We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Road traffic crashes have become a global issue of concern because of thenumber of deaths and injuries. The model of interest is a linear cross sectional Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model with additional endogenous variables,exogenous variables and SAR disturbances. The focus is on RTC in Oyo state,Nigeria. The number of RTC in each LGA of the state is the dependent variable.A 33×33 weights matrix; travel density; land area and major road length of eachLGA were used as exogenous variables and population was the IV. The objectiveis to determine the hotspots and examine whether the number of RTC cases in agiven LGA is affected by the number of RTC cases of neighbouring LGAs and aninstrumental variable. The hotspots include Oluyole, Ido, Akinyele, Egbeda,Atiba, Oyo East, and Ogbomosho South LGAs. The study concludes that thenumber of RTC in a given LGA is affected by the number of RTC in contiguousLGAs. The policy implication is that road safety and security measures must beadministered simultaneously to LGAs with high concentration of RTC and theirneighbours to achieve significant remedial effect.
More...
From the managerial point of view, the company can be considered as a complex cybernetic and economic system. From this managerial approach, the efficiency, quality and effectiveness of the company are present if the following three requirements are met simultaneously and compulsorily: the operational subsystem is reflected as well as possible in the decision-making subsystem; the informational subsystem must operate in real time; the outputs and inputs must be correlated and inter-conditioned. There are two approaches of the company’s economic goal. The managerial approach considers the company an organization whose economic goal is to use efficiently and effectively the human, material, financial and informational resources, in order to satisfy human needs materialized through demand, by offering for sale goods and services. From the strategic point of view, the economic goal of the company is to maximize the value and to satisfy the interests of the stakeholders.
More...
Globalization and rapid technological development have led many organizations to change the style of management caused by mergers and acquisitions, as well as changing the organizational structure and reducing employment. In the last two decades, organizational changes and the nature of the employment relationship between employer and employee following the past have undergone fundamental changes affecting the shape of psychological contracts. However, it was not clear how the psychological contracts themselves change. This article is part of the current of theoretical considerations aiming at understanding the causes and directions of transformations of the informal relations of mutual expectations regarding various aspects of the work situation and the organizational functioning between the employee and the employer. The conducted analysis of the subject literature allowed to outline the architecture of the new psychological contract. In the further part of the article, the ambiguous analyzed research results were interpreted in orderto provide the basis for further exploration. Based on two perspectives: organizational and employee, the factors influencing the changes in the psychological contract were indicated. In addition, the article contains explanations on how organizational changes and changes in the value and expectations of individual employees can affect the shape of a psychological contract.
More...
The purpose of the article has been to analyse the actual benefits stemming fromthe process approach implementation in the Polish public administration. The article providesa discussion on results of extensive empirical research conducted in 2016 on a sample of 495 local government authorities by application of the CAWI questionnaire technique supportedby the CATI survey. The results thus obtained were verified with reference to previous studies undertaken in the area addressed, verified in statistical terms and then critically analysed in a manner enabling final conclusions to be drawn.
More...
There is a feedback between frequency and quality cooperative compounds in the economy and economic growth of the country. Them an economy is more developed,the relationships are stronger and more frequent. However, along with the quantitative improvement and quality cooperative relationships economic growth of a country is higher. Establishing cooperation between individuals from the sphere of science and business isnot easy. There are numerous barriers connected with it that result from: communication gap,the structure of the national economy, financial barriers, stereotypes and other limitations. The notion of cooperation between the sphere of science and business is inseparably connected with the notion of academic gray economy. The reasons for its occurrence are explained,among others, by the theory of transaction costs.
More...
Agility employees are part of the structure of agile companies. These organisations have the ability to observe the business environment and see business opportunities appearing in it. They deliver services and products faster and better than their competitors. In order to be able to use these skills, the company must be agile in termsof organisation. Organisational agility means the ability to adapt company structures tochanges in the environment. Organisational agility includes activities including human resources management. Family-owned companies in particular should select employees who have agile characteristics. According to the studies, the selection of employeesis the most important stage of management in agile enterprises. Only such employees are able to ensure, through their actions, growth for the entrepreneur. Are universities able to develop agility features in future employees?
More...
Information - as a non-material good of particular importance - is now the basis for the functioning of many organizations from various industries and sectors. Such a perspective leads to the digitization of communication services, with particular emphasis on the transmission and storage of information. Over the last years, on a global scale, a breakthrough in the use of modern technologies and digital media has been observed both among companies and sectors of the economy. In 2016, about 46.1% of the world’s population has access to the internet, and for comparison it had less than 1% in 1995 [http://www.internetlivestats. com/internet-users/#trend] The technological revolution also has a fundamental impact on functioning of real estate market participants, including real estate agents. The aim of the study is to identify communication methods used in the real estate brokerage industry. The basic research problem leads to the answer the question whether real estate agents are adapting the process of communicating with the client to the needs of the information society. The study uses literature analysis, secondary and primary statistical data. For the purpose of the article the pilot survey among real estate agents was carried out. Preliminary analysis shows that real estate agents adapt to a limited extent to the needs of the information society. They largely use traditional methods of communication in the process of communicating with clients.
More...
At work, the problem of analyzing factors influencing demand is being considered. The actual data on two types of clothing industry products characterized by two features are considered. The basis for building a discriminant model is to find the optimal partition of the set characterized by the contingency tables. Due to the exponential computational complexity, a randomized method of searching for an optimal solution was proposed. Optimization criteria are chi square statistics and p-value.
More...
Entrepreneurs of companies keep asking themselves what sources to use in order to finance their own entrepreneurial ideas that enable growth, existence and income because they do not have sources of financing. One of these sources is risk capital, normally used by capital owners to finance innovative companies with a suitable business idea or challenge, a persuasive business plan and a vision of doing business with income that would be achieved in a certain period of time with the help of the business idea. Risk capital is a part of equity and venture capital funds, which enter a company, become its co-owners for a certain period of time. The research, provided among Slovenian entrepreneurs and investors of risk capital, shows that knowledge about the purpose and role of risk capital at financing high potential and development companies is rather poor.
More...
Organizations in today’s extremely competitive environment need to devote significant time, energy as well as human and financial resources to the measurement of their efficiency, in order to increase their profit, reduce costs, better plan their assets and manage their budgets, as well as to improve budget controls and risk assessment. Therefore, they need performance models, including the Balanced Scorecard. Primarily intended for profit organizations, the Balanced Scorecard is today used in the public sector, as well. This paper presents the research into the utilization of the Balanced Scorecard in the public sector, examining whether the performance of higher education institutions may be improved by the design and utilization of the Balanced Scorecard model.
More...
The importance of environmental accounting has been recognized on a global scale, and thus environmental reporting has become legally required. The implementation of environmental accounting results in environmental information that has become part of the company’s non-financial report, as well as a component in creating a comprehensive overview of the company’s business activities. The aim of this paper is to research into the environmental accounting and reporting within Croatian listed manufacturing companies. It analyses the manner in which companies report environmental information, as well as the share of environmental information in the financial reports of listed companies in 2017, focusing on the manufacturing industry as the one with the most significant environmental impact. The results show that listed manufacturing companies do not use environmental accounting sufficiently, which consequently leads to insufficient environmental reporting. Listed manufacturing companies in the Republic of Croatia mostly report environmental information in a quantitative manner. The results of the analysis of environmental information show that companies’ reports often contain information on pollution and exhaust gases, while sustainability information is the least present information. In addition, few companies report on sustainability related to natural resource stocks and consumption and recycling. Thus, it is clear that caring for natural resources and protecting the environment for future generations are a low priority for management in the Croatian listed manufacturing companies. The companies surveyed report environmental information differently depending on the sub-sector they belong to. Furthermore, the implementation of environmental accounting and reporting has not increased on the basis of legal regulations.
More...
This article performs simulations with different small samples considering the regression techniques of OLS, Jackknife, Bootstrap, Lasso and Robust Regression in order to establish the best approach in terms of lower bias and statistical significance with a pre-specified data generating process (DGP). The methodology consists of a DGP with 5 variables and 1 constant parameter which was regressed among the simulations with a set of random normally distributed variables considering sample sizes of 6, 10, 20 and 500. Using the expected values discriminated by each sample size, the accuracy of the estimators was calculated in terms of the relative bias for each technique. The results indicate that Jackknife approach is more suitable for lower sample sizes while the Bootstrap approach reported to be sensitive for the lower sample sizes indicating that it might not be suitable for establishing statistically significant relationships in the regressions. The Monte Carlo simulations also reflected that when a significant relationship is found in small samples, this relationship will also tend to remain significant when the sample size is increased.
More...
The manuscript investigates the impact of the observed sales promotion tools on the consumers’ impulse buying behavior. Beside the theoretical analysis of sales promotion and impulsive consumer behavior, the authors try to determine which of the observed sales promotion tools is most effective in encouraging consumers to perform impulsive purchases. Analysis of collected data is done with the help of three statistical-econometric methods: factor analysis, regression analysis and reliability analysis. According to the results of researches carried out, discounts are the tool by which consumers are most motivated to pursue impulsive purchases. Also, free samples and demonstrations and product rehearsals are very effective, while loyalty cards are the most ineffective. Thanks to these research results, this manuscript will have a contribution both for marketers and brand managers (companies), as well as consumers and future researches on this or similar topic.
More...
This research will focus on the general allocation fund, investment and population growth factors towards regional revenue consisting of Regional Tax and Non Tax Revenue Posts. The analysis also focused on the analysis of the presence or absence of the flypaper effect on the realization of the Padang City Government's GRDP before and after regional autonomy. This research is classified as descriptive and associative research and also expo facto. Data on all variables in this study began from 1980 until 2018 in the city of Padang. Analysis of the data used in this study uses regression analysis. The analysis shows that 1) general allocation fund has a significant effect on Padang City original local government tax 2) Investment has no significant effect on Padang City original local government tax 3) Regional autonomy policy has a significant effect on Padang City original local government tax 4) Population Growth has no significant effect on Padang City original local government tax 5) DAU has a significant effect on Padang City original local government non-tax 6) Investment has no significant effect on Padang City original local government non-tax 7) Regional autonomy policy has no significant effect on Padang City original local government non-tax 8) Population growth has a significant effect on Padang City original local government non-tax 9) original local government tax has a significant effect on regional expenditure in Padang City 10) original local government nontax has a significant effect on regional expenditure in Padang City 11) No flypaper effect occurs on regional expenditure on the realization of the Padang City Regional Budget.
More...
This research investigates the key success of traditional retails in small cities in Indonesia and the dominant factors that attract people to become their consumers. The object of the research is traditional retails in a small city named Cimahi in Indonesia. The subject is the consumers of traditional retails with the criteria of: have already reached a mature age, have their own income, have already shopped in a traditional retail business with a minimum of ten times. To get the maximum results, a descriptive research method with a quantitative approach is used. The data is analyzed using factor analysis, rank test, and meaningful analysis. The result shows that most traditional retails are run by the owner and his/her family. The owner also doubles as an employee who serves the consumers. From the 38 factors that are analyzed, only six of them are proofed to be the determinant of the success of traditional retails. Those six factors attract consumers to shop in traditional retails. Those six factors will be the subject of discussion and debate on this journal. The research results contribute to entrepreneurs' behavior in operating their traditional retails.
More...
The rate of time preference (RTP) has been observed to be negatively correlated with incomes, but the mechanism behind this correlation is not yet sufficiently understood. Here, I examine it on the basis of fluid intelligence in an economy in which households behave according to the maximum degree of comfortability. I show that heterogeneity in fluid intelligences among households causes heterogeneous RTPs and incomes at the same time. This means that the negative correlation between RTP and incomes is spurious, and there is no direct causality between them. They only appear to be correlated because they are bridged by fluid intelligences.
More...
The paper indicates the need to change and modify the definition of “administrative agreement” as a legal form of administration’s activity, constructed still in the legal system of the People’s Republic of Poland and limited by its political conditions and the then organizational structure of public authority. This definition has been functioning until now in administration science textbooks, despite the system changes and new challenges facing public administration connected, among others, with the implementation of EU funds, where this legal form of administration activity plays a particularly important role in the system of distribution of structural and cohesion funds on the territory of the Republic of Poland. This change in the doctrinal definition of an administrative agreement would consist in the fact that, while retaining its other elements, the change would concern the status of entities concluding agreements in regards to their “independence”. The current definition allows for the possibility of concluding such an agreement only with entities independent of each other, not being in the administrative subordination structure. On the other hand, the current legal regulations allow for the possibility of concluding such an agreement between entities that are dependent on each other, whether structurally, functionally or politically, though, for example, the possibility of filling managerial positions by a superior entity in an entity that is a party to such an administrative agreement.
More...
The Polish judicial system, and thus also the justice system, should be reformed, asis overloaded with the number of considered cases. However this reform can be possible only thank to the cooperation of various environments and work at the grass roots (within the broadly understood justice system). The reform should lead to a situation, where as many cases and disputes as possible could be solved outside the courtroom. Therefore, the reform should focus on facilitating such solutions as: alternative dispute resolution methods, the methods of pre-court selection of cases and legal education. All the mentioned solutions reflect the principle of the Hippocratic oath which states, that “prevention is better than cure”. The Malopolska-Silesian campaign offering help in filling out the personal income tax return forms is one of few examples of cooperation between a law clinic and a free legal aid society, i.e. two entities co creating the justice system and supporting social groups that cannot aff ord to use legal services. Therefore, such projects should be broadly discussed, modified and widely promoted.
More...