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Refugee And Asylum-Seeking Students’ Experiences And Perspectives Of Education In The United Kingdom

Author(s): Jáfia Naftali Câmara / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Refugee and asylum-seeking students (RAS) face various challenges in accessing and excelling in the British educational system. Refugee-background students are entitled to attend mainstream, formal education, but there are no clearly defined educational policies that address their specific needs. There are still notable gaps in the literature highlighting the distinctions between the specific needs of refugee-background students from the needs of other groups and of their experiences of schooling. This study has been designed to investigate RAS students’ experiences and perspectives of education in England. It has been necessary to find a theoretical framework that accounts for the impact of culture and integration policies on teaching and learning in diverse classrooms.

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Integration Of Highly Educated Syrian Refugees In The Uk

Author(s): Zahide Erdoğan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As a consequence of growing refugee movement following Syrian refugee crisis, refugee integration has started to be discussed again in Europe. In this paper I seek to examine structural integration of highly educated Syrian refugees in the UK by using part of the Ager and Strang integration framework to understand the role of facilitators and citizenship. The semi-structured interviews conducted with 20 highly educated Syrian refugees living in the UK. The findings indicate that language skills and higher education environment facilitate structural integration. However, citizenship is considered as a tool and reward for integration.

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Avrupa’da Müslüman Mültecilerin Entegrasyon Sorunlari

Author(s): Erkan Perşembe / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Arap Baharı olarak tanımlanan süreçte meydana gelen isyanlar, Suriye’de kalıcı ve uzun süreli bir iç savaşa neden olarak kitlesel göçleri tetiklemiş ve mülteci hareketleri gündeme gelmiştir. Suriyelilere Irak, Afganistan ve Afrikalıların da eklenerek Akdeniz’de tehlikeli bir yolculuğu tercih ederek Avrupa’ya sığınma çabaları, bütün dünyayı ilgilendiren insani bir dram haline gelmiştir.Mültecilerin kontrolsüz bir şekilde yöneldiği Avrupa Birliği ülkelerindeki var olma mücadeleleri, F.Almanya özelinde tebliğimizde ele alınacaktır. Önceki yıllarda Müslüman göçmenlerin uyum süreci deneyimlerini yaşayan AB ülkelerinin bu yeni durum karşısında nasıl bir gündemle soruna yaklaşabildiği, mültecilerin buradaki geleceğini de yakından ilgilendirmektedir. AB ülkeleri arasında F.Almanya, önemli sayıda mülteci kabulü ve onların entegrasyon deneyimlerine katkı sağlama programı uygulayan yönüyle olumlu bir örnek olarak kabul edilmektedir. Mültecilerin büyük çoğunluğunun Müslüman oluşu, göçmenlere karşı son yıllarda tırmanan islamofobik yaklaşımların artmasını tetiklemektedir. Bu kapsamda mültecilerin yeni yaşam dünyalarında karşılaşabilecekleri sorunlar nedeniyle yönelebileceği radikal İslami gruplarla olabilecek bağlantıların, Avrupa’daki Müslümanların

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Safe Motherhood And Safe Fertility Among Turkey’s Syrian Women

Author(s): Yaprak Civelek,Dicle Koylan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the twentieth century, various opinions on birth phenomenon are encountered including views that saw birth practices and belief as reflections of undisputedly accepted cultural patterns, but also views, who defined birth as a field in which the production, reproduction and resilience of culture emerge and the need to evaluate all these historically within the context of a unique political and economic relations, appear. (Van Hollen , 1994) However, birth in its simplest form is a phenomenon. Fertility simply refers to the frequency of live births. Consequently, the issue of "safety" based on birth, fertility and motherhood came to the fore.

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Remittances’ Impact On Philippines Household

Author(s): Eugene Agoh,Régine N. Soppo,Vilmantė Kumpikaitė,Irma Banevičienė / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Philippine is the highest labour exporter among its neighbours in the East and South-East Asia (Pratt, 2018). Consequently, diaspora Filipinos send about 34 billion USD as remittances from around the world making Philippine the third highest remittance receiver in the world just behind India and Mexico (Bank, 2019). Therefore, remittances play an important role in Philippines households. After analysis of 17 papers, which focus on this issue, positive and negative sides of remittances; to Philippines households are highlighted.

