"ЕКЗИСТЕНЦІЙНИЙ АНАЛІЗ DASEIN" ТА ПРОБЛЕМА ІСТИНИ БУТТЯ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДИСКУРСУ РАННЬОГО ТА ПІЗДНЬОГО М. ГАЙДЕГГЕРА

Author(s): Alla Zaluzhna / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 4/2014

Phenomenology is the existential philosophizing of the twentieth century which includes the using of the term "existence" that accumulates in it. The shifts are connected with critical rethinking of the classical rationalist tradition in contrast between subject and object and disregard to everything sensual and individual, trying to find new grounds of human existence. In such case the person is not an isolated being, but always stays in relations with people, nature and life. The person doesn’t have only existence, but also shapes its attitude to it, that’s why it is the unique and the only possible existent which seeks existence and its rootedness in it. In this context Heidegger’s philosophical heritage be-comes significant and relevant.So M. Heidegger, being armed with a phenomenological method, created the fundamental ontology as the hu-man existence phenomenology, "existential analysis of Dasein". Thus he made a radical turn in the modern philosophical thought. Basing not on the classical ontology but on the existential ontology with a focus on the problem being what needs the human being, he founded a new phenomenological existential trend in philosophy which heavily influenced the formation of anthropological, existentialist, hermeneutic and philosophical studies. That is why good prospects are being laid for further development of a new ontological reorientation with legitimization of the human inner world problems in the plane of the meaning of its existence, the justification of personal presence in the world and responsibility facing life. So the M. Heidegger’s fundamental ontology and late existentialism appear as extension of Husserl’s concept of func-tional intentionality, which has ontological existential characteristics.In this regard, human existence is unlocked and opened to the world and appears as "being-in-the world". This open-ness to the world is caused by three basic categories. They are the "mood", "understanding" and "language". These categories are constitutive existential modes. According to the German philosopher understanding is identical to the openness of Dasein, because to exist in the world and to understand are same. Thus, according to M. Heidegger, E. Husserl, analyzing the subject in the surface of sequence of the consciousness and constitution of meanings acts, does not resolve the problem of the onto-logical status of the transcendental Ego. Therefore, in the meaning of Dasein there is available indication of the ontological in-terpretation of the being. It helps to deploy the problem of its existence from the existentionalism of its existence. Therefore, intentionally indifferent attitude changes ontological existential nature of caring contemplation. The intentionality from the way of relationship with the act of consciousness turned into a way of Dasein attitude to life. In such way, E. Husserl’s reduction and intentionality transforms into the ability of Dasein. It is always directed to nothingness until death. But if Husserl’s sense is de-rivative from universal "logical" structures of pure consciousness, M. Heidegger’s meaning appears implicated to existence. Therefore to understand the meaning of life we should discover the meaning of human being as a temporary process of the existence, and update the understanding of the life sense.However, even in the presence of significant differences of wide semantic range between early and late M. Hei-degger the main problem of the research "Being and Time" remains a leading orientation and the subject of the constant philosophical appeal. You can agree with the philosopher, as before and after his turning, the center of the author's re-flection is the problem of "the life sense", that in the horizon of "Being and Time" explicates by the existential analytics of Dasein. After the "rotation" is interpreted as the truth of existence and the possibility of being closer to the sense of being in its close association with a man.In early M. Heidegger the problem of the sense of being is tracked through the prism of being in its own experi-ments considering own variants of its implementation. This is a reason of dynamic Dasein, which has never been what it is and that is why it is always a project, outline due to this the existence is the openness. The prerequisite of the open-ness is temporality, interpreted as historicity. The "Me" is the existence. Its essence lies in the historicity being, man is opened to the destiny of life.The late M. Heidegger develops the concept of the human existence humanism in the sense of being, question-ing and finding meaning of personal presence in the world, dialogue with being, listening, care and staying in proximity and being opened towards it.On the grounds of carrying out the comparative analysis of the problems of human existence in M. Heidegger’s works "before" and "after" the turn, the theoretical thesis were motivated which permit to do phenomenological and onto-logical rethinking of the traditional ethic and aesthetic categories and to realize the role and place of nonclassical pat-terns of philosophical discourse of the ontological reflection of the end of the XIX-XX centuries in the modern field of hu-manitarian knowledge.

A Levinasian Opening on the Affirmative Ethics of Care

Author(s): Antonio SANDU / Language(s): English / Issue: 43/2016

In the order of beingness, duty is a state much closer to Dasein than any form of rationality could be. The true duty and the true respect for the golden rule can only come from the authenticity of one’s beingness. The same goes for what we call humility. This duty, as an existential state, is a movement of the spirit which seems to be overwhelmed by the care for the Other, towards the Other. Any duty which does not “move the being”, and which results, for example, from reason, is unauthentic and, viewed from a phenomenological perspective, it means the alienation of the appreciative capacity of the beingness - understood as Dasein. As such, appreciative ethics can only be placed at the crossroads between constructionism - as a theory on the agreed existence, and the phenomenology which enables the understanding of the subjective experience of the process of social construction of reality itself.

Agon-kompleks

Author(s): Luka Perušic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 03/139/2015

Considering the three orders in the cosmic assembly (macrocosm, microcosm and mesocosm), using an integrative analysis of cosmological understandings of variously-oriented metaphysicists and scientists, I firstly reach to a conclusion on entanglement of two developed cosmic principles that define the relational totality of objects and meanings. The first I term gathering- one-allness, which I describe with arhe-complex. The second I term itself-against-striving, which I describe with eris-complex. On the basis of a shift from enclosed systems (non-living being) to open systems (living being), I elaborate how arhe- and eris-complex create logoscomplex and agon-complex and in what way this new entanglement passes through corporeality (microcosm) to society (mesocosm), in the broadest sense appearing as a strife between realpolitics and utopian striving. In further development, I suggest an articulation of the current world state with the term biopolitical agon in which the power flows through infosphere relays. It is based on dismembering the living into convertible information that contains power in the ability to regulate and be regulated, i.e. the ability of the biopolitical to subdue logos with agon through logos itself, which I attempt to explain by matching this issue with previously mentioned phenomena. With corporeality as an instrument of transformative bitisation, I further discuss societal leaning towards cancelling the original purpose of logos-complex and depowering it regarding the control of bodily articulation of its own purpose-defining. This I shortly outline and then route back to the research’s starting point.

Aktualnost filozofije

Author(s): Theodor W. Adorno / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 05-08/2017

Tko danas odabire filozofski rad kao zanimanje, mora od samog početka odustati od iluzije s kojom su nekoć započinjale filozofske razrade: da je moguće snagom mišljenja zahvatiti totalitet stvarnoga. Nikakav opravdavajući razum nije se mogao ponovno pronaći u stvarnosti čiji poredak i oblik pobija svaki zahtjev razuma; tek polemički ona se spoznavatelju pruža kao cijela stvarnost, dok samo u tragovima i krhotinama dopušta nadu da bi se jednom dospjelo do prave i odgovarajuće stvarnosti.

Ante Pažanin

Author(s): Rajka Švrljuga / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1-2/2014

The intention of this article is to show the character Ante Pažanin as philosophers and political scientists. In this sense, the article relies on the philosophical work Pažaninov than his lecturing and public activity, although emphasizing the key strougholds of his teaching activites. In the wake of Husserl Pažanin attack in philosophy in whose terms include all the existing science, from the standpoint of contemporary phenomenology observed a possible historical continuity of philosophy and science to date. It is important for us today, as a role model and the possibility of developing various forms of knowledge and intellectual formation of human life in the modern global world.

Antropotehnika i filozofski smijeh

Author(s): Željko Senkovic,Darija Prahin / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1-2/2016

Da bismo govorili o ≫kraju povijesti≪ potrebno je biti u hegelijanskoj dispoziciji, primjerice razrađenoj od Alexandrea Kojevea. Teorija kraja povijesti ima u sebi mnogo toga sugestivnog, kakve su već sve megalomanske teme. U osno vi, riječ je o tezi da su moderna društva došla na takvu razinu da više ne ma bitnih inovacija, nego je još samo moguće perfektuiranje u za danim gabaritima.

Arhaična politika anarhično mišljenje

Author(s): Alen Tafra / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 01/2003

The starting point of this essay is a Reiner Schürmann's book on Heidegger's philosophy, which at the same time attempts to establish the genealogy of the epochal principles. According to Schürmann, in the place of the former metaphysicopolitical structure princeps-principium, an-archic and a-teleocratic epochal constellation of postmodernity ushers a new anarchy principle. It is in these rare times of interregnum when the question of the difference between what is present and its presencing ultimately arises, indicating that the origin is different from arche and princeps-principium, and that it founds nothing. The fact that the given situation has been made transparent in the most instructive manner by Heidegger himself, contributes even more to the confusion about his earlier endeavor to bring the renewal of the authentic historical Dasein. In the wake of some recent works, this essay aims to prove the decisive influence of cultural and historical Zeitgeist on the Heidegger's archaic politics. This effect uncovers itself more directly in the case of intertextual exchange with companion thinkers of conseiVative revolution, as well as in some vague archetypal analogies with his contemporaries - teachers of Tradition (Guenon, Evola). On the other hand, Heidegger's personal experience and typical motives from his occasional dealing with the political (Antigona, Holderlin), point at another controversy arising at the moment of decline of tradition and birth of philosophy: Straussian conflict between philosophy and city, individual and society. Both perspectives- archaic one of comparative mythology, as well as one of anarchic thinking - reveal hypocrisy and illusion of an intellectual or philosophical politics. In this light, the Heidegger case dissolves in the unsuccessful venture to quench the postmodern revolt against the modern world on the well of occulted beginning, while paradoxical nexus of metaphysics and politics, anarchy and principles of archaic societies, remains unsolvable.

Art and cultural institutions as social extensions of personal self-identity

Author(s): Jacek Olender / Language(s): English / Issue: 2-3/2015

The paper discusses artworks and artefacts considered as both cultural heritage and meaningful tokens for personal self-identity. The arguments come mostly from phenomenological understanding of self-identity and art, but the terminological toolkit comes mostly from the Extended Mind Thesis. While many museologists and theorists of culture argue that objects presented in a particular social context can shape group identity, I believe in taking this question to a lower, personal level. In this paper, I argue that we build our self-identity partially by anchoring our memories with significant art and heritage objects. I state that artworks, mediated by cultural context immersion of museums and galleries, serve as self-identity extensions. Since I find both selfidentity and art structured as sets of cultural meanings wrapped in material scaffoldings, I draw a relation between those two, showing the crucial meaning of material cultural objects for the formation of our self-identity.

Artikulacije tijela i tjelesnosti u filmu

Author(s): Krunoslav Lucic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 03/139/2015

The paper elaborates different articulations of the cinematic body and corporeality. Figure of body and the concept of corporeality can be comprehended in two different ways: as a film “corporeality” or as a “corporeality” in film, i.e. as a materiality of the film medium that is technologically determined and would otherwise be impossible, or as a materiality of the key film figures which are realized there in different forms. Also, the paper points out to the connection between the spectator’s body and the tactile image as articulated in the phenomenological approaches to cinema. In this context the paper explores the relationship between these three concepts focusing on diverse ways of representing the body in the genre, style and history specific film works. The focus is placed on the mechanics of body figures in American silent film comedy, attractions of the early silent film and on the representation of mostly woman’s, but also man’s body in the fictional works of the classical film style.

Ateizm praktyczny czy a-teizm metodologiczny? Problem Boga w dziele Bycie i czas Martina Heideggera

Author(s): Maciej Malyga / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2015

In his famous work from 1927, Being and time, Martin Heidegger remains noticeably silent on the subject of God. His silence may be interpreted as a form of atheism, more methodological than dogmatic, which excludes the question of God from the methods of phenomenology. The fundamental ontology, which Heidegger wanted to expand upon in Being and Time, is based upon a theological distinction between Being and God. Although his atheism must be classified as being of a methodological nature, the events which occurred following the publication of Being and Time can be accounted for, to some extent, by the view held by Catholic theologians, that Heidegger was a philosopher who denied God’s existence. He had accepted Nietzsche’s diagnosis that God was dead and had developed a vision for the intellectual renewal of mankind based on the ideology of National Socialism. Catholic theology initially considered his work to be a crude argument in favour of atheism. Only later was a more positive assessment of his philosophical work generally accepted.

BODILY COMMUNICATION: A BRIEF SUMMARY

Author(s): DOMENICO TAFURI / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2013

Nonverbal language has its own epistemological framework where the message is empirically investigated in its essence. A study showed as the 7% of the message content is given by the meaning of the words, the 38% by the tones of the voice and the 55% by facial expressions and body movements or kinaesthesia. Communication is the foundation of sociability and socialization, as implies cooperation, exchange of roles (transmitter / receiver), a code-sharing and the sharing of a context and a channel. Communication is sociability because it consists of several behaviours that help socialization through the constant exchange among individuals, called intersubjectivity, to construct the meanings.

BÓG FILOZOFÓW WOBEC BOGA MISTYKÓW: WYŻSZOŚĆ BEZ PROTEKCJONALNOŚCI

Author(s): Marek Kozlowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2013

To confront mystics and philosophers in respect of the ways they experience God’s presence we assume that they all agree about sense of reference to the absolute being as well as that both parties accomplish that in their own, qualitatively different way. Treating mysticism with the respect due to its contribution to render religious truth of humanity accessible, philosophy transcends the religion of a shepherd lordly priming his flock and becomes the dialogue which transforms the flock into a community of intelligent people participating in the whole accessible truth through their own “I think”.

