Innovation Agenda for Sustainable Growth and Competitiveness

Author(s): Marin Petrov,Teodora Georgieva,Ruslan Stefanov,Daniela Tchonkova,Todor Galev,Roumyana Georgieva,Robert Hickey,Denitsa Marinova,Metodi Naydenov,Plamen Shalafov,Albena Vutsova,Todor Yalamov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

The tenth issue of the annual Innovation.bg report continues a tradition of presenting and analysing the status of the national innovation system and its building blocks, and assessing the innovation potential of the economy as a factor for competitiveness on international markets. Ten years are a period, which allows a retrospective look assessing what has been achieved, while understanding the prospects for the future and providing recommendations based on good and bad practices. In addition, Innovation.bg 2014 is an agenda for addressing the main challenges of the rapidly changing business environment and upcoming hard decisions in the search of drivers for technological development and innovations.

The Innovative Bulgarian Companies

Author(s): Teodora Georgieva,Ruslan Stefanov,Todor Galev,Nadezda Gancheva,Roumyana Georgieva,Eva Diedrichs,Denitsa Marinova,Metodi Naydenov,Yasen Nestorov,Martin Ruppert,Daniela Tchonkova,Todor Yalamov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

On the basis of data from the European Innovation Management Academy, Innovation.bg 2015 analyses the strengths and weaknesses of Bulgarian companies in commercialising innovation. Although 80 % of companies have innovation strategies, they are rarely communicated clearly to company staff. While such strategies have the potential to focus the use of limited resources, their full effect cannot be achieved if staff, business partners and clients are not sufficiently aware of them.

Extortion racketeering in the hospitality sector

Author(s): Andrea Gimenez-Salinas,Carmen Jorda,Manuel de Juan Espinosa / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2016

Extortion racketeering in the agricultural sector

Author(s): Atanas Rusev / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2016

KÜRESEL SERMAYENN DÜNÜ ve BUGÜNÜ

Author(s): Sait Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 21/2014

The world is being ruled by the very discrete people you have perceived. We mention about a network of interest group called as “global capital”, dominating global money and capital, precipitating the nations into wars, for the sake of their individual, family and corporation interests. They earn a great deal of money from the wars thru stock exchange and arms trading. They want to control whole world by founding a world state or a world order serving for them. The world is ruled by those dark families and dirty corporations. Elected leaders of nations either will do what they demand or suffer from the cabals. They aim to have a perpetual dynasty by gaining new colonies. They are not a part any process, they are invisible, and there is no any government able to make influence on them. They are in competition among themselves. Almost in every country, some owners of corporations, employer syndicates, mass media kings, academicians who are in the pursuance of fame, career and monetary interests make effort to be inside of that network. Acknowledgement and pursuit of those people acting in cosmopolitan spirit within the state, political party or university would be one of the critical national security concern in the 21 st century.

21. YÜZYIL ENERJİ SAVAŞLARINDA TÜRK CUMHURİYETLERİ’NİN YERİ ve ÖNEMİ

Author(s): Çağrı Kürşat Yüce / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 17/2013

Energy consumption and the need to continue on a global scale, as in the past and in recent years. Oil and natural gas will continue to be the primary energy source until 2030 despite all the alternatives to meet this need. As a result of this situation, energy resources will continue to be one of the most important determinants of the twenty-first century. In addition, at least a half century, dominance of oil in the field of energy will continue to. Energy experts frequently reported that the “cheap oil” era has ended and price volatility in the oil market will continue to today.The Caucasus and Turkestan (Central Asia) regions including the Turkish Republics maintained its importance throughout history due to various reasons. Today, however, due to the rich energy resources, especially oil and natural gas, they took part in the world’s agenda. In this study, the important actors of the energy wars and reserve status of the energy resources of the Turkish Republics in the Caucasus and Turkestan regions were briefly described. In addition, as well as importance of energy resources for the region and the world’s nations, beginning in the late twentieth century and growing competition over energy resources of the Caspian Sea were discussed today.