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Caring For Elderly Parents In Japan While Living Abroad: Transnationalism, Mobilities, And Long-Term Strategies

Author(s): Yana Yovcheva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

When the words ‘care’ and ‘transnational migration’ are used in one sentence, what typically comes to mind are migrants – usually women – who move to another country in order to care for children or elderly people there because the latter’s own family are in a more advantageous position and have other priorities. In view of the constantly increasing movement of foreign health, residential and domestic care workers to rapidly-aging upper- and middle-income countries, researchers have developed the concept of global care chains (Hochschild 2000, Parreñas 2005, Yeates 2009). Defined as “a series of personal links between people across the globe based on the paid or unpaid work of caring” (Hochschild 2000: 131), the chain extracts physical and emotional labor upwards to the Global North (or, the core), leaving the Global South (or, the periphery) as a reservoir of care workers (Yeates 2009, Raghuram, Bornat & Henry 2011). These chains “cascade downwards and incorporate labor that at each stage is remunerated to lesser extent” (Kofman & Raghuram 2012: 8). For instance, a woman in a poor country migrates from the big city to a wealthy country to work as a domestic maid; she, in turn, relies on another woman from the countryside to migrate to the big city to care for her children and/or elderly parents in her absence; she, in turn, relies on (female) relatives to care for her own children and/or elderly parents back in the countryside. As Ormond & Toyota (2018) point out, care deficits are passed downward in distinctly gendered, racialized and classed manners.

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Anatomy Of A Misfit: International Migration Statistics

Author(s): Ahmad Wali Ahmad Yar,Tuba Bircan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Although many national states, international organisations e.g. the United Nations (UN), International Organisation for Migration (IOM), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and NGOs, have been collecting data on international migration, the gaps in data persisted for many decades. In the recent years, there have been, to some extent, improvements in the availability, quality and comparability of data on international migration [1]. The UN gathered and made the estimates of migrant stock disaggregated by age, sex, origin and destination available for over 230 countries and areas in the world, covering from 1990 to 2019 [2]. Additionally, the European Commission and the Council agreed on an action plan in 2005 to take measures to improve the common analysis of migratory phenomena in all their aspects such as reinforcing the collection, provision, exchange and efficient use of up to date information and data [3].

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A “Communitarianist” Approach To The Issue Of Migrations

Author(s): Orazio Maria Gnerre / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Despite the urgency of talking about such a burning and current issue as the human migrations, unfortunately the divisiveness of this topic makes a lucid examination very difficult. On the work plane there are so many of those factors that it is necessary to order them according to logical hierarchical scales in order to organize a sensible discourse. By doing this, the risk is that it appears that some structural elements may be more or less important than others, so the challenge becomes precisely the ability to cover the problem in its entirety without neglecting apparently secondary aspects.

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The Phenomenology Of Crimes Of Founding Slavery And Transportation Of Persons In Slavery In Republic Of North Macedonia: 2007-2018

Author(s): Blerta Arifi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

While migration is becoming a major issue in most of the countries in the last several years, Republic of North Macedonia has proven to be an important transit country along the Balkan migration route. The country currently uses one main detention facility, euphemistically labelled as the “Reception Centre for Foreigners,” as well as some ad hoc “transit” camps along its borders. Despite the harsh policies in this area with the aim of halting migration flow, during the last several years there have been evidenced a considerable number of cases of crimes which belong to the group of the “founding slavery and transportation of persons in slavery” which are incriminated in article 418 of the Criminal Code of Republic of Macedonia, in Chapter thirty four on the group of the “Criminal offences against humanity and international law”.This research paper reflects on and analyzes the criminal policy of Republic of North Macedonia on the illegal migration and other criminal offences related to this phenomenon, based on the explanation of the phenomenology of the types of these crimes, such as: Human trafficking (art.418-a); Smuggling of migrants (art.418-b); Organizing a group and instigating performance of crimes of human trafficking, trafficking of juveniles and migrants (art. 418-c); Abuse of visa-free regime with the member countries of the EU and the Schengen Agreement (art.418-e). This paper will reflect on the structure, dynamics and volume of the crimes mentioned above based on the official statistical data published by the State Statistical Office of the Republic of North Macedonia for the period of January 2007- December 2018. Additionally, this research attempts to reflect the real picture of the reported, accused and convicted perpetrators of the crimes which are subject of this research, as well as provide some detailed data analysis on indicators such as gender, age, the number and the type of the criminal offences during: 2007-2018, the type of the decision of the court, the type of the sentence applied.

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The Role Of Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora In Homeland Affairs

Author(s): Tulika Gaur / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora has increasingly become an important factor in national as well as international politics for a variety of reasons. Their activism has successfully established new power relations between Sri Lanka and the international community, particularly since the end of LTTE in the island. From continuously providing financial support to their families and people in their homeland to articulating their kin groups’ demands, the diaspora community has been a significant factor in shaping the narratives of Tamil nationalism in Sri Lanka. Being the most effective lobbying group, it has eventually succeeded in making the Tamil issue an international issue rather than a domestic one. Not only have they managed to bring the situations of the war zone in front of the international community, but also successfully exposed the status of Sri Lankan government’s attempts towards resolving the Tamil issue in the post-war era. Their activism has been a key factor in shaping the international community’s stand over the issue of Sri Lankan war and making their homeland government answerable to the entire international community for the injustice done to their kin groups. This indicates that the issue of justice for Tamils and policy making in the island will remain ineffective if the diaspora community is not made a part of it as the representative voice of the Tamils in Sri Lanka.

