Jednostki samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce jako beneficjenci funduszy Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Magdalena Wojarska / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Artykuł ma charakter empiryczny. Jego celem jest identyfikacja związku między absorpcją funduszy unijnych (ogółem i per capita) przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego a osiągniętym przez nie poziomem rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego oraz określenie znaczenia tego źródła finansowania dla badanych jednostek. Proces analityczny był oparty na informacjach pierwotnych (zgromadzonych za pomocą kwestionariusza ankiety od 909 przedstawicieli urzędów miast i gmin) i wtórnych (pozyskanych z Banku Danych Lokalnych). Poziom rozwoju samorządów określony został za pomocą syntetycznej miary rozwoju lokalnego (MRL), a do ustalenia zależności między jej rozkładem a wielkością środków Unii Europejskich pozyskanych przez gminy posłużyły współczynniki korelacji Pearsona i rang Spearmana. Na poziomie populacji generalnej istotny statystycznie związek korelacyjny (na poziomie 0,44) pojawił się jedynie w przypadku sum ogółem. Oznaczało to, że wzrostowi miary MRL towarzyszył umiarkowany wzrost absorpcji funduszy UE i na odwrót. Znaczenie środków unijnych oceniono na podstawie wskaźnika ich udziału w dochodach ogółem budżetów gmin oraz wyników badań ankietowych. Podejście takie wykazało, że choć środki unijne stanowiły niewielki odsetek dochodów gmin (średnio 4,79%), to zdaniem respondentów istotnie przyczyniły się do rozwoju badanych samorządów (W = 0,89). Ponadto możliwość aplikowania o fundusze miała znaczący wpływ na kształt planów inwestycyjnych jednostek uczestniczących w ankiecie (W = 0,88).

Wpływ funduszy w ramach regionalnych programów operacyjnych na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy województw w Polsce

Author(s): Paweł Łopatka,Marcin Nowak / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

W 2015 roku obchodzono 40. rocznicę zainicjowania przez Unię Europejską polityki spójności. Przez ten okres polityka ta ewoluowała wraz ze zmieniającymi się priorytetami działania Unii Europejskiej. Zasadniczy cel pozostał jednak niezmienny – zmniejszanie dysproporcji w rozwoju regionów. Zmiany w polityce spójności znalazły odbicie w badaniach prowadzonych przez różne grupy naukowców. Jednym z istotniejszych problemów podejmowanych w literaturze jest określenie wpływu funduszy na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy. W artykule, wykorzystując teorię systemów szarych, zbadano, jaki wpływ wywierają fundusze w ramach regionalnych programów operacyjnych na wybrane zmienne charakteryzujące rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy. Badaniem objęto wszystkie województwa w Polsce. Analiza obejmowała lata 2007–2013. W tej perspektywie finansowej Polska otrzymała około 20% wszystkich środków przeznaczonych na politykę spójności (łącznie liczącej około 308 mln euro). Wyniki analiz przeprowadzonych w pracy mają charakter praktyczny i mogą być wykorzystane na potrzeby odpowiedniego kształtowania dystrybucji środków pochodzących z Unii Europejskiej.

Wpływ funduszy Unii Europejskiej na rozwój gospodarczy województwa lubelskiego

Author(s): Joanna Szafran / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Od akcesji Polski do Unii Europejskiej dystans w poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego mierzony wskaźnikiem PKB na 1 mieszkańca ulega zmniejszeniu, jednak w regionach procesy konwergencji przebiegają wolniej. W województwie lubelskim proces „doganiania” następuje z niższego poziomu rozwoju, wynikającego m.in. z niekorzystnej struktury gospodarki, niskiej urbanizacji, słabej przedsiębiorczości i wyposażenia w infrastrukturę. Przynależność Lubelszczyzny do najsłabiej rozwiniętych regionów nie przełożyła się w latach 2004–2006 na większe fundusze pomocowe mimo stosunkowo dużej aktywności beneficjentów w programach operacyjnych. Niższy udział lubelskiego w krajowych programach ma zrekompensować program skierowany do Polski Wschodniej i wzrost wsparcia przeznaczonego na programy regionalne. Celem artykułu jest analiza kierunków alokacji funduszy polityki spójności Unii Europejskiej oraz ocena efektów w zakresie pobudzania rozwoju gospodarki Lubelszczyzny przez niwelowanie luki w infrastrukturze technicznej (transportowej, wodociągowej, kanalizacyjno-ściekowej i gazowej) oraz stymulowanie przedsiębiorczości. Fundusze UE są obecnie najważniejszym źródłem finansowania zarówno największych projektów, jak i lokalnej infrastruktury oraz mobilizacji kapitału na rozwój MŚP.

Absorpcja funduszy Unii Europejskiej a rozwój społeczno-ekonomiczny powiatów województwa wielkopolskiego

Author(s): Marcin Spychała / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Celem artykułu jest próba określenia zależności między absorpcją funduszy unijnych a zmianami poziomu rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego. Badania przeprowadzono w trzech etapach. W pierwszym określono poziom rozwoju powiatów województwa wielkopolskiego. W drugim etapie przedstawiono zróżnicowanie absorpcji funduszy unijnych w tych powiatach. W trzecim etapie określono zależności między wielkością absorpcji a zmianami poziomu rozwoju w układzie czynników tego rozwoju na podstawie analizy regresji.

EDITORS’ FOREWORD

Author(s): Maria Bakalova,Anton Parvanov,Elisabeth Yoneva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This volume is a collection of papers presented at the International conference The Balkans and Europe between Integration and Particularism: Challenges and Prospects, organized by the Faculty of International Economy and Politics at UNWE andthe Bulgarian Political Science Association and held in Sofia on October 25-26, 2018.The topic might seem trivial, for recently the focus of political and diplomatic attention has yet again shifted back to the troublesome South-Eastern part of Europe.Hence, numerous political and academic events dedicated to the Balkans, and to theWestern Balkans in particular, in the light of the EU integration processes in the region have been organized.

Erdogan’s Reformed Turkey and the Future of Republic

Author(s): Plamen Ralchev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The 2017 referendum that transformed Turkey's constitutional system and the June2018 elections represent the final stage of the transformation project for New Turkey and the beginning of a new era in the history of the modern Turkish Republic. Authoritarian trends in government and social life, the strong centralization of political decision-making, and the unconditional personification and praise of the ruling will continue to deepen the dividing lines between Turkey and its EU partners. Authoritarian trends in government and social life, the strong centralization of political decision-making, and the unconditional personification and praise of the ruling party leader will continue to deepen the dividing lines between Turkey and its EU partners. On theone hand, Turkey is moving away from the prospect of EU membership, and on the other, President Erdogan, as the sole center of power in Turkey, will maintain a firm and irreconcilable tone in relations with the EU, especially as regards the negotiations on financial compensation that Turkey expects to receive to restrict migration flow from the Middle East.

Conference Program

Author(s): / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Conference Program

Fundusze europejskie w rozwoju infrastruktury transportowej Warmii i Mazur

Author(s): Stanisław Ejdys / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Artykuł prezentuje zestawienie wyników analiz oraz omawia rolę funduszy europejskich jako narzędzia finansowania rozwoju infrastruktury transportowej Warmii i Mazur. Na podstawie szeregu raportów wskazanych w opracowaniu można wnioskować, że region Warmia i Mazury właściwie wykorzystuje szansę związaną z członkostwem w Unii Europejskiej i dostępnością jej funduszy. Realizuje te inwestycje infrastrukturalne, które trudno byłoby urzeczywistniać na tak wielką skalę bez unijnego wsparcia. Istotnym wyzwaniem pozostaje dalsze konsekwentne wspieranie inwestycji infrastrukturalnych w regionie. Osiągnięty stan w tym sektorze nadal prezentuje się niekorzystnie. Priorytetem powinna być alokacja środków inwestycyjnych oraz zapewnienie środków na utrzymanie już powstałej infrastruktury transportowej. Wymaga to jednak dookreślenia obecnej i przyszłej roli funduszy europejskich oraz efektywnego ich wydatkowania.

References

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Европейски съюз – състояние и перспективи

Author(s): Nadya Ivanova Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the process of globalization, refine on the one hand, we must focus on the formation of a rational weakening and geographical structure of implementation and export and over time to take into account the increasing competition in the world markets. It is of particular importance to use and be regarded as members of the World Trade Organization and the favorable prospects evident from NATO and EU membership abroad. The integration process is influenced by no one factor – it compares the level of economic development, geographical proximity to the former, the political will of integrate on the pages, creates the integrated structure of the mechanisms and is created in the Initiative Center by the existing ones, to unite and partners.

Как миграцията се отразява върху новата многогодишна финансова рамка Съюзи в рамките на Европейския съюз

Author(s): Atanas Pavlov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This analysis provides an assessment of some of the most important elements of the EC proposal for new 2021-2027 MFF and new system of own resources, mainly focusing on the issues regarding migration and their impact. Also, the analysis provides an overview and comparison between the new MFF and the current one. For the expenditure side of the EU budget, the European Commission has proposed a long-term budget of €1,135 billion in commitments (expressed in 2018 prices) over the period from 2021 to 2027, equivalent to 1.11% of the EU27's gross national income (GNI). This level of commitments translates into €1,105 billion (or 1.08% of GNI) in payments (in 2018 prices). Superficially, this amounts to an increase on the 2014-2020 MFF, which is an estimated 1.02% of EU-28 GNI (commitments), but a number of factors make comparisons difficult. On the revenue side of the EU budget, the Commission has taken the political opportunity presented by Brexit to propose a gradual phasing-out of most of the correction mechanisms that discount certain Member States' contributions to the EU budget. The proposal for a new own resources decision also takes up the recommendation of the High-Level Group on Own Resources to introduce new own resources explicitly linked to EU policies.

Финансова подкрепа за Албания и България по линия на програмата Phare: сравнителен анализ

Author(s): Indrit Cenai / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

After the so-called ‘dictatorship’ period in Albania the country becomes recipient of financial assistance from the EU in the 90’s. This assistance is allocated through the PHARE program as well as other international donor programs (supporting food security, humanitarian aid during emergencies, development of voting standards as well as education, including loans by the European Investment Bank). This article analyses the financial aid provided by the EU to Albania and Bulgaria prior to their EU accession as well as some difficulties experienced by Bulgaria during its pre-accession funds utilization made available through PHARE program. This research is conducted with the following important limitation: the analysis covers only the duration of the pre-accession instruments and funds and the issues experienced prior to the formal accession of Bulgaria to the EU.

Основни фактори, обуславящи разходването на средства от бюджета на Европейския съюз за постигане на целите на Съюза

Author(s): Hristo Draganov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The European Union pursues common policies through its institutions in order to attain the Union's objectives. The main financial instrument that provides the conduction of the common policies is the European Union budget. The use of this instrument is subjected to the fulfillment of various conditions. The basic factors determining the European Union budget expenditure could be grouped into as law factors, financial and economic factors, political factors. Many of the factors are aimed at ensuring financial stability and proper use of the European Union budget but their multitude makes them practically difficult to apply. The diversity of the (non-exhaustively) presented factors could be considered also as source of problems emerging in the practice of the European Union budgetary process.

Българското участие в Стратегията на Европейския съюз за Дунавския регион - принос и ползи

Author(s): Silvia Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report aims to show what the main effect is and how significant the benefits for Bulgaria are as a result of the country's participation in the European Union Strategy for the Danube Region. The first part of the report addresses key issues such as: What is the Danube Region? What are the main problems and challenges facing the countries involved? Why is it necessary to have a joint European strategy in this direction?The answers to these and other questions will give us a clear perception on the idea and the mission set in the establishment of such strategies at an EU level. The second part of the report is devoted entirely to Bulgaria's participation in the Strategy. The strategy is reviewed in detail and considered under its realization in Bulgaria in particular. The main emphasis is on the contributions and benefits of our participation in the Strategy for the Danube Region. In conclusion, the author allowed herself to draw some conclusions about the achieved results in Bulgaria.

Критичен поглед върху институционалната система на Европейския съюз

Author(s): Monika Moraliyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The European Union is facing a number of serious challenges which shall be solved through utilizing its own resources – human, financial and intellectual. At the same time, its institutional structure is increasingly criticized - both externally and internally, by the European and national politicians, and increasingly by the European citizens. The disapproval of the EU is aimed both at the functioning and the activities of specific institutions and at the way in which they interact in the general structure, as well as against the implementation of certain policies. This report presents some weaknesses identified by the three main EU institutions - the European Council, the European Commission and the European Parliament. The second part presents the main critical directions to the EU institutional system - bureaucratic inefficiency, democratic deficiency and inefficiency of the EU policies. Their nature and opportunities for improvement are analyzed.

Praćenje suđenja za ratne zločine i reforma pravosuđa u kontekstu pregovora o integraciji u Europsku uniju

Author(s): Vesna Teršelič / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

U procesu europskih integracija pred pravosuđe je postavljen niz zadataka vezan uz neistražene ratne zločine . Nakon izbora 2000., okretanja Republike Hrvatske prema Europskoj uniji i potpisivanja Sporazuma o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju u listopadu 2001. godine, blagotvoran utjecaj procesa pregovora na kvalitetniji rad institucija i nagovještaji njihove reforme, nije izostao. No, olako dana predizborna obećanja o raskidu s nasljeđem političkih intervencija u rad pravosuđa i izgradnji institucija pravne države, teško su se pretvarala u konkretne mjere. Kontekst za učinkovitije procesuiranje ratnih zločina stvaran je međudjelovanjem novoizabrane socijaldemokratsko-liberalne koalicijske vlasti te politike uvjetovanja Europske unije poticanjem suradnje s Međunarodnim kaznenim sudom za ratne zločine u bivšoj Jugoslaviji (u nastavku MKSJ) i intenziviranje postupaka od predistražnih radnji do suđenja u RH. Nakon manjkavih i etnički pristranih istraga ratnih zločina u devedesetima, pravosuđe je napravilo određene iskorake. To se primjerice očitovalo okončanjem istrage zločina nad srpskim civilima u Gospiću, podizanjem optužnice i suđenjem pred Županijskim sudom u Rijeci, čiju je presudu Tihomiru Oreškoviću, Mirku Norcu i Stjepanu Grandiću, koji su zbog ratnih zločina nad civilnim stanovništvom osuđeni na 15, 12 i 10 godina, u lipnju 2004. potvrdio Vrhovni sud RH. Kako bi se okončale predistražne radnje u svim postupcima zatvorenima u ladice, poput zločina nad civilima u Sisku ili poduzele ozbiljne istrage za još uvijek neistražen zločin u Bogdanovcima, bilo je potrebno više od uspješnog okončanja jednog oglednog postupka. Unatoč tome što su birači ovlastili novu garnituru vlasti za promjene, postavlja se pitanje u kolikoj su mjeri institucije iskoristile jedinstvenu priliku za reformu.

The future of the European Migration and Asylum Policy

Author(s): Judyta Cabańska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: Migration is acomplex issue, with many facets that need to be weighed. Five years after the 2015 refugee crisis and the European Agenda on Migration, the EU still lacks a common migration and asylum policy. The aim of the chapter is to discuss the future of the migration and asylum policy in the European Union. Design/methodology/approach: The chapter analyzes the current migration situation in Europe, the impact of Covid-19 on migratory flows in Europe, challenges faced by the EU, and legislative initiatives proposed under the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. The text indicates key challenges related to migration faced by the European Union and provides an overview of the legislative proposals that seek to address the identified gaps. Findings: Covid-19 pandemic highlighted the need for the EU to be prepared to address situations of force majeure and broader crises, which impact migration and asylum management systems. The Pact on Migration and Asylum sets out the Commission’s new approach to migration, addresses border management, and ensures more coherence to integrate the internal and external dimensions of migration policies. Originality and value: The chapter attempts to contribute to the literature on international migration by delivering analysis results of Covid-19 pandemic’s impact on the migration flows in Europe and the analysis of EU’s new approach to migration and asylum policy.

