scale adopted from Saidi and Khosravi (2015). The questionnaire consists of situations with variations in contextual variables, i.e. social status: requests made by people of higher social status, equal social status and lower social status relative to the speakers. The participants were asked to imagine themselves in the situations and rate the (im)politeness of each request situation on a 4-point Likert scale. Moreover, they were required to write down what they would say if they were in a situation without politeness markers. A translated version of questionnaire was handed to Persian native speakers. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between EFL learners and English native participants, and also between EFL learners and Persian speakers’ perceptions of (im)politeness of different request situations. Moreover, by comparing the three groups of participants who perceived a request as mostly/ slightly impolite, the writer provided information about their expectations of politeness in different situations. It is hoped that the findings of this study can add to the body of knowledge in speech act studies in general and to our understanding of Iranian EFL learners and Persian native speakers’ perception of (im)politeness in particular.

A corpus-driven analysis of structural types of lexical bundles in court judgments in English and their translation into Lithuanian

Author(s): Donata Berukštiene / Language(s): English / Issue: 70/2017

Formulaicity is one of the characteristic features of legal discourse, which manifests itself not only at the level of wording, “but also in the content, structure and layout” of legal texts (Ruusila & Londroos 2016, 123). Formulaic language, which includes phrasal and prepositional verbs, idioms, collocations, lexico-grammatical associations, lexical bundles, etc., are building blocks of legal discourse shaping legal text meanings. However, up to now, far too little attention has been paid to the nature of frequently occurring “sequences of three or more words that show a statistical tendency to co-occur” (Biber & Conrad 1999, 183), i.e. lexical bundles, in different genres of legal texts. Most studies in the field of lexical bundles in legal texts have only been based on one language (e.g. Jablonkai 2009; Goźdź-Roszkowski 2011; Breeze 2013), whereas translation-oriented contrastive studies on lexical bundles are lacking. In respect of the aforementioned gaps, the aim of this pilot study is to analyse structural types of lexical bundles in court judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union in English and to examine the way these structures are rendered into Lithuanian. To gain insights into the frequency and structure of lexical bundles, the present study uses the methodological guidelines of corpus linguistics. The classification of lexical bundles into structural types is based on the framework suggested by Biber et al. (1999, 2004). For the purpose of this study, a parallel corpus of court judgments was compiled comprising approximately 1 million words of original court judgments in the English language and about 8 hundred thousand words of court judgments translated into Lithuanian. Lexical bundles in this research were identified using the corpus analysis toolkit AntConc 3.4.4 (Anthony 2015). A concordance program AntPConc 1.2.0 (Anthony 2017) was employed to find Lithuanian equivalents of the most frequent lexical bundles identified in the English court judgments. The evidence from this study suggests that different structural types of lexical bundles have more or less regular equivalents in Lithuanian; however, in most cases, these equivalents tend to be shorter.

A DIFFERENT SHADE OF SHADOWING: SOURCE TEXT TO SOURCE TEXT AS EFFICIENT SIMULTANEOUS PROCESSING EXERCISE

Author(s): Svetlana Carsten / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2013

Many conference interpreter trainers consider shadowing as an unhelpful exercise in simultaneous interpreting training because it does not require the student to analyse while processing the information. Among the outspoken critics of shadowing was Seleskovitch (Seleskovitch and Lederer, 1989); Kurtz questioned the value of the exercise in her article “Shadowing” Exercises in Interpreter Training (Kurtz, 1992) and Gillies maintains that it is the ‘thinking’ element that is absent and yet so important in Simultaneous Interpreting (Gillies, 2012). However, in the early 1990s Lambert championed shadowing as a useful device in the early stages of SI training even though she accepted that use of shadowing in training was controversial, she justified it as one of the training methods employed with beginner interpreters (Lambert, 1992). The exercise proposed in this paper takes shadowing beyond what Lambert offers and closer to simultaneous proper. It is a form of intelligent editing, which requires a higher order of processing capacity compared to that of shadowing. It is termed as efficient simultaneous processing of the source text.

A DUAL PERSPECTIVE IN LEGAL TRANSLATION

Author(s): Radegundis STOLZE / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2014

The article describes, on the basis of hermeneutics, the specific perspective from which a translator may approach legal texts, as translation is seen as a personalized activity. Different text types are rooted in a specific legal system and fulfil their function within a special field of law, and the cultural and legal background is evident in linguistic aspects on a textual level. Comparative law carries out research on the differences in legal concepts, whereas translation studies and practice use this knowledge as a basis for work. Legal terminology has various levels of abstraction and appears in texts along with general language words. Fields of orientation for the translator are presented here, such as legal contexts, genre, concepts and style. This should be combined with proficiency in writing according to the text function, terminology and standard formulae. The translator tries to make source cultural and legal aspects transparent for target readers, as translation is always a means of comprehension that furthers communication.