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Specifications of Participatory Budgeting in Visegrad Group States and Possible Implementations for Slovakia

Author(s): Dalibor Mikuš,Richard Brix,Daniel Šmatlánek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Participatory budget is an innovative tool for public policymaking, which is characterized by the particpation of residents of territorial administrative units. In the paper, authors focus on the evaluation of the participatory budget within the Visegrad Group, which is linked by specific ties due to the special development of this geopolitical area after the political and social changes in the late 1980s. Identifying the specifics of participatory budgeting in Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia is set as the main goal of the article, specifically evaluating the pilot project model, analysing the legislative framework, which regulates participatory budgeting, and extending this tool at the local level in terms of current statistics. As for the pilot projects, the authors identified differences in the following indicators: initiator of its implementation; participation of citizens and their position and powers in project design; participation in the decision-making on projects in terms of voting; whether a direct physical vote or online form was used. In addition, the authors evaluate the legal framework of the selected states in terms of presence of the primary or secondary regulation. Finally, the quantitative development of participatory budgets is monitored, while the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is also reflected in the paper. Based on the data from other states of the Visegrad Group, in the final chapter the authors present optimization proposals, which they consider applicable in Slovakia. The authors identified at least three possible ways of amending the current Slovak legislation in order to improve the implementation of the participatory budget. The paper specifies the shortcomings in the form of low citizen participation in the drafting phase and in the voting process. The paper also identifies the same bottom-up implementation process in all V4 member countries. Poland is the only V4 country that has enshrined primary legislation on participatory budgets in its legal system.

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What Drives and Hinders the Use of Newe-Customs Systems in Developing Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa? An Empirical Study from Cameroon

Author(s): Hyorim Chung,Kyungjin Cha,Heejin Lee / Language(s): English Issue: 96/2023

While the adoption and replacement projects of e-government systems are increasing in develop-ing countries, empirical research is rare. Moreover, studies on factors affecting user satisfaction of e-customs systems are limited. To fill the gap, this paper empirically investigates the e-customs system implemented by Korea and currently in operation in Cameroon, examining its facilitators and hindrances. This study marks a new approach to studying e-government systems as an ICT4D project in a developing country by creating and validating a newly developed model based on the UTAUT and the SQBT. An empirical study using a survey was conducted. Data were collected from internal and external users who had experienced both the old system (ASYCUDA++) and the new one (CAMCIS). Performance expectancy and uncertainty costs strongly affect the switching benefits and costs. Sunk costs have no significant impacts. The switching benefits and costs significantly influence the behavioral intention and user satisfaction regarding the system. The study adds value to the research fields of user resistance and IT/IS acceptance by conducting empirical research on e-customs systems implemented by a donor in a recipient country. The study gives insights to those policymakers, system developers and managers involved in ICT4D projects about the factors that are important to maximize the benefits and avoid the losses in using a new system.

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Financial and Legal Responsibility of Local Government Bodies in Today’s Conditions

Author(s): Aliona Laba / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

In the financial system of the state, law-making activity is built on an extensive system of constitutional principles, a wide range of market relations, effective legal regulation, because it is the synthesis of these legal concepts that allows for the implementation of effective and socially oriented state policy, since ensuring compliance with the principle of the rule of law remains a priority and funda- mental principle state formation.This allows us to once again emphasize the importance and necessity of the state’s responsibility for ensuring compliance by officials and those authorized to perform the functions of the state before citizens, but this does not exclude the mutual responsibility of a person before the state and every citizen.Determining the definition of financial and legal respon- sibility is considered the most difficult and one of the most controversial in the modern legal system. The definition of the type of financial and legal responsibility as an independ- ent element of financial and legal science is rather vague and controversial, which is associated with the impossibility of establishing a cause-and-effect relationship and establishing a financial and legal sanction.The primary task is the tort demarcation and legal defi- nition of the delimitation of financial and legal responsibility separately from the general definition of legal responsibility, in particular administrative, because the system of current legislation contains conflicting and duplicating norms that create difficulties in law enforcement practice.The analysis of recent scientific works allows us to identify some problematic aspects of financial and legal responsibility that have not been sufficiently characterized and studied. Acquaintance with scientific publications from this direction allowed us to conclude that they relate to certain theoretical and practical aspects of financial and legal responsibility. The general theory of legal responsibility remains controversial and requires detailed research with the categorical legal apparatus, because at the moment there is no single principle of interpretation of such concepts as «legal responsibility», «offence», «sanction», only a partial correlation of legal sanctions and legal responsibility has been carried out.

