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The first Polish language edition of selected fragments of the diary by Alexander Koshetz – world-famous Ukrainian musician, for a long time forbidden in his native country, where he was not allowed to return since he and his ensemble toured Europe and the Americas.
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The first Polish language edition of selected fragments of the diary by Alexander Koshetz – world-famous Ukrainian musician, for a long time forbidden in his native country, where he was not allowed to return since he and his ensemble toured Europe and the Americas.
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Effective care of patients requires profound and special knowledge about the patient, competence and commitment of the doctor and a solid bond of trust between them. Despite the many socio-cultural and professional factors that candivide doctors and patients and the impact of political and economic pressure on all health care, effective medical practice with careful listening and empathic attention must replace this hurried and impersonal one. Among many responses and countermeasures for the failure of the modern healthcare system is the professional Narrative Medicine program, developed at the New York Columbia University in 2000. The main aim of this paper is to present the genesis and development of narrative medicine in Sweden and to use its assumptions in clinical practice, both from the holistic perspective of the family doctor in the clinic and the clinician in the hospital ward. The author will also mention briefly the use of narrative methods and medical humanities in the education of medical faculty students in Sweden.
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The article is a reflection on the use of elements of narrative medicine in midwifery. It presents fragments of perinatal narratives in various types of texts (also in belles-lettres) which can be used by women experiencing difficulties related to the pregnancy and childbirth and are a great material in the teaching of midwifery adepts. The article also describes the value of narrative medicine in relation to the work of midwives.
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A purpose of the thesis is to pay attention to the value of diaries and memoirs of disabled women in understanding the personal and sociocultural complexity of their situation. The objects of the analysis were contents of the memoirs of Polish authors from two last decades and collections of works being outcome of competitions for diaries of disabled persons. Narration included in the analyzed materials of disability, similarly to the narration of illness defined by Rita Charon, is very important for representatives of these professions for which mission to help other people is inherent. Introducing personal experiences of disabled women allows us to identify their health problems and needs, as well as to plan the holistic care, providing such people with worthy and satisfying life.
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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate a new publication type based on narratives and the backdrop for its development, as well as its importance in the context of both medical education and doctors’ formative process. First, the significance of narrative in human life and the development of narrative studies in the humanities will be discussed. A narrative character of the very profession of medicine will be emphasised as well. Finally, fragments of particular narrative-based publications will be presented, especially in the context of the subjective presentation of patient’s or doctor’s experience, which will be aimed at illustrating how this complement of the perspective may be used in medical education as well as in doctor’s professional development, e.g. through emphasising the importance of the patient’s role.
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This paper aims at showing a study on how doctors and patients negotiate meaning through interaction, concentrating on the role of narrative in the medical encounter. This paper complements more recent approaches to narrative analysis, within implementing the concept of politeness framework to analyze the relationship between doctor elicitations and patient narratives. The study also examines the clinical approach of Narrative Medicine (MN), which proposes patients the “space” in which to create their narratives, to create an interdisciplinary lens for investigating data. The main results show that both patients and doctors try to create narrative coherence. The analysis reveals how the frame of developing narrative coherence presents insights into the interactional narratives as they are co-constructed by participants. This study shows how politeness and NM add to the perception of doctor-patient interaction. Generally, the examination suggestst hat narrative plays an essential part in forming relevant meanings in medical interactions between the doctor and the patient.
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Eve Ensler is an American writer, the authoress of famous The Vagina Monologues, a feminist, the founder of a global activist movement to end violence against women and girls (V-Day). This article is devoted to interpretation of a memoir book by Ensler written after the cancer experience. Ensler writes simultaneously about physiological and philosophical side of cancer. She doesn’t avoid naturalistic descriptions of her own body, but she appreciates her condition. Ensler writes her patography as a person “intoxicated by illness”, according to Anatole Broyard’s words. The meaning of a cancer disease is formed on several levels. For example, the metaphor is most important for language. Ensler uses (or abuses) metaphors against warnings by Susan Sontag. The authoress is also trying to connect her own disease with the suffering of the world. Thus, the book turns into a political and social manifesto.
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The article analyzes the work of Leo Lipski, who is known to have suffered speech disorders of a neurological background, from the perspective of speech therapy. As a context, which is crucial to understand the writer’s disease, the history of aphasic studies has been presented. The authoress also refers to Chris Eagle’s Dysfluencies. On Speech Disorders in Modern Literature (2013), a study on speech disorders in the literature of Western Modernism. The symptoms of Lipski’s disease – recorded in memoirs, audiovisual recordings and his literary works – have been discussed in the light of contemporary knowledge about various kinds of aphasic disorders. In the next part of the article, the authoress has tried to relate the particularity and uniqueness of Lipski’s literary work to his health disorders, and asked the question how the experience of suffering from neurological diseases is represented in his prose and how it becomes a subject thereof. Finally, the attention is drawn to the way in which speech therapy knowledge could be used as a tool for literary studies in general.
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The aim of the article is to present Sándor Ferenczi’s Clinical Diary written in 1932. Thanks to a close reading of his journal and Ferenczi’s other life-writing materials, especially correspondence with Sigmund Freud and Georg Groddeck, the authoress examines a concept of “mutual analysis” (“mutuelle Analyse”), which affected and changed a psychoanalytic theory and practice before the outbreak of the Second World War. In this article, the context of the emergence and development of psychoanalysis in Hungary has been evoked, in order to bring closer the figure of Freud’s most brilliant disciple, still little known in Poland. The author analyses Ferenczi’s relations with Freud in attempt to re-enact the development of his own theory – a pathway that brought him to the deconstruction of Freud’s psychoanalysis.
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The aim of this article is to outline a theory of persuasion, which is an important part of rhetoric. The Author concentrates in the first part on Aristotle’s, Cicero’s and Quintilianus’ criteria. In the second part there are several examples which illustrate the mentioned recommendations.
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Heraclitus’ The Homeric Allegories (Ὁμηρικὰ προβλήματα εἰς ἃ περὶ θεῶν Ὅμηρος ἠλληγόρησεν, Allegoriae Homericae) are the only apology of Homer and his poetry, which has survived to the present. Heraclitus’ aim was to convince readers that Homer, despite philosophers’ numerous accusations, was not a godless person and that his allegedly sacrilegious passages should be read as an allegory. Despite the fact that the Homer’s poems were widely commented by grammatists, Heraclitus was far beyond this practice not only thanks to his precise, non-Atticising style, but also the rhetorical and persuasive character of his treatise. This is especially visible in the treatise’s introduction and in the conclusion, which are closely related. Heraclitus’ oeuvre is an extraordinary work – the exemplary apology, in which the author demonstrated his rhetorical expertise as well as erudition. Heraclitus refutes the accusations of the Homer’s opponents and attacks two of them, Plato and Epicurus. He accuses them of immorality and stupidity. It is difficult to determine to whom the author addressed his work. However, its persuasive character suggests that the author might have desired to reach the widest possible audience of well-educated Greeks.
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Referring to Plato’s dialogues, this text presents how the author’s authority influences the strength of persuasion. The matter is discussed from different perspectives: the authority of Socrates as the master-philosopher, the maieutic method as a process of a “deprivation” of authority, and the way Plato presented selected persons in his dialogues before he cited their words.
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This article contains an analysis and interpretation of a way how a narration is composed in Plato’s Cratylos. The main emphasis is put both on the personality of Socrates’ interlocutors and on their role in dramatic action – especially; on Socrates’ use of irony and on how he manipulates his interlocutors by leading a particular game of appearances as well as discrediting common; false opinions on the theme and its authorities.
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This article considers the instruments of argumentation in Cicero’s speech Pro Quinto Roscio Comoedo based on the rhetorical triad: ethos; pathos and logos. The speech relates to the suit arising from a partnership formed by the famous Roman actor Quintus Roscius and Fannius Cherea. The first device; ethos; is responsible for evoking a favourable reaction in the audience. Cicero draws arguments in this domain from the history of the partnership and Roscius’ character. He shows Roscius as a righteous man; who is worthy of confidence; in contrast to Fannius; who is portrayed as an ugly creature. The second sphere; logos; covers logical means of persuasion: argumenta ad rem; argumenta ad hominem; argumenta e contrario; and subiectiones or syllogisms. These rhetorical instruments influence the minds of listeners in compliance with the demands of logos. The third element; pathos; is used in Cicero’s speech in defence of Roscius to a small extent. The essay examines one more rhetorical device; eikos; which means verisimilar or befitting. This device introduces into the speech significant details that work on several levels to enhance its credibility and emotional impact.
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The fact that in the Commentarii de bello Gallico the Gauls themselves pronounce certain opinions and reflections on their own way of acting is by no means meant by Caesar to provide their self-portrait, but is yet another persuasive strategy used in order to prove his case before his Roman audience. Critognatus’ speech is of key significance in constucting the ideological message in Book 7 of Commentarii de bello Gallico. 52 B.C. marks a critical moment in Caesar’s conquest of Gaul, which united its forces under Vercingetorix in an effort to liberate Gaul from the Romans. The point Caesar attempts to make in Commentarii is that the source of the Gauls’ military success lies in their effective adoption and wide-scale implementation of Roman paradigms of war: key elements of Roman warcraft, such as engineering works, as well as the Roman concept of virtus, which involved perseverance in enduring adversities rather than impulsive attacking the enemy typical of the Gauls. Yet, the plan designed by Critognatus to maintain the besieged Alesia awaiting relief forces was utterly barbarian and, what was more, patterned on their ancestors (maiores): namely, cannibalism, described by Caesar as “extraordinary and nefarious cruelty” (singularis ac nefaria crudelitas). Thus Critognatus’ speech should leave no doubt that the Gauls’ adopting the Roman paradigms, as presented in Book 7 of Commentarii, is only superficial. Helpful in fulfilling their immediate aims, the Roman civilization did not in fact affect the Gauls’ genuine nature. Caesar’s intention was to provide Critognatus’s speech as undeniable evidence that the conquest of Gaul, which he had pursued for six years and which was contested by his political enemies in Rome, was not only bellum iustum, but also Rome’s civilizing mission and moral duty (fas).
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The role of emotions and feelings is still among the most popular themes in modern discussions. Emotional persuasion was well known in ancient times. Ambiguous statements; facial expression and gesticulation were important factors in personal contact. The article describes some passages from ancient historiography which refer to emotional persuasion; its role and results.
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The study presents a look at the practice of a Polish theatre in the first decades of the 21st century in a perspective of classical rhetoric as a research tradition. It includes also an analysis of two important Polish theatrical performances: Oedipus Rex (directed by Jan Klata; premiered on 17th October 2013 in The Narodowy Stary Teatr im. Heleny Modrzejewskiej in Krakow) and Oresteia by Iannis Xenakis (directed by Michał Zadara; premiered on 14th March 2010 in The Teatr Wielki – Opera Narodowa in Warsaw). The analysis searches for performative examples of modern staging of Greek antiquity with reference to the fact that tragic experience is regarded as a kind of aesthetic experience. Researchers and authors associate the persuasive character of a Greek tragedy staged in a post-dramatic theatre with a katharsis category and reference to Aristotle’s authority. A prime conviction is that an persuasive effectiveness of the Greek tragedy is gained thanks to a theatre articulation and understanding of anagnorisis category. The mentioned performances are examples of persuasive action which is concentrated on action effectiveness. The main emphasis within the analysis is on an attempt to outline persuasive methods which are used in performing pragmatics of a modern theatre for realizing the persuasive specificity of an ancient tragedy. The performances discussed here are based on new strategies of dramatization of the classics; such as rewriting; adaptation; devising; recycling and sampling; which are used by directors. This article describes methods of space creation in a modern theatre under the strict rules which leads back to the tradition of the scène à l’italienne and use of non-theatre space; where the rules in comparison to the Greek theatre are completely different. Furthermore; this article is an attempt to outline the participation of a modern spectator in both performances as well as to show evidence of theatrical criticism and a particular document – a protocol of memories.
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The aim of the article was to study the lifestyle of Orphics in the Roman period from 1 BC to 4 AD. This question was examined in four aspects; i.e. eating habits; dress code; sexual relations and attitude to law. The ancient authors pointed out that eating meat was forbidden to Orphics. The prohibition of anthropophagy was connected with Orpheus at the time. These prohibitions were explained not only by religious but also by health reasons. Orphics were obliged to wear linen clothes (also in a ritual situation). It is impossible to determine exactly how Orphics perceived women; sexual relations and marriage. Orpheus himself presented two different attitudes in this respect. Some sources also indicate that the Orphics respected peace; justice and human and divine rights. Apparently; they stood out in this way against the background of the whole Greek society.
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The Department of Classical Philology at the University of Silesia in Katowice was established in 1991; but the beginning of its teaching and academic activity is dated to 1992. Professor Stefan Zabłocki was a founder and the first director of the department. His efforts met with the friendly support of the Dean of the Philology Department; Professor Jan Malicki and of the Vice Chancellor of the University of Silesia; Prof. Maksymilian Pazdan. The Silesian Circle of the Polish Philological Association was created in 1927 as an initiative of Inspector Wincenty Ogrodziński and Prof. Ryszard Gansiniec. The activeness of Upper Silesian classics was the result of the high level of the local educational system and later of the creation of new higher schools; especially the Silesian Medical Academy and the University of Silesia. Classical studies were established in favourable conditions also thanks to changes which took place 1990s. The development of classical philology in Katowice would not have been possible without a didactic support from Hellenists and Latinists from Krakow; Łódź; Opole; Poznań; Toruń; Warsaw and Wroclaw. The department has had its own didactic and academic staff for several years. Therefore it is possible to pursue studies of classical philology (bachelor’s; master’s degree) and Mediterranean studies (leading to a bachelor’s degree). It is also possible to do research in literary and linguistic studies as well as in ancient culture and its reception (especially in Byzantine literature and Neo-Latin texts).
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