Rethinking the Communication with the Unions Members in the New Context

Author(s): Vasile Hodorogea,Tulia Maria Căşvean / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Additional to the three main trends influencing social dialogue at the organizational level - de-centralization, up-scaling, de-institutionalization and representation – the COVID-19 pandemic rules brought a new influence that impacts the Unions, forcing it to adapt its internal communication. This paper is centred upon the way the Unions members in Romania get access to information in the new labour landscape, characterized by the work from home and physical distancing. The research focuses on a collective case-study of three strong Union Federations that developed internal communication with unions’ members that fits the pandemic context. The research focuses on the internal communication repertoire elements used by the Unions. The research method assesses the qualitative information gathered by interviewing key Unions representatives. The main areas of interest are the key topics addressed in the communication with the members, the tools and media mix used, the frequency of the formal communication with the trade unions members, the accountable and the responsible persons with the internal communication, and the management of the feedback from the members, all in the context of what is different vs. 2019. The conclusions are enriched with some recommendations for future development of communication with union members, supporting the social dialog.

Audit of European Structural and Investment Funds, a Component of the Management and Control System

Author(s): Iulian Miserciu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The European Commission (EC) has established through European regulations that at each Member State an independent body, generically called the Audit Authority (AA), who will ensure the external public audit function for each operational program financed by the European grants. Each Member State was free to set up its audit authority, subject to the above-mentioned conditions.The Romanian Audit Authority was set up at the level of the Romanian Court of Accounts, being established by national law as a body without juridical personality, operationally independent from the rest of the public audit activity. This audit body performs the external audit function for all operational programs financed by the European grants.The present article aims to present the Romanian Audit Authority, its institutional and organizational capacity to fulfil the legal requirements of the European legislation and the extent to which its results can provide a reasonable assurance to the European Commission that the management and control system (MCS) functions in way to prevent, detect and correct deficiencies and financial sanctions. One of the challenges of the audit is whether its recommendations can prevent malfunctions in the MCS, and in the event of irregularities, the managing authority (MA) and the certifying authority (CA) can correct them in time before the European Commission is declared expenditure. It will also present the procedure established by the legal framework on how audit recommendations are implemented by the other entities within the management and control system.Although it is part of the Court of Auditors, the Audit Authority has its own working procedures, which must reflect the requirements of European regulations and guidelines, and the results of its verifications are communicated to the European Institutions. The manner in which the EC uses the audit reports will also be the subject of this article.

Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy of the European Union

Author(s): Andreea Panagoret,Dragoş-Mihai Panagoreț,Tomislav Kandyija / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Sustainable development approaches the concept of quality of life in all its complexity, from an economic, social and environmental point of view, promoting the idea of ​​the balance between economic development, social equity, efficient use and conservation of the environment.By its very nature, sustainable development represents the need for responsibility and education for environmental protection, and this aspect is reflected in the evolution of community policy in recent years, a policy marked by the transition from an approach based on constraint and sanction, to a more flexible, based one on incentives. Thus, it is acting in the direction of a voluntary approach, in order to promote this environmental responsibility and to encourage the use of environmental management systems.The environmental policy does not act independently, but reflects the interest of civil society in this direction, manifested by the creation of numerous environmental movements and organizations. Moreover, in some countries the creation and development of "green" political parties has been achieved, with real success in the political arena. However, resistance - or, more properly, the restraint and inertia that manifests itself, should not be forgotten, when environmental objectives seem to limit industrial competitiveness and economic growth; but this aspect only emphasizes once again the need for a concerted approach at European level and the need for an active and integrated environmental policy, capable of responding to the challenges that appear economically.The European environmental policy is based on the principles of precaution, prevention, correction of pollution at source and "polluter pays". The precautionary principle is a risk management tool that can be invoked if there is scientific uncertainty about a possible risk to human health or the environment, arising from a particular action or policy.