DÖVİZ PİYASALARINDAKİ STRATEJİK UYGULAMALAR: AZERBAYCAN ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Fariz Ahmadov,Meleyke Dadaşova,Nurhodja Akbulaev / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 28/2015

In this study, the effect on the economy of Azerbaijan in the foreign exchange market of strategic applications, have been given to the problems and the solution of these problems. The study participants in the foreign exchange market in Azerbaijan to personel development, who are people or institutions that contribute to the development of participant characteristics of a person or by considering the characteristics of market institutions have become the reasons why, and for what purpose their process, the problems they may face during the functioning of the market and expectatitons from the market were investigated by conducting a poll of, the obtained results subjected to statistical analysis have been interpreted .

THE FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE FORMING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW ESTIMATE NORMATIVE BASIS IN BUILDING COMPLEX OF AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC

Author(s): Etibar İldirim Karimov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2009

Capital construction as a productive industry includes planning and exploration, construction and assembly organizations, enterprises of construction materials and transport. The determination of construction production’s price and prime cost role subject to uncontrolled (negotiated) prices has essential practical importance for state, joint-stock and private industrial structures which are interested in high production achievements. In addition different productive industries of national economy have directly or indirectly influence on capital construction. These productive industries provide construction with metal and fabricated metals, cement, timbering, construction machinery, transport, fuel and energy resources.

Приложение на линейната алгебра в икономиката

Author(s): Velika Kuneva,Zaharinka Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

Basic concepts of Linear algebra are presented in the present note with application in Economics. The aim is to provoke students in searching the applied character of basic mathematical notions and facilitate them in studying various applied disciplines where certain mathematical knowledge and skills are needed. An elementary example of the Leontiev model is presented, which in the general case describes relations between economic branches by means of systems of linear algebraic equations.

Оптимізація податкового навантаження сільськогосподарських товаровиробників в умовах застосування спрощеної системи оподаткування

Author(s): Оlena Magopets / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 31/2017

The purpose of this study is to assess the level of the tax burden on agricultural producers in the context of large, medium and small business entities within the framework of applying a simplified taxation system and justifying the possibilities for its optimization.It was given that most agricultural enterprises choose a simplified system of taxation, the level of tax burden on agricultural producers in the context of large, medium and small businesses was investigated. It is established that within the framework of the application of the existing single tax rates of the fourth group, the level of the tax burden on small business entities is high, which requires an adjustment of the current approaches to taxation of agricultural producers by a simplified taxation system.The feasibility of optimizing the tax burden on agricultural producers and their balancing between large, medium and small business entities on the basis of applying a differentiated approach to taxation of agricultural producers in the framework of a simplified taxation system that will ensure the fulfillment of fiscal and regulatory tasks of a single tax will be an effective tool for supporting and stimulating the development of small business in agrarian sphere.

Games with Modified Dice

Author(s): Aldiyar Zhumashov / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2017

The paper studies variations of a standard six-sided dice. In particular, we consider dice with other integer numbers written on the faces, but with the same sum of those numbers. What is examined is how any two of those modified dice play against one another in a random toss. Several assertions are proved.

Antipolitika és a kapitalizmus szelleme: Disszidensek, monetaristák és a cseh rendszerváltás

Author(s): Gil Eyal / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 21/2014

The article focuses on the – at the first sight counterintuitive – temporary alliance between two important social groups (the so-called „dissidents” and „monetarists”) during the Czech transition to capitalism. After the repression following the Prague Spring in 1968, the two groups find themselves in different social positions. While a part of the humanist intelligentsia, as a response to ideological repression, chose to „dissent” and subscribe for the ideas of anti-politics and to „live within the truth”, a great number of critical economists could remain within the institutions of the state apparatus (albeit without being able to make a career), where they gradually picked up monetarists ideas and practices. The dissidents imagined themselves as having a moral authority because of their sacrifice, and through their pastoral power they persuaded people to participate in a self-organized civil society put in contrast to the socialist regime. The monetarists, on the other hand, subscribed for the idea of the market and for its technique of „governing from distance” as opposed to the state’s discretionary interventions. Because of their elective affiliation, the two groups became the main mediums of the spirit of capitalism during the transition process, thus they created the bases of „capitalism without capitalists”. Though the alliance between the two groups did not last long, during their affiliation they created the context of neoliberal reforms by the monetarist technology of governing from distance and by propagating the idea that the society should purify itself by sacrifice.

Impacts of Ongoing Global Geopolitical and Economic Turbulences on Exchange Rates: A Case Study of the Australian Dollar

Author(s): Amin Sokhanvar / Language(s): English Issue: 06-07/2023

This research investigates the impact of the 2022 Ukraine conflict and subsequent economic sanctions on Russian exports on global supply chains and energy prices. Utilizing daily data from 2022, this study employs time-varying Granger causality and DS-ARDL techniques to analyze the effects of these events on the foreign exchange market. The results reveal a significant relationship between energy price shocks and exchange rates, with the Australian dollar appreciating against Euro, British pound, and Japanese yen. The study suggests that while major consumers of raw materials and energy, like Japan and European nations, face adverse effects due to the conflict, Australia could potentially benefit due to its role as a primary exporter of commodities. These results have noteworthy implications for policymakers and investors, highlighting the need for strategic reassessment of geopolitical risks and their direct and indirect effects on financial markets and economies.

Oil Price and Geopolitics Risk: New Causality Insights in Frequency-Domain

Author(s): Mihai Mutascu / Language(s): English Issue: 08-09/2023

The paper explores the causality between oil price and geopolitical risk at global level by using the short- and long-run test of causality in the frequency domain, over the period May, 1987 – April, 2020. For robustness checks, alternative tools in time-domain and additional variables are also considered. The key result claims that the oil price is a crucial signal for geopolitical risk on short- (i.e. up to 3 months) and long-run (i.e. more than 9 months) through its threats component. Interesting, no evidence shows that the oil price can explain the geopolitical acts per se. The results remain robust under the influence of global real economic activity in industrial commodity market. Surprisingly, no causality running from geopolitical risk to oil price is found.

ISLAMIC FINANCIAL LAW THROUGH THE EYES OF CONVENTIONAL AND ISLAMIC AUTHORS

Author(s): Sava Hristov Dimov / Language(s): English Issue: 02 EN/2024

The author analyses the different interpretations of Islamic financial law. The object of research interest are the views of the first Islamic authors, such as Al-Ghazali, on the ethical foundations, the critique of materialism and the concept of risk sharing. A valuable source for understanding the unique aspects of Islamic jurisprudence are the publications of Frank Vogel and Samuel Hayes. The authors emphasize the specifics of Islamic contract law, permissible profit-sharing contracts, and collaborative partnerships. Jonathan Ercanbrack highlights the standardization of financial legal norms to modernize Islamic financial law. He highlights the role of legal systems and market forces in shaping modern Islamic models. In the period 2020-2024, important publications on Islamic finance law are offered by Mohammad Hassan, Ashraf Khan and Andrea Paltrinieri. The aim of their study is the synergy between sustainable development and the principles of Shari'ah Maqasid Al-Shariah. University publications and specialized studies in the Bulgarian financial literature are critically reviewed. Against the background of the sustainability of Islamic banking in Western European countries Miroslav Kamdzalov tests the attitudes towards the adoption of Islamic banking principles in Bulgaria. On his part, Kairat Koyshibekov examines stress testing of financial systems, and Sava Dimov tests the plausibility of his hypotheses about Islamic projections in the near and far future to 2050. Serious attention is paid to the legal aspects of Islamic products such as risk and performance sharing partnerships, financing through joint business structures, raising capital through Sukuk instruments and Takaful mutual financial support financing. The author advocates that legal and ethical precautions play a significant role against prohibited activities in the Islamic finance industry.

Pecunia otiosa and a risky business plan of Pliny the Younger (ep. 10.54)

Author(s): Maciej Jońca / Language(s): English Issue: 51 (5)/2024

Two letters that have survived in a collection of correspondence between Pliny the Younger and Emperor Trajan constitute a fascinating source for the study of financial policies of the Roman state at the beginning of the second century AD. Pliny, as governor of the province of Bithynia and Pontus, sends a very unusual proposal to his emperor. He suggests that public money not invested in buying real estate be forcibly loaned to representatives of the local municipal elite (decurioni). Trajan, however, rejects this idea. So far, the imperial decision has been considered in legal terms (a loan is a contract and therefore both parties should reach an agreement that they intend to enter into it) and ethical terms (forcing citizens to take loans is not worthy of a just ruler). However, it turns out that Trajan may also have been motivated by other motives: he wanted to protect the market from being flooded with cheap money and inflation.

Pecunia otiosa i ryzykowny plan biznesowy Pliniusza Młodszego (ep. 10.54)

Author(s): Maciej Jońca / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51 (5)/2024

Two letters that have survived in a collection of correspondence between Pliny the Younger and Emperor Trajan constitute a fascinating source for the study of the financial policies of the Roman state at the beginning of the second century AD. Pliny addresses his emperor as a governor of the provinces of Bithynia and Pontus with a very unusual proposal. He suggests that public money not invested in buying real estate be forcibly loaned to representatives of the local municipal elite (decurioni). Trajan, however, rejects this idea. So far, the imperial decision has been considered in legal terms (a loan is a contract and therefore both parties should reach an agreement that they intend to enter into it) and ethical terms (forcing citizens to take loans is not worthy of a just ruler). However, it turns out that Trajan may also have been motivated by other motives: he wanted to protect the market from a flood of cheap money and inflation.

Finanse klimatyczne jako instrument realizacji prawa człowieka do bezpiecznego klimatu – podejście oparte na prawach człowieka z perspektywy finansów klimatycznych

Author(s): Iwona Wrońska,Maciej Nyka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51 (5)/2024

Climate change poses significant threats not only to the environment, but also to human rights. Paradoxically, these threats may result from changes in climatic conditions themselves, but may also be a consequence of the use of measures aimed at protection against these changes. Providing appropriate financial resources is becoming a key instrument for mitigating and adapting to climate change. Climate measures and funds play an important role in implementing a human rights-based approach to climate change.

Climate finance as an instrument to implement a man’s right to safe climate – a human rights-based approach from the perspective of climate finance

Author(s): Iwona Wrońska,Maciej Nyka / Language(s): English Issue: 51 (5)/2024

Climate change entails emergence of crucial threats, not only for the environment but also for human rights. Paradoxically, these threats may both result from the very changes in climatic conditions and be a consequence of employment of measures intended as protection against these changes. Ensuring adequate funds is becoming a key instrument in mitigating and adaptation to climate change. Climate resources and funds play an essential role in implementing a human rights-based approach to the climate change issue.

THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE

Author(s): Silvia Elena Isachi / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

This paper aims to analyze the impact of the industrial sector on climate change, identifying the main sources of emissions, their effects on the environment and the solutions available to reduce industrial pollution. Climate change is one of the biggest challenges, and the industrial sector is responsible for approximately 30-40% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The main sources of industrial emissions include the burning of fossil fuels for energy, chemical processes specific to certain industries (such as cement production and metallurgy), and inefficient waste management. In order to reduce the impact of the industrial sector on the environment, strategies for transitioning to a low-carbon economy are needed. These include the adoption of clean technologies, the use of renewable energy sources, increasing energy efficiency and the implementation of stricter regulatory policies, such as carbon taxes and emissions trading systems.