Bosna kao granica Evrope: Andrić i Angelopulos

Author(s): Dragan Kujundžic / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Bosna, kakav primer. Bosna, kakav primer? Poslušajmo u ovom ponavljanju dve mogućnosti definisanja prostora: jedan, koji će spominjati prošlost, katastrofičku ruinu poznatu kao «istorija», suviše poznatu u svojoj pretskazivosti, gramofoniju prostora znanog kao «Evropa» – Bosna, kakav primer – i drugu, pitanje, mogućnost mesta/prizora (site/sight) ili graničnosti radikalno osobite u svojoj singularnosti, u svojoj još neoblikovanoj, raščinjenoj egzemplarnosti, do koje tek treba da dođe, jedno nečuveno pitanje – Bosna, zaista, kakav primer?

Cahit Atay'in Oyunlarinda Tipik ve Deneysel

Author(s): M. Selim Ergül / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 59/2009

Cahit Atay was born in 1925 and is one of the most important play writers of contemporary Turkish theater. Specially dramas about traditional dominance experienced in rural areas draw great interest after 1960s. In this essay typical characteristics and distinct tendencies in his plays and namely his experimental play Godot'u Beklemezken/Not Waiting for Godot are examined. Focusing on the tension between typical and a typical, aim of this essay is to display them fractures in wrightership of Atay. He wrote thesis plays for a long time. Specially this "anxiety of thesis" has been seen on texts of plays as seen in dramaturgical structure. Hiding the thesis into play is not needed and moreover the characters are determined definitely. More familiar and local gazes our subject. In this expect he constructs intertextual relation with the most avant-garde example of western theater, and this relation enables lots of phenomena between typic and atypic to arise. This essay focuses on the interference Atay to the Beckett's deficiency.

Categorie, concept intercultural şi experienţă filosofică

Author(s): Viorel Cernica / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 11/2015

: In this paper, the author proposes a research on the difference between the „philosophical category” and the „intercultural concept”, from doxical, logical, and phenomenological perspective. Also, the passing of the philosophical category to an inter-cultural context, and the returning of the latter to its first function are themes in this paper. The arguments and the examples will support the conclusion of the author, namely the idea that the philosophical (new) experience decides in respect of this double passing.

Co i jak poznajemy przez obrazy – edycja trzecia

Author(s): Krzysztof Rojek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 19/2016

Compositions of being: Metaphysical and non-metaphysical ways of understanding and discerning them

Author(s): Andrzej Maryniarczyk / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

This article discusses different ways of understanding compositions of being, and different methods for discerning them. It considers non-metaphysical (physical, scientist, phenomenological, abstractionist) interpretations in order to decide whether metaphysics can use them to discover and gain knowledge of the elements that determine the deepest structure of beings, and which set their mode of being. The paper also shows how much the metaphysical method for discerning the compositions of being is different from non-metaphysical methods.

Creation and Salvation in Edward Schillebeeckx. Well-being as more About Jesus' Death less About Resurrection

Author(s): Ramona Simu? / Language(s): English / Issue: 46/2017

This paper is not merely an attempt to come to terms with Edward Schillebeeckx’s theology and his philosophical mindset. Such attempts have already been made years back, when his ties with phenomenology, and also with postmodern hermeneutics and culture were pivotal for us in order to better understand his influence on mid-20th century Continental philosophy. This present study partially remains on those premises, but also brings Schillebeeckx’s thought closer to the 21st century, since nowadays concepts like salvation and resurrection tend to embed particular meanings, such as well-being and ancestrality, which until recently were considered halfway synonyms of the previous images, and thus were looked upon with less persuasion. This study follows their interchangeable use in Schillebeeckx’s doctrine of creation, where the purpose of the Christian creedal formula is to appease in a tribal sense, rather than to fun-ction as a confession of faith. On the other hand, Schillebeeckx’s take on the resurrection as a means to reconnect humanity to its ancestral faith will further be inspected as the starting point of his rehabilitated anthropology or the humanum. The initial discussion on the relationship between God and Jesus in the history of salvation finalized with Jesus’ death receives a new turn in Schillebeeckx’s thought when in this same context he talks about the resurrection. Jesus’ status after the resurrection is analyzed here considering the tribal flavors it receives in Schillebeeckx’s work with an accent on its outcome for the new humanity and its well-being.

Critical theory and its controversies

Author(s): Algis Mickunas / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2015

The essay explicates the debates within the Critical School, including the major controversy between Habermas and Gadamer. While the debates are within the “inner circle” of this school, external questions enter concerning the status of sciences, technology, life world, values, language and the possibility of reflective emancipation. Thus, the question of scientific “neutrality” becomes relevant with respect to objective rationality, resulting in a debate whether reason is in a position to justify itself without becoming circular. The critical part of the essay consists of the demonstration that reflective reason offers another level of discursive practice, capable of adjudicating the issues in terms of primacy of experience – in a broadest sense of the term.