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Recenze

Author(s): Jakub Kalivoda,Josef Hrdlička,Rostislav Smíšek,Ondřej Lee Stolička,Kateřina Pražáková,Václav Bůžek,Josef Grulich,Václav Černý,Ivo Cerman / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

Reviews and annotaions of: 1. Milena Lenderová (ed.), Zvířata a jejich lidé 2. Eva Semotanová – Josef Žemlička a kolektiv, Věnná města českých královen 3. Liesbeth Geevers – Harald Gustafsson (edd.), Dynasties and State Formation in Early Modern Europe 4. Liesbeth Geevers, The Spanish Habsburgs and Dynastic Rule, 1500-1700 5. Anne-Simone Rous, Geheimdiplomatie in der Frühen Neuzeit. Spione und Chiffren in Sachsen 1500-1763 6. Thomas Winkelbauer (ed.), Die Habsburgermonarchie (1526-1918) als Gegenstand der modernen Historiographie 7. Maciej Ptaszyński, Reformacja w Polsce a dziedzictwo Erazma z Rotterdamu 8. Jiří Šindelář a kolektiv, Rožmberská hrobka. Příběh hledání 9. William D. Godsey – Petr Maťa, The Habsburg Monarchy as a Fiscal-Military State. Contours and Perspectives 1648-1815 10. Daniela Tinková, Osvícenství v českých zemích I. Formování moderního státu (1740-1792)

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Elemente dhe tendenca të mirëqeverisjës në zhvillimin social dhe ekonomik të Shqipërisë

Author(s): Shkendije Demalijaj Ukaj / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 1/2015

Public administration reform is a global trend. Today, public administration reforms are necessary both in developed countries and the developing countries so that their administrative system to be efficient, productive, transparent and responsive to citizens’ needs. Increasingly, more and more becomes known that the level of economic and social development of a country apart from economic actors also assessed the level and manner of governance. Good governance creates opportunities for growth and making appropriate policy decisions in favor of sustainable development. Improvements in government performance serve as a means much right conclusions. These include among other things decreases excessive public spending, making government operations with eficiency and political reforms as fundamental changes in key policies such as macroeconomic management policies, labor market reforms or significant changes in social policies. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to show that good governance elements that affect social and economic development of Albania and told if public administration reforms affect economic welfare. Good governance is not only the work and activities without government involvement and the level of cooperation between all development actors and formal and informal institutions of a country, such as the inclusion of stated interest groups and civil society in dialogue consultations economic and social policies, transparency of public institutions and decisions of experts, determining the patterns of development in accordance with the level of institutional development of the historic all about fighting corruption and informality are some of the elements of good governance. Development of this paper was made based on qualitative data obtained primarily from scientific articles, internet sources, the RA legislation and knowledge gained from the author’s professional experience in public administration.

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Modernizimi i shërbimeve publike nëpërmjet teknologjisë së informacionit dhe komunikimit. Rasti i Qeverisë Shqiptare

Author(s): Valmira OSMANAJ,Bashkim RUSETI / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 1/2013

During the past several years, the approach that governments offer services to citizens and businesses has evolved significantly. This evolution has led to better quality of services as well as providing different channels to access them from their homes or offices, without being required to visit the service offices. The usage of ICT to deliver public services (e-Government) has many benefits such as: reduced bureaucracy, increased transparency and citizen’s involvement in governance and decision making processes. This study aims to evaluate the current level of sophistication of 20 basic public services of e-Government, defined by the European Union, and make a comparison of progress made since 2010. The methodology used in this study is the five-stage maturity model presented in eGovernment Benchmark Measurement Report of the European Union. For this purpose, we have analysed the official websites of the public institutions that are responsible for the provision of these services. One of the main findings of this study is that the services that have a high impact on businesses, such as business registration, tax declaration or public procurement, are offered at a high level of sophistication. On the other hand, services that have a high impact on citizen’s life, such as real estate, health services, economic aid and social assistance, affecting mainly the poorest strata of society, even though they had a significant progress in the last 3 year, the sophistication level for these services still remains very low.

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Optimizimi i parametrave të sistemit të pensioneve. Aspekti i drejtësisë midis brezave

Author(s): Patris Poshnjari / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 1/2011

The shift in the demografic structure, as a result of falling birth rates and an increase in the life expectancy, has put under strain the financial balance of public pension systems in many European Countries. Demographic and economic developments affect especially the countries that use a bismarckian PAYGO pension scheme. These problems lead to the need for reforms in order to maintain the pension system sustainable. New options are introduced to ensure income security in old age. Hence, private pensions may serve as a supplement to public pensions. How good are these alternatives for Albania? Albania is considered a country with a young population and the population is aging less rapidly. Instead of redesigning the Albanian Pension System, this article proposes a parametric reform. The question raised in this presentation is whether to improve or to privatize public pensions? The main goal of the article is to introduce a theoretical model in order to configurate the three main parameters of public pensions; contribution rate, replacement rate and dependency ratio. This model will be developed under the consideration of the intergenerational equity, in order to provide fairness in relationships between generations.

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ЕВРОЗОНАТА – СТРАТЕГИЯ ЗА ДЕТЕРИТОРИАЛИЗАЦИЯ И РЕТЕРИТОРИАЛИЗАЦИЯ

Author(s): Maria Kotseva-Tikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The Eurozone is considered as a strategy of deterritorialization and at the same time reterritorialization on a new basis. The positive impacts shared by the members are examined, as well as the negative implications of the participation in the union. The convergence indicators of the member countries of the Eurozone and the EU are analyzed and evaluated.

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СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИТЕ ГРЕШКИ, ПРОПУСКИ, НЕУСПЕХИ И ПРОВАЛИ

Author(s): Todor Tanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Nothing in this world is faultless. Accordingly, when strategizing the following could be manifested: Errors; Gaps; Failures; Downfalls. These four negative notions differ from each other. None of these are the same as tactical management errors, gaps, failures, and downfalls. Strategic mistakes are not tactical. They have characteristics that differ from the errors made in tactical everyday life. It is one thing, for example, to make a mistake in an accounting report, and another – to underfund a strategic priority. An accounting error leads to a penalty, but the error ends its existence at some point. However, if you fail a priority, one consequence after another follows in a chain that seems unfairly long to you.

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CONFLICT AND COLLABORATION AS PERENNIAL STRATEGIES IN AMERICAN DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE: A POLARITY MANAGEMENT APPROACH

Author(s): Morris Bidjerano,William Benet / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The recent political debacle in the US Congress that led to the removal of House Speaker Kevin McCarthy was seen as emblematic of the rather dysfunctional current interplay of the conflictual and collaborative strategies at the center of the American system of democratic governance. Applying Johnson’s (1992/1996) polarity management approach and Benet’s (2006) polarities of democracy theory, the paper presents conflict and collaboration as a strategic polarity to be leveraged rather than a problem to be solved and offers a preliminary assessment of their current state of (mis)management.

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КРИЗА В СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОТО МИСЛЕНЕ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ В ГЪРЦИЯ И ТЯХНАТА ВРЪЗКА С ГРУПИ ПО ИНТЕРЕСИ, ДЕЙСТВАЩИ В ГЪРЦИЯ

Author(s): Ioannis Iakovidis / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Ιn the economic, social and political life of Greece, «interest groups» are activated, which are created to work and receive the majority of the revenues in the economy and the treasury. The emergencies created by this institutional mix are materialized in the examined historical bankruptcies, economic uncertainty and political instability. In Greece, it appears that only governments are acting against the society, which has been captured by interest groups and captive to their political options and campaign promises.

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RISK MANAGEMENT VS ISSUE MANAGEMENT IN THE ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING AND COUNTER TERRORIST-FINANCING (AML/CFT) CONTEXT

Author(s): Nedko Krumov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This article aims to examine the Risk-based Approach (RBA) widely advocated in the standards of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in the implementation of policies and measures for the prevention and countering of money laundering money and the financing of terrorism (ML/TF). The article points out arguments why this approach could not be applied to all cases because, in specific situations, ML/TF should be considered as already occurring acts/issues and not only potential risks. The article's conclusions are based on the understanding that risks should be managed with different approaches than issues. Still, due to the FATF's requirements for unification in using RBA across all FATF standards, many countries have difficulty achieving high ratings on the relevant Immediate Outcomes 7 and 8, which should be treated as dealing with already emerging issues and not risks. The article offers an alternative reading in this direction and can serve many institutions engaged in preparing policies for the prevention and counteraction of ML/TF.