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Who Are The Immigrants In Norway?

Author(s): Minja Tea Dzamarija / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Migration related statistics and analyses are in high demand by government agencies, the media and the public at large. There are several reasons why it is important to have knowledge of the immigrants’ situation in Norway. Lack of knowledge can give rise to unfounded opinions and false presumptions in public debates on immigration issues, and grater knowledge of the immigrants’ background and living conditions can bring about a greater understanding between immigrants and other Norwegians. A solid base of knowledge is also important information for politicians when making important decisions that are of concern to immigrants and integration. The aim of the integration policy in Norway is to provide incentives and opportunities for participation in the workforce and in community life. The word ‘diversity’ pops up continually in public and social debates when issues such as immigration and immigrants are discussed. Based on the interest that society shows in immigrants and integration, it seems that issues related to diversity have become everyday topics of conversation in Norway. With 5.3 million inhabitants, Norway is a small country on a global scale, but we have one of the fastest growing populations in Europe, according to figures from Eurostat- the statistical office of the European Union. At the beginning of 1970, there were 59 000 immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents or 1.5 per cent of the Norwegian population. At the beginning of 2019, these groups had risen to 944 000 persons or 17.8 per cent of the population. Diversity is an appropriate word to describe the composition of the Norwegian population. As of 1 January 2019, Norway was home to immigrants with a background from a total of 220 countries and autonomous regions.

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The Culture Of Migration: A Case Study From Punjab

Author(s): Shweta Sinha Deshpande / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Migration does not take place in a social, cultural, political and institutional void (de Haas 2008). It is socially embedded and culturally informed within the transnational social field of the sending and receiving communities creating a ‘culture of migration’ embedding economic and cultural values to the aspiration and inclination of mobility (Glick-Schiller, Basch and Blanc, 1992; Levitt, 2001; Kandel and Massey, 2002; Jónsson, 2008). Transnational networks influence not just the life of immigrants but also the communities and countries of origin in all socio-cultural aspects including religion. It builds social fields in the form of social remittance that are transformed to social capital which is aspired by the non-migrant. The transnational experience of the non-migrant leads to new aspirations among individuals and families strengthening old traditions of migration, while also reinforcing new paths and destinations. This need to immerse and embrace the global cultural economy has resulted in the ‘culture of migration’ in the Doab region of Punjab over the last century. While there is an increase in the non-Jat, migrations out of Punjab, the opportunities are restricted for the unskilled to low paid and temporary jobs which are insecure and individualised. The unskilled aspirant with low social and financial capital takes the burden of limiting possibilities of mobility leading to a state of ‘involuntary immobility’ (Carling, 2002) within a culture of migration. The non-migrant while not moving spaces through physical mobility, is nevertheless engaged with changed contexts of living experiences and expectations. Migration literature however, does not account for the experiences of the non-migrant and the social fields that they engage with. For a complete understanding of the migration network, the paper presents an ethnographic account of the economic, social and psychological dimensions of the aspirant’s departure context outlining the negotiations and renegotiations with human and beyond human mechanisms further promoting a culture of mobility among populations. The current research adds to the Indian experience of transnationalism and the culture of migration in the region of Punjab by exploring the socio-economic and religious intersections of a population with a long tradition and history of migration. The work outlines a certain degree of emotional and psychological gravity that permeates the cultural and social space of the region through accounts of people’s aspirations, in context of the multi-million-dollar migration industry and the influence it has on the narratives established with media, employment and educational opportunities and everyday lived experiences including religion as a coping mechanism in dealing with the problems and hurdles of migration reiterating the global realities within localised fields.

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Transnationalism And Ecuadorean (Trans)Migration To The United States And Spain

Author(s): María-José Rivera / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper offers a comparative study from the Transnational Approach by means of an analysis of migration of Ecuadoreans to the USA and Spain. The methodology is based on Descriptive Comparative Politics, whose indicators, for this study, were migration flows, GDP growth rates, and political landmarks. Ecuadorean migration to the USA is characterised by a consistent economic transnationalism and an inconsistent socio-political transnationalism. As regards Ecuador-Spain migration, there is an inconsistent economic transnationalism and a consistent transnationalism for the socio-political dimension. The overall results evince the relevance of economic dimensions and that migrants’ agency must deal with South-North asymmetries.

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El Mercado Laboral De Los Inmigrantes Venezolanos Residentes En Ecuador Frente Al De Los Nativos

Author(s): Jