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Unaussprechbares zur Sprache bringen – Jaap Robbens ,,Birk'' (2014) und Lutz Seilers ,,Kruso'' (2014)

Author(s): Roswitha Dickens / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2021

Jaap Robben’s ‘Birk’ (2014) and Lutz Seiler’s ‘Kruso’ (2014) are both island novels that thematize the traumatic loss of a beloved person. The protagonists witnessed the event, but are suffering from their loss whist being unable to articulate what happened. Although the contexts in the novels differ, – ‘Birk’ takes place at an undefined time and place; the scene in ‘Kruso’ is Hiddensee, in the GDR, a place where dropouts could experience a bit of freedom – they both portray the process of expressing a traumatic experience. This article describes how exactly they realize this through the use of language, images and narrative. At first the article discusses precisely which kind the trauma the protagonists are suffering and how they initially deal with it. Moreover it shows how the reader uncovers this step by step. Secondly, the article emphasizes the different ways of dealing with the situation, as well as the role and development of social relationships through it: in ‘Birk’ this emerges as an incestuous relationship between mother and son, and in ‘Kruso’ the protagonist cares for the memory of GDR-refugees.

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Das Sampling als Erzählverfahren und Sonderform der Intertextualität in Thomas Meineckes Roman ,,Selbst'' (2016)

Author(s): Maria Irod / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2021

The present paper examines the innovative narrative strategies and forms of intertextuality in the novel ''Selbst''(2016) by Suhrkamp pop author Thomas Meinecke. After briefly presenting the plot, the character interactions and narrative perspectives in the novel, it focuses on the literary technique described by previous research as sampling. Based on the close reading of a relevant passage in the novel the paper argues that the way Meinecke employs sampling is not only indebted to his belonging to the DJ-culture and the use of techniques like remixing and scratching but also induced by the need to provide theoretical foundation for the process of archiving contemporary discourses. Pointing at the way the main characters read and interpret the texts quoted in the novel and then use the results as a criterion for choosing what to read next, the article suggests an analogy between Meinecke ́s literary sampling and theoretical sampling as a method in qualitative research. Thus the originality of Meinecke's writing resides in his creating a new hybrid genre (termed here as theoretical sampling fiction) which activates the reader ́s critical capacities in order to compensate for the scarcity of the plot.

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Funktionen des Erzählers im letzten Roman von Christa Wolf „Stadt der Engel oder The Overcoat of Dr. Freud”

Author(s): Juris Kastins / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2021

Functions of the narrator in the last novel by Christa Wolf “City of Angels or The Overcoat of Dr. Freud” The text analyzes the narrative function of Christa Wolf’s recent novel ''The City of Angels or Overcoat of Dr. Freud'' (2010). The narrator’s dominance in the novel is “I”, but it is not the only form of actant. The novel is a peculiar synthesis of narrative and descriptive text, corresponding respectively to two narrative forms and forming a peculiar symbiosis. The term “actant” is used in the text as a literary figure in the interpretation of scientists Algirdis Julien Greimas and Vladimir Propp without any semiotic characterization. The text is described as factual and fictitious, and accordingly forms a complex narrative structure corresponding to the functions used by the “I” and “You” narrators: biographical reminiscences correspond to the “I” narrator function, while the “You” narrator functions manage text related to internal monologue. Such an actant mutation is seen as a change in the position of the “I”-messenger. The “I” becomes the “You” and the “You” becomes the “I” again – this is the narrative structure of Christa Wolf’s self-analysis.

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THE IMAGE OF THE “COMFORT WOMAN”. A FICTIONAL DEPICTION IN THE KOREAN AMERICAN NOVEL AND THE KOREAN GRAPHIC NOVEL

THE IMAGE OF THE “COMFORT WOMAN”. A FICTIONAL DEPICTION IN THE KOREAN AMERICAN NOVEL AND THE KOREAN GRAPHIC NOVEL

Author(s): Marian Suciu / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

During the entirety of the occupation of Korea by Japan, the colonized suffered deeply, after 1937 things became worse, as the Japanese “recruited” Korean girls and women for the so-called comfort stations where they had to serve as prostitutes for the Japanese soldiers and officers. As recently more and more novels depict this topic, the current research will focus on two important works that describe the Korean “comfort women”. On one side, we will emphasize the brutality and violence from the novel White Chrysanthemum that presents, in great detail, the experience of Hana as a “comfort woman”, while the graphic novel Grass will underline the censored but accurate representation of the same experience, as it is intended for a younger generation.

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MANUEL MUÑOZ’S EXPERIMENTAL NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES IN “EVERYTHING THE WHITE BOY TOLD YOU”

MANUEL MUÑOZ’S EXPERIMENTAL NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES IN “EVERYTHING THE WHITE BOY TOLD YOU”

Author(s): Daniel Nedelcu / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

At the intersection of many identities, postcolonial writers, as is the case of Chicano/as, have had to push the boundaries of traditional narrative techniques in order to portray new, unique situations and experiences. Manuel Muñoz experiments with narrator, perspective and voice in his 2003 short story collection Zigzagger. In the story “Everything the White Boy Told You”, he builds a chimera collective narrator, which weaves multiple narrative levels by switching between 1st, 2nd and 3rd voices, between being heterodiegetic and homodiegetic, and ends up incorporating the main character in its collective ego. This allows Muñoz to build individual characters which are at the same time collective and archetypal, while distributing the responsibility of representation from the subject to its communities. The narrative techniques ensure immersion and cognitive involvement which leads to empathy and understanding, or at the very least to the questioning of the reader’s intersubjectivity.

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HYPERREALITY AND IDENTITY IN POSTMODERN LITERATURE: A CASE STUDY OF DON DELILLO’S WHITE NOISE

HYPERREALITY AND IDENTITY IN POSTMODERN LITERATURE: A CASE STUDY OF DON DELILLO’S WHITE NOISE

Author(s): Saif Ali Abbas Jumaah / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

In this research, the controversial relationship between hyper-realism and identity in post-modern literature is revealed by a deep dive into the depths of Don DeLillo’s novel White Noise. In the footsteps of Jean Boudriar's thought, the novel is transported into a scene where media and simulation weave artificial factual threads, in which identities, individually or collectively, form into worlds filled with false symbols and perceptions. Through the lens of criticism, DeLillo visualizes a media-led world, portraying lost figures in a space that lost its first purity, where identity resonates only with abysmal cultural and technological forces. Through the lens of analysis, the research follows the narrative and symbolic techniques created by DeLillo, in order to reveal before us the vision of the novel challenging the known reality, asking the ephemeral question: Is it true that it is in a simulated world? In conclusion, white noise manifests itself as a literary icon that captures the fluctuating consciousness of the post-modern era, and puts the cultural narratives formulated by the forces of media and technology into accountability, offering us a mirror in which we see new reflections on the essence of identity and the tales of modern man.

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WH-QUESTIONS IN IRAQI DIALECTS AND ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SYNTAX

WH-QUESTIONS IN IRAQI DIALECTS AND ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SYNTAX

Author(s): Sohaib Mahmood Khudhur / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

This research will focus on the grammatical structures of Wh-questions in Iraqi Arabic and English, taking the theory of generative grammar as a frame of reference. It seeks to determine how these grammatical structures are formed in both languages, underlining their similarities and differences, thereby contributing to expanding knowledge about general grammar and linguistic comparison. Data were collected directly from interviews with native Iraqi Arabic and English speakers, further supported by the analysis of some linguistic texts. Results proved that the two languages share a set of universal grammatical principles yet differ in several aspects, such as question marks, word order, flexibility, and the position of the Wh-phrase within the sentence. These findings underline that the observed divergences between these cognate languages do not represent differences regarding their grammatical system but touch upon cultural and contextual concomitants of each language variety. Such results bring empirical contributions to comparative linguistics for elaborating foreign language teaching methods by addressing a particular language's grammatical and cultural aspects in this world of languages.

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The Limits of Philological Reading – Some Observations on the Internal Limits in The Humanities
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The Limits of Philological Reading – Some Observations on the Internal Limits in The Humanities

Author(s): Ivan Popov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

The article deals with the problem of the boundaries in contemporary humanities – if “everything is a text” and the process of assimilation and interpretation of new meanings is fundamentally open and infinite, then do we have any grounds to distinguish between different kinds of understanding of the cultural phenomena surrounding us? The central thesis of the article is that precisely those claims that are theoretical in nature should be read and discussed in a way that is alien to the philological perspective. However, this is not necessarily a problem – the internal heterogeneity of humanitarian thinking may be an advantage considering the point of development reached in the “camp” of the natural sciences.

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Прекосявайки с Хегел зоните на късносъветската (анти)утопия
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Прекосявайки с Хегел зоните на късносъветската (анти)утопия

Author(s): Vladimir Sabourin / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

During the late Soviet era, science fiction was one of the first zones of its ideological cosmos, registering the exhaustion of the communist utopia precisely within the literary genre aimed at its representation. In this articleI consider the history of the “editing to death” of the Strugatsky brothers’ shortnovel Roadside Picnic as a representative case of the anti-utopian “uneasiness incivilization” of late actually existing socialism. Simultaneously with the censorshiptaming of the uneasiness, the Strugatsky’s science fiction dystopia underwent aradical interpretation in Andrei Tarkovsky’s film adaptation Stalker as a Hegelian“good music with text”. In comparison to the censored edition, which is barely a timid emendation, ultimately yearning modestly for a good life during the most consumeristic and moderately repressive years of Soviet power, Tarkovsky’ s aesthetically singular re-reading is truly a “Zone” of editing to death.

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ИЗ ЗАПАДНОСЛАВЯНСКАТА ДИАЛЕКТНА ЕТИМОЛОГИЯ (СЛОВАШ. ДИАЛ. PREFENDOVAT’, PREFENTOVAT’, ЧЕШ. ДИАЛ. PROFENTOVAT’ И ДР.): ЗА ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕТО НА Т.НАР. КОМПЛЕКСНА СИТУАЦИЯ В ЕТИМОЛОГИЧНАТА ПРАКТИКА

ИЗ ЗАПАДНОСЛАВЯНСКАТА ДИАЛЕКТНА ЕТИМОЛОГИЯ (СЛОВАШ. ДИАЛ. PREFENDOVAT’, PREFENTOVAT’, ЧЕШ. ДИАЛ. PROFENTOVAT’ И ДР.): ЗА ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕТО НА Т.НАР. КОМПЛЕКСНА СИТУАЦИЯ В ЕТИМОЛОГИЧНАТА ПРАКТИКА

Author(s): Ľubor Králik / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The author discusses the origin of some Slovak and Czech dialectal verbs. In his opinion, Slovak dial. prefendovať, prefentovať, prefendývať ‘to reproach, express disapproval of, criticize; to draw attention to, remind; to repeat (something already said) before others, spread an information’, profentovať, profendovať ‘to speak a lot; to repeat; to speculate, philosophize; to answer back sharply, rudely’ can be traced back to an original *profetovať as a loanword from Latin prophētāre (literally, ‘to act as a prophet’). Тhe manifold semantics of the Slovak dialectisms seem to reflect the various aspects of the image (or the complex situation) of a prophet as documented in the Old Testament. The phonetically similar Czech dial. profentiť, profentovať ‘to make oneself prominent, more important’, profentýrovať sa ‘to show off, flaunt’ may be derived (while supposing a syncope profent- < proferent-) from an unattested noun *proferent ‘a person who shows off’ (cf. also Czech dial. proferentiť sa ‘to show off, flaunt’), from Latin sē prōferre ‘to raise one’s self, show one’s self, appear’, part. praes. act. sē prōferēns.

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ЗА ЕДИН ТИП ВОКАЛНИ ОТНОШЕНИЯ В РУСКИ ГЛАГОЛНО-ИМЕННИ ОБРАЗУВАНИЯ

ЗА ЕДИН ТИП ВОКАЛНИ ОТНОШЕНИЯ В РУСКИ ГЛАГОЛНО-ИМЕННИ ОБРАЗУВАНИЯ

Author(s): L. V. Kurkina / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

A special type of vocalic relations, unique to Russian, has developed in a small fragment of the lexicon including verbs such as *myti ‘to wash’, *kryti ‘to cover’, *nyti ‘to whine’: an infinitive with a lengthened root vowel which correlates with the vowel in the Present-tense stem (мою ‘I wash’, крою ‘I cover’, ною ‘I whine’, etc.). This vocalism is preserved in derivatives such as pl. помои ‘slop’, заноить ‘to bemoan; to beg’, etc. In the scholarly literature these relations are often erroneously equated to the derivation involving the alternation e : o observed in *biti ‘to beat’ : *bojь ‘battle’, *gniti ‘to rot’ : *gnojь ‘pus’. Most authors do not take into account the fact that the difference in the root vocalism of the studied verbs stems from a reflex of the ultrashort reduced vowels in a position before -j, which is unique to Russian. The author corroborates these findings by analysing Russian dialect words such as закрóй ‘window shutter’, тоúть(ся) ‘to get fat’, затрóи pl. ‘fun, joke, design, intention’, плóйма ‘a large amount of something’, кой, коёк ‘a wooden hammer; a type of staff’, etc., which illustrate the same type of vocalic relations.

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ЗА ПРОИЗХОДА И ЗНАЧЕНИЕТО НА ТРИ СТАРИННИ СЕЛИЩНИ ИМЕНА В БЪЛГАРИЯ

ЗА ПРОИЗХОДА И ЗНАЧЕНИЕТО НА ТРИ СТАРИННИ СЕЛИЩНИ ИМЕНА В БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Maya Vlahova-Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article addresses the etymology and significance of three ancient Bulgarian settle-ment names. One of the toponyms has yet to be the subject of onomastic research (Babuk), while the other two have been previously studied (Alino, Berievo). The availa-ble data on the settlement history have been examined, and the currently available ancient records of the settlement names from various sources have been extracted. Based on these, the author presents their view of the origin and meaning of the first name. As for the other two toponyms, a reconsideration is offered of the hypotheses previously stated in the scientific literature about their origin and meaning, citing new data in support of a given view.

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КЪМ ЕТИМОЛОГИЯТА НА ЕДИН БЪЛГАРСКИ ДИАЛЕКТИЗЪМ (БЪЛГ. ДИАЛ. НАСУ̀НЕ КАТО ПРОИЗВОДНО ОТ ПРАСЛАВ. *SUPTI, *SЪPǪ ‘СИПЯ’)

КЪМ ЕТИМОЛОГИЯТА НА ЕДИН БЪЛГАРСКИ ДИАЛЕКТИЗЪМ (БЪЛГ. ДИАЛ. НАСУ̀НЕ КАТО ПРОИЗВОДНО ОТ ПРАСЛАВ. *SUPTI, *SЪPǪ ‘СИПЯ’)

Author(s): Žana Ž. Varbot / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

In the absence of immediate descendants of the Proto-Slavic *supti, *sъpǫ ‘сипя’ (‘pour, strew’) in Bulgarian, the verb’s derivatives are essential for the reconstruction of the Proto-Slavic lexical stock. The article proposes an etymological interpretation of the dialect verb насу̀не ‘(of flies) lay eggs in or on meat, fish’ < *nasupnǫti as a derivative of the Proto-Slavic *supti, *sъpǫ ‘pour, strew’.

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ОСНОВНИ СТАНДАРТИ ЗА ПРАКТИЧЕСКО ОФОРМЯНЕ НА ФИЛМОВ ПРЕВОД СЪС СУБТИТРИ

ОСНОВНИ СТАНДАРТИ ЗА ПРАКТИЧЕСКО ОФОРМЯНЕ НА ФИЛМОВ ПРЕВОД СЪС СУБТИТРИ

Author(s): Angel Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

This paper addresses the challenges of film translation, particularly subtitle translation, which is widely used in Bulgaria not only in cinema and television but also increasingly on the internet. Drawing on various studies and the author’s own observations, the article provides a systematic overview of the main standards for the practical formatting of subtitles. This discussion is relevant both for academics and translators and for non-specialists involved in film translation.

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ЗА НЯКОИ НЕСКЛОНЯЕМИ ЧАСТИ НА СЛОВОТО В ДИАЛЕКТОЛОЖКИ ОПИСАНИЯ ОТ ТРЕТАТА ЧЕТВЪРТ НА ХІХ ВЕК

ЗА НЯКОИ НЕСКЛОНЯЕМИ ЧАСТИ НА СЛОВОТО В ДИАЛЕКТОЛОЖКИ ОПИСАНИЯ ОТ ТРЕТАТА ЧЕТВЪРТ НА ХІХ ВЕК

Author(s): Maria Mitskova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

Bulgarian dialectological studies, which emerged as a distinct field of philological research in the second and third quarters of the 19th century, focused not only on Bulgarian dialect phonetics but also on various aspects of dialect morphology. Alongside major issues in nominal and verbal morphology shaped by historical changes in the language, Bulgarian National Revival-era writers, who collected and studied sources for the living Bulgarian language and its dialects, were also interested in exploring non-inflecting parts of speech. While dialectal prepositions, conjunctions, particles and interjections were rarely the focus of research, a number of publications addressed specific aspects of their functioning in the dialects they described.

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Синтактико-семантични условия за (не)реализиране на характеристиката pluralia tantum при някои глаголи

Синтактико-семантични условия за (не)реализиране на характеристиката pluralia tantum при някои глаголи

Author(s): Petya Osenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2025

This paper examines the conditions under which typically plural verbs are used in singu-lar. Emphasis is placed on the features of the person-referring subject that trigger the depluralisation of the predicate. The observations and example excerpts are based on a large corpus of Bulgarian. The five most frequent verbs with the polyprefix complexes изпона-, изпо- and наиз- have been selected. The study concludes that the main type of subject requiring singular agreement with the predicate expresses semantic “collectivity” and is typically in the 3rd person, singular. However, there are also cases of figurative uses, as well as instances in the 1st person, singular.

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За езиковата форма на многокомпонентните термини словосъчетания

За езиковата форма на многокомпонентните термини словосъчетания

Author(s): Kristiyana Simeonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2025

The number of multiword terms across various fields of knowledge has significantly increased, drawing greater attention from terminologists regarding their linguistic form. The high frequency of use of these terms is primarily due to their ability to clearly, accurately and comprehensively reflect all aspects and characteristics of concepts and phenomena. In the case of multiword terms, a remarkable variety of formal-structural models can be observed. The article provides numerous examples to illustrate this. The conclusions drawn are twofold. First, in many fields of knowledge, the use of single-word terms is declining, while the prominence of multiword terminology is on the rise. Second, the length of these terms can complicate communication, leading to sentences that are excessively long and unclear. However, abbreviations should be used with caution as they may compromise the completeness of the information. Many experts advocate for the adoption of abbreviated forms, arguing that this is justified from the perspective of communicative convenience. This raises the question: where lies the balance, and is it possible to find it?

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Всеки сам си преценя … дали да се променя

Всеки сам си преценя … дали да се променя

Author(s): Ruska Stancheva,Zhaneta Zlateva,Alexander Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2025

This paper discusses the morphological variability of secondary imperfective verbs formed with the suffixes -’а or -’ава. The focus is on how this variability is perceived by the language community, both from the perspective of codification approaches and language attitudes.

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Конструкции с двойно маркиране на определеност в българския език

Конструкции с двойно маркиране на определеност в българския език

Author(s): Krasimira Hadzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2025

In many languages worldwide, some of the most typical and frequently used specific determiners (i.e. markers of definiteness) are the definite article and the demonstrative pronoun this. Typologically, Bulgarian also falls into this category. These two determiners often compete with and mutually exclude each other in both situational and textual deixis as they convey similar meanings. This overlap arises from the fact that the mod-ern Bulgarian definite article is derived from an old demonstrative pronoun. Despite the prohibition on the co-occurrence of two semantically similar determiners within a single noun phrase, Bulgarians frequently use constructions that include both the definite article and the demonstrative pronoun – referred to as constructions with double-marked definiteness. The analysis reveals that these constructions are specific cases in which the determiners do not indicate coreference between an unfamiliar and a familiar object. Instead, they refer to an already familiar object. The inclusion of both deter-miners serves a communicative purpose, with speakers deliberately using them to draw the listener’s attention, emphasise, provide emotional evaluation or intensify a quality or emotion.

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Формите за повелително наклонение и тяхната кодификация

Формите за повелително наклонение и тяхната кодификация

Author(s): Iliyana Stoilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2025

The paper examines the forms of the imperative mood according to the principles of normative grammar, which allows for the description of their grammatical and normative features. The focus of the study is on the structural characteristics of these forms and the normative features associated with them. The fluctuations along the axis of literary – colloquial – non-literary language, as well as their reflection in the codification of norms in standard Bulgarian, are also explored.

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