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The Path-Breaking Potential of the Recovery and Resilience Facility: An Analysis of the Shifts in EU’s Distributional Policy Mode with Insights from Romania’s Experience

Author(s): Nicolae Toderas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

In May 2020, the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) was presented as a unique instrument, due to its ambition, form, and the mechanisms with which it is equipped. Both the EU institutions and the epistemic and administrative communities in the field of European affairs saw it as a path-breaking instrument in the implementation of EU policies. This article analyses this hypothesis, and whether the RRF has the potential to generate a new path dependency in the EU’s distributional policy mode. It looks at the elements of the EU’s coordination mechanism through the RRF, as well as the aspects that set it apart from other EU policies, especially the EU Cohesion Policy. Also, primary evidence relating to Romania’s experience in drafting the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, and in implementing it, is presented and discussed from the perspective of the adjustments required by the specific approach of the RRF.

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Monetary Support and State Aid under the Pandemic Challenges in Romania: A Comparative Approach

Author(s): Dorina Clichici,Andreea-Emanuela Drăgoi,Angela Timuş / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly led to a severe deterioration of the global economic environment and a sharp worsening in the international financial market sentiment. Hence, the European governments adopted extraordinary monetary and state aid policies to mitigate the economic collapse and stabilise the financial markets. Romania was no exception, being significantly affected by the pandemic. Against this background, the paper aims to analyse the peculiarities of the monetary support and state aid adopted by Romania and by other EU Member States in the context of the pandemic crisis to increase the resilience of their national economies. Our main findings reveal that the monetary support provided in Romania consisted in significant liquidity injections into the financial system, and in the purchase of state securities from the secondary market. In Romania, the largest part of the total state aid was directed to SMEs from the processing industry, constructions, wholesale and retail trade, transport, and the storage sector, especially through guarantees and direct grants.

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Posibilele rezultate ale facturării electronice asupra colectării taxelor și impactul asupra viitorului sistemului fiscal românesc

Author(s): Faud Bahramov / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2024

The research investigates the potential outcomes of e-invoicing on tax collection and itsimplications for the future of the Romanian tax system. Employing a comprehensiveapproach, the study combines theoretical frameworks with a comparative analysis ofcountries that have already applied e-invoice. Initially, it reviews significant research inthe field, utilizing bibliometric analysis to identify key contributions. The bibliometricanalysis was implemented based on the Web of Science database. Subsequently, itexamines the evolution of e-invoicing globally, comparing tax revenues before and afterits implementation in various countries to discern its impact. In this regard, the statisticaldata was extracted from The World Bank and Eurostat databases. Additionally, itprovides an overview of electronic invoicing specifically within the context of Romania.The methodology involves a comparative analysis of tax revenue data and the progressionof e-invoicing adoption which was represented according to data from the RomanianMinistry of Public Finance. This study aims to assess whether e-invoicing has a positiveor negative effect on tax collection and to offer insights into its potential implications forthe Romanian tax system.

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Koncepcja inteligentnego wskaźnika dla powojennego odpornego rozwoju ukraińskich miast

Author(s): Solomiia Tkach,Rudolf Giffinger / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 68/2024

In recent decades, cities in Ukraine have undergone market-driven transforma-tions, each following unique paths of development influenced by geographic, geopolitical, and regional factors. National and local policies have shaped these trajectories, with a growing emphasis on Smart City (SC) strategies. However, the onset of Russia’s war against Ukraine in February 2022 disrupted the development of such strategies, intro-ducing new challenges and uncertainties for Ukraine’s cities. In the post war period they will face multiple challenges, including damaged infrastructure, decreased quality of life, and hindered economic development.Facing these pre-conditions for urban development, this paper addresses the necessity of a place-based SC indicator concept, which follows the intrinsic logic of the disaster cycle for resilient urban development and integrative policies. Hence, the theoretical and methodological basis of the study is made up of the fundamental provisions of urbanism supported and triggered by the concept of smart and resilient cities. Based on the disaster cycle the meaning of a place-based understanding of SC development is introduced which strongly impacts the type and quality of indicators. The empirical part briefly introduces into the differentiated urban development of Ukraine cities and experiences with SC ac-tivities. A SC indicator concept, unlike the existing conceptions, is adapted to the Ukrain-ian statistical base, supplemented with indicators that take into account the specifics of post-war urban development at the stages of recovery, adaptation and transformation.

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The evolution of a post-socialist satellite city in Central Europe. A historical and socio-spatial case study of Luboń near Poznań (Poland)

Author(s): Marek Nowak,Anna Bernaciak,Anna Wieczorek / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2024

The aim of the article: The evolution of a post-socialist satellite city in Central Europe. A historical and socio-spatial case study of Luboń near Poznań (Poland) is a socio-economic and spatial analysis of the development process of a satellite city with an industrial and agricultural core located in Central Europe.Luboń is a city founded in 1954, which allows to trace the entire process of its devel-opment, based on the research methods used, including statistical data on changes in, among others, population numbers, as well as spatial data based on georeferencing of photographic images of archival maps of the City of Luboń. The methods used as the way of describing and analyzing the history of the city were inscribed in the philosophy of the evolutionary approach referring to the dynamics of change and the complexity of development processes and their imbalance.The authors of the article formulate answers of three research questions: (1) how did the industrialization origins and socio-spatial alterations shape satellite city contemporary form? (2) how was its spatial form affected by the de-industrialization process of the first decade after 1989? (3) how has the city changed under the demographic and suburbani-zation pressure of its larger neighbour over the years?The article also contains elements of historical analysis, reconstructing urban dynamics. It also includes elements of conceptualisation based both on genetic studies of the con-cept of “new cities”, but also on assumptions present in Soviet urban planning thought, which was a direct inspiration for the solutions of the 1950s.The generalizations, after answering the research questions, proposed in the conclusion indicate the existence of the state of crisis and invite to discuss the dynamics of the phenomena of metropolisation from the point of view of peripheral participants of the process.

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The Linkage Between Fiscal Policy and Financial Development: Exploring the Moderating Role of Institutional Quality in Emerging Economies

Author(s): Charles K. Ricky Okine,Michael Appiah,Derrick Tetteh / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This paper investigates the role of fiscal policy on financial development in Sub-Saharan African economies, drawing on a sample of 23 countries from 2000 to 2021 using the panel ARDL method after evidencing stationarity and co-integration properties among the variables. Our results show that an increase in fiscal policy and institutional quality decreases financial development in the long run. An increase in taxation and expenditure by the government affects the development of finance in SSA countries. Our results also show that an increase in foreign capital and industrial growth increases financial development in the long term. The outcome evidence that the interaction between fiscal policy and institutional quality exhibits a positive effect on financial development. Causality results reveal no directional link between fiscal policy, foreign capital, industrialization, and financial development with institutional quality indicating a single direction. The study suggested that SSA countries should focus on developing policies to track the implementation of adequate fiscal policy systems and structures. Institutional coherence within and between SSA nations is required for efficient fiscal policy development.

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Hidden Consequences of Consumer Protection on the Financial Market: Regulation-introduced Bias

Author(s): Jiří Šindelář,Petr Budinsky / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This paper deals with the problem of how the risk perception among retail customers is affected by the consumer protection regulation on the financial market. Through a questionnaire survey, we have measured the effect of selected consumer protection measures on banking or investment decisions taken by a young (student) population. These measures included the most common elements of financial regulation, such as bank deposit insurance, corporate bond prospectus, licenced fund management and securities broker indemnity insurance. Our results show that protective state intervention represents strong stimuli for customer decision-making with a widely misleading effect. It overshadows other factors, including individual qualification, risk-reward preference and demographic attributes, all of which were found to be insignificant. Since the surveyed measures reached a similar level of effect yet they offer different substance, this outcome has important policymaking implications.

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Contribution of EU Cohesion Policy to Regional Growth: Evidence from V4 Countries

Author(s): Martin Maris / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The EU Cohesion Policy is one of the European Union’s key policy instruments for reducingeconomic and social disparities among its regions. The paper evaluates the policy contributionto regional economic growth in V4 (Visegrad Four) countries. The study establishes a significantvariation in ESIF (European Structural and Investment Funds) distribution at the NUTS2(Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) level within the V4 regions over 2000–2018.It suggests that ESIF absorption was not evenly distributed across regions within the V4 countries.This finding indicates that regional disparities in ESIF distribution may have contributedto economic imbalances within the countries. Secondly, a causal link between regional growthand ESIF absorption is identified. Along with other covariates, the use of the ESIF showsa statistically significant, although very modest, effect on the economic growth of V4 countries.Finally, the assumption of cross-country growth dispersion is investigated. The research resultssuggest statistically significant regional growth differences between Czechia and Slovakiaon the one hand and Poland and Hungary on the other. It implies that the impact of ESIFabsorption on economic growth may have varied among these V4 countries, potentially dueto differences in policy implementation, economic structures or other factors.

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