MERLEAU-PONTY ENTRE MACHIAVEL ET MARX: VERS UNE NOUVELLE ANALOGIE DU CORPS POLITIQUE

Author(s): Anne Gléonec / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2015

This article is the second part of our phenomenological study on the analogy between the body andthe political body. Its aim is to confront the previous analysis of Claude Lefort’s critique of the ontologiesof the Political Body with the Merleau-Pontian thought of history, institution, and corporeality.Indeed, this Merleau-Pontian thought, specifically developed in the courses of the 1950’s, allows fora renewal of the analogy itself, via another reading of the Lefortian major inheritance: Machiavelli andMarx. By parallelly following Merleau-Ponty’s evolutive reading of these two authors, and the essentialchanges in his phenomenology of perception, this article thus proposes to disclose the main entry pointsinto a Merleau-Pontian reform of the analogy; an analogy that has to be thought against the ambiguityof the flesh that Claude Lefort inherits precisely from Merleau-Ponty. By discussing this ambiguity that«The Visible and the Invisible» is often charged with via a reading of Merleau-Ponty’s courses at theCollège de France — specifically Institution, Passivity, and Nature — this article intends to disclosethe political meaning of the concept of intercorporeity, with which the human body will no longer beunderstood as «one’s own body», but rather interpreted in a radically a-subjective way. Moreover, thisvery concept of intercorporeity specifically opens a novel way to understand the meaning of the centralconcept of the analogy of the political body itself, namely the concept of incorporation. Indeed, by followingMerleau-Ponty’s lesser known thought of the 1950’s, one can think incorporation against theclassical schema of fusion, that is to say, on the opposite, as an encounter of dispossessions, and thusas a path into a new analogy.

В ЗАЩИТУ ГАДАМЕРОВСКОГО ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ПОНИМАНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ КРИТИКИ ИДЕОЛОГИИ

Author(s): Tatiana Ttarintseva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article attempts to defend and advance the project of Gadamer’s hermeneutics of trust giventhat today the notion of understanding is inextricably tied to the view of tradition, discourse andlanguage as inevitably contaminated by ideological distortions by supplementing it with Foucault’scritical insights. The common ground between Foucault and Gadamer is that both thinkers militateagainst the notion of understanding as a process guided by universal criteria of rationality (in particularagainst Habermas’ notion of non-distorted communication) maintaining instead that individualsare inextricably embedded within a particular tradition. Foucault, we maintain, is extremelyimportant for Gadamer in that he develops a mode of critical relationship towards the tradition butprecisely understood as a dynamic within the tradition itself, renegotiating and expanding the spaceof personal freedom; this process, no doubt, being guided by engaged individual perspective andself-understanding without any recourse to an Archimedean point of view outside of any tradition.In doing so Foucault is able to provide a much needed method of immanent critique of ideologicaldistortions (potentially always present in the tradition, discourse or language) that remains faithfulto the basic tenants of Gadamer’s hermeneutic outlook. We consider a model that schematicallydemonstrates how such immanent critique can be carried out. We take Gadamer’s notion ofunderstanding as realised in an open and charitable dialogue and internalise this dialogue withina single subject taking place between two distinct perspectives: a critical Foucauldian perspectiveon the one hand, and the immediate self-undertstanding of situated subjectivity on the other. Thisinternal dialogue should enable the subject to maintain a critical distance with respect to aspects ofoneself that are a product of social practices and conditions (as demanded by critics of Gadamer),yet remaining within the space of Gadamerian dialogical understanding situated in the first-personontology.

Анонс нового перевода «Истины и метода» Х.-Г. Гадамера

Author(s): The Editorial Board HORIZON / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2012

Увод у културолошки и верски спецификум Кур’ана

Author(s): Sead Nasufović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2017

ТЕЛЕОЛОШКА РЕДУКЦИЈА КАО ХЕРМЕНУТИЧКИ ИНСТРУМЕНТ – ПРИЛОГ СОЦИОЛОШКОЈ ТЕОРИЈИ ТУМАЧЕЊА ПРАВА

Author(s): Saša B. Bovan / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2015

This paper discusses the teleological reduction, which is one of the most important forms of the objective-teleological interpretation. Then, it points out how this hermeneutic instrument by it’s nature and way of application confirms to the fullest extent the sociological nature of the teleological interpretation and sociological theory of interpretation of law, which we formulated in some earlier works. In fact, considerations about teleological reduction can serve as a convincing confirmation of hermeneutic theory that emphasizes predominant importance of the premise of the facts for understanding the nature of juristic conclusion and the proceeding of the interpretation of law. The point is that in using this means of interpretation of law, fine intertwining of the norm and facts by the logic of a single inductive reasoning becomes especially obvious. The narrowing of the meaning of a term applied in the legal norm (as well as the proceedure of interpretation of law in general) manifests itself as fulfillment of the contents of need from the legal norm, starting from the facts of the case which has found itself before the judge. The work carried out an appropriate typology of various forms of teleological reduction and proposed the corresponding model of its application.

ТУМАЧЕЊЕ ПРАВА КАО ВРЕДНОВАЊЕ НА ОСНОВУ КОНТЕКСТА – ПРИЛОГ КОНСТРУКТИВНОЈ ТЕОРИЈИ ТУМАЧЕЊА

Author(s): Saša B. Bovan / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2012

This paper is rooted in the theory of constructive interpretation of the law. The author examines contextual and axiological nature of interpretation of the law, with a particular focus on the main issues of juristic hermeneutics, i.e. the questions of nature of juristic conclusion, and of the tools of arriving to it. Concerning the ongoing dispute between the mechanical and the creative jurisprudence, this approach facilitates a consistent and convincing criticism of the conceptual jurisprudence, and of the syllogistic logic in implementation of the laws, which tends to create an image of judge as a logical machine. Contextual interpretation and axiological perspective enable the author to develop the idea of freedom as a method of juristic decision making.

Rzeczenie jako o-rzeczenie, czyli orzekanie o rzeczy. Arystotelesa pytanie o filozofię i jej rzecz

Author(s): Seweryn Blandzi / Language(s): Polish Issue: 62/2017

The author puts forward hermeneutic rethinking of Aristotle’s theory of being, freed from later mediation (Aristotle’s commentators, scholastics, modern ontology), which unwittingly still influence the original understanding of his predicative ontology. The term ‘being’ (TO on) as a nominalized form of ‘being something’ (TO eívaí TITO on) does not denote existence (or ‘the existent’), Being as object in general or the notion of Being or Being as a notion, but expresses a general truth claim of predication.The form on (‘being’), the participle of eívaí (‘to be’) belongs to speech, it is a carrier of predication, but not a straight object (res), of which (in later metaphysics) we predicate as of ‘Being’ (to on, ens). Metaphysics shifted the stress from predicativity ov, that is, from the carrier of predication onto what is predicated (subject). As a result in the Latin tradition, the function of ov is obscured a limine by the substantive and substantial understanding of what is predicated as ens.This shift of stress results in a substantivization of ov under the influence of what is predi¬cated (res). The linguistic element undergoes conflation into one with what is predicated. As a result of this reificating substantivization, the predicative Greek ov is translated into Latin as the subjective (id) quod est (‘what is’), which later is used interchangeably with ens. We could call it a transformation of the universal predicate of ‘being something’ into the universal name ‘Being’, and the most general concept.The grammatical form (to) 61/ is a linguistic exponent of predicativity, whose real designate is oůoía, that is essence or substance. In short, the predicating element is ov, the predicated - ou oía, the latter as definitional essence or individual substance (toSe tí).Aristotle does not dwell on the sense or meaning of to ov, but asks the question tito ov and answers concretely: touto eotí tię h oůoía, Being (res) is essence or substance.In this paper the author also takes up the controversial issue of Aristotle’s ‘prime’ philosophy, mostly on the basis of Metaphysics, Book VI, which continues considerations published in the paper Aristotle’s Prote Philosophia: Metaphysics, Ontology, Theology or Methodology?, “Archive of the History and Philosophy of Social Thought”, vol. 61/2016, pp. 273-286.

„Избачен из календара“: искуство и приповедање

Author(s): Violeta V. Stojmenović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

The topic of the paper is Walter Benjamin’s theory of storytelling. Understanding stories, storyteller and storytelling in terms of the historically changeable structure of experience, W. Benjamin made several hypotheses about modern crises of storytelling as a symptom of the crises of experience, caused by industrialisation, rapid urbanisation and new technologies of communication and information. In his essays, sketches and fragments, both published and posthumously discovered, he argued that the storytelling, as he understood it, is the most pertinent and complete way of expressing experiences, endangered by prevailing characteristics of modern life, such as the constant exposure to psychologically unmanageable sensations and stimulus, which could not be “translated” into experiences. As modern consciousness struggles to block shocking sensation, preventing them to leave deep and long-lasting impressions and traces in one’s memory, the ability of gaining valuable, memorable and communicable experiences decrees and gradually vanishes, so as the art of authentic storytelling as a means of community-making. Instead of stories, based on communal, transmissible, and common experiences, the subjective, individualistic, detached novel and the fragmented, decontextualized, meaningless information (in the form of the news) have occupied all the attention and awareness. In order to further clarify these and other Benjamin’s theses connected with the sociopsychological and cultural functions and significance of the lost art of storytelling, some points of Giorgio Agamben’s philosophy of language are introduced in the last part of the paper. As experience has become unavailable and inaccessible, the silence, as a means of temporal getting back in the pre-subjective, and pre-linguistic state of existence, is becoming new utopian horizon and ideal.

Interpretačné mosty

Author(s): Marek Varga / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2012

The first attempts at systematic consideration of interpretation phenomenon are associated with the dialogues of a young rhapsode Ion and Socrates. Philosophy, however, does not claim to be the only discipline interested in the art of interpretation. Other fields, including anthropology, religionistics, art and last but not least philosophy, take interest in its potential. Malleability of interpretation act varies to the extent that philosophy rests upon wisdom, anthropology upon a human being, religious studies upon the manifestation of a spirit and its environment, art upon beauty and theology upon God. However, their common denominator is always an unchangeable hermeneutic nature inherent in astonishment at comprehension. In this article I would like to outline not only the systematic structure of interpretation procedures, but also their potential and impact. Primarily, I intend to draw on the dynamics of hermeneutical acts whose power arises from subjective regard of human spirit which means we are to apply phenomenological principles. In order to clarify my starting point I will shortly mention the evolution of hermeneutics. Subsequently, I will outline the space occupied by hermeneutics and its respective tools. Then I will reveal spatial capacity of human spirit and its synaptic potential. The sharing we are to discover unawares is the basis of interpretation bridges.

CIORAN ET LA PHILOSOPHIE EXISTENTIELLE DE LEON CHESTOV

Author(s): Sándor Seres / Language(s): French Issue: Sp.Issue/2019

Cioran and the Existential Philosophy of Lev Shestov. Cioran is said to have been influenced by Pascal, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, the author of La Chute dans le temps thus enrolling in the line of existential philosophy. Much less - or not at all - is mentioned in this context Lev Shestov, who exerted a considerable influence on the intellectual environments in France, but also in Romania, in the period immediately following the First World War. Cioran considered Shestov as one of his spiritual masters, the influence of the Russian thinker being present both in his youthful writings and in those written later in France. We will try to highlight some of Shestov’s ideas which have been creatively taken over by Cioran and that can be found constantly throughout his work.

THE HEAD OF JANUS: HERMENEUTICS AND DECONSTRUCTION IN GADAMER AND DERRIDA BETWEEN AGREEMENT AND DISAGREEMENT

Author(s): Simona Venezia / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The Head of Janus: Hermeneutics and Deconstruction in Gadamer and Derrida between Agreement and Disagreement. The paper aims to discuss the complexity of the relationship between Gadamer’s Hermeneutics and Derrida’s Deconstruction in order to remove the usual opposition between these two thinkers and their philosophical perspectives. It is possible to build a collaboration against every idealistic and subjectivist foundation moving from the hermeneutic-deconstructive interaction between the concepts of identity and difference, understanding and sense, writing and reading etc. Only in this way can the so-called “improbable debate” become an “un-interrupted” dialogue: the distance ceases to be an insuperable obstacle and becomes an openness of sense.

РИТУАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ ЭМИЛЯ ДЮРКГЕЙМА В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ГЕРМЕНЕВТИКИ КУЛЬТУРЫ

Author(s): Halyna Volkova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 33/2018

Purpose of the article is to discover specific, according to the instructions of the epistemology of Durkheim, incompatible installation as an initiative, imitation incentives of the rituals, presented with a detailed description of traditions and customs, which together form the construction of the theoretical concept of this kind of explanations. A methodology is an integrated approach, which is determined by the ritual basis of cultural processes, formed by folklore genesis and conceptually covered by the interdisciplinary approach, according to the works of E. Durkheim. The scientific novelty of the work is the perspective of the concept of Durkheim from the positions of the possibilities of the hermeneutics of the culture in the cosmological generalizations of mental stereotypes in it.

Facing the Data Soliloquies – Crossing the Boundaries of Quantum Gravity Hermeneutics

Author(s): Miloš D. Đurić / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2011

In this paper we criticise the so-called Sokal’s “cultural revolution” and the so-called “science Wars,” inspired by the paper entitled Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity, written by Alan Sokal. We have shown that it is scientifically dishonest and unfair to cut and paste vastly different and divergent entries from several interdisciplinary fields and present the resulting pastiche as some sort of scientific research. In his paper, Sokal examines the implications of taking into consideration quantum gravity while analysing certain phenomena in the domain of humanities.

აგიოგრაფიის მკითხველი

Author(s): Ivane Amirkhanashvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 20/2/2019

A text does not exist without a reader. The life of a text is conditioned by communication with the reader. Communication starts before the encounter. Prior to encountering a text, the reader recognizes the authority of the text. If you do not recognize the dictatorship of the text, you fail to become a reader. Self-belief that you choose the text by yourself is wrong. The text chooses you. Hence, you do not choose, you are chosen. You are a means of reading the text, a tool to enliven the text. This means that the text imposes conditions on you. If you do not take into consideration these conditions or break the rules of communication, a literary work won’t let you come closer to it; it won’t open up, trust you. The rules of communication include the recognition of the primacy of the text – its aesthetic, ethical and poetic principles; its destination, purpose, importance. Not as you understand, but as it should be. The reader unconditionally acknowledges the authority of a text which implies the influence, effect and dictate. The reader is not permitted to go beyond the limits of the law of genre but he is allowed to enter the narrative, to become a participant in narrative events, to put oneself in the place of a character. The reader should enter the text as a hotel room, where everything belongs to you, but not your property. While you are in the text, the nuances are all yours, exist for you, serve you, but you know that you don’t have to change anything, alter, remove or throw away. The reader feels that his will and perception are secondary. The author’s will is not primary either. The primacy belongs to the law, the law of the genre. A good reader is the one who follows the author and knows what the law is. A literary work is not created just only by the author and the law. It is also created by the time, history and culture.

Hermeneutika a jej edukačné presahy v období postmoderny

Author(s): Jozef Leščinský / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4A/2017

Hermeneutics as a science of interpretation answers the search and uncovering of the sense of philosophical, religious and literary texts, kind of social language in philosophy. Current hermeneutics resembles a decoding mechanism – discovering the mysterious sense in psychological, economical, and linguistic sciences. It interposes the sense of a certain message, it is inevitable for interpretation of the message of Bible and its educational overhangs into multidisciplinary dimension.

К ЮБИЛЕЮ Х.-Г. ГАДАМЕРА (1900) И ЕГО OPUS MAGNUM «ИСТИНА И МЕТОД» (1960)

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

TO ANNIVERSARY OF H.-G. GADAMER (1900) AND HIS OPUS MAGNUM “TRUTH AND METHOD” (1960)

КРИТИКА ИДЕОЛОГИИ В ГЕРМЕНЕВТИКЕ ГАДАМЕРА И КРИТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ ХАБЕРМАСА

Author(s): Andrei Laurukhin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

The subject of this article is the debate of Gadamer and Habermas about the nature of critical thinking,the relationship between freedom and authority, the individual and traditions, documented in the book Hermeneutics and Criticism of Ideology (1971). Central to the author is the question: “What understanding of critical thinking would allow us to gain a higher degree of resistance to ideology?”The author consistently solves several problems. First, the author clarifies the meaning and significance of the key concepts of “ideology” and “criticism” in the critical theory of Frankfurt School and philosophical hermeneutics. Thanks to these explanations, becomes clear the basis for the possibility of a productive polemic between philosophical hermeneutics and critical theory. Secondly, in the analysis of the main lines of criticism by Habermas against the hermeneutical project of Gadamer, the author explicates the strengths and weaknesses in the argumentation of the opposing parties. The focus here is the problem of the relationship of critical reflection with prejudice, authority and tradition, the problem of theoretical maturity and methodological support of hermeneutics, the problem of forming abasic consensus of understanding and interaction. Based on a comparative analysis of the arguments and counterarguments of Gadamer and Habermas, the author shows the non-trivial nature of critical thinking and reveals new aspects in understanding the concept of criticism of ideology. The result of the comparative analysis is the idea of an integrative concept of ideology criticism, which allows productive use of the strengths of the critical and hermeneutic approaches, and thereby provide a higher resistance to ideology at the collective and individual levels.

ПЕРВОЕ РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЕ: ВВЕДЕНИЕ. О ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ АНАЛИЗЕ КАК ДВИЖЕНИИ ЗИГЗАГОМ

Author(s): Marc Richir / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

This is a Russian translation of the first of Phenomenological Meditations of Marc Richir. The text consists of two sections. In the first section, Richir develops Husserl’s remark on “movement in a zigzag pattern” and makes a distinction between the logical structure of phenomenology and the symbolic systems of the German idealism. The sphere of the phenomenological is not given from the very beginning;phenomena have essential indeterminacy which cannot be clarified in “one go.” In the second section, Richir analyses the distinction between the symbolic and phenomenological layers of sense,and offers a new version of phenomenological hermeneutics.

Okružja svjedočenja

Author(s): Manca Erzetič / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2020

Čovjekova sposobnost posvjedočenja moguća je i dosljedna tek kada udovolji ulozi posvjedočenja kao načina opstanka. Posvjedočenje poznaje više modusa što ih je, s literarne točke motrišta, najlakše odrediti kao kontekste. No posvjedočenje pokazuje da nije svaki modus određen kontekstom, nego da može biti i bez konteksta, jer se vezuje uz smisao, a ne uz kontekst. Budući da smo svjedoka odredili kao člana sklopa svjedočenja, postavlja nam se pitanje možemo li za svjedoka još reći da spada u neki kontekst.

A megértés tapasztalata

Author(s): Károly Veress / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3-4/2006

This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic inquiry on the central problem of contemporary philosophical hermeneutics, the question of understanding. The strain of thoughts starts by the critique of the methodological concept of understanding, as it was worked out in romantic hermeneutics and in social sciences. This is proceeded by a touch upon the approach of fundamental ontology, the Heideggerian concept of existential understanding. The study continues with a detailed exposition of the hermeneutical understanding-concept. This incorporates the scaling of hermeneutical experience as the nexus of negativity, openness, finitude and historicity, the connections of the hermeneutical situation and horizon, the development of the anticipatory- and question-structure of this experience. The study concludes with the presentation of understanding as a process of the tradition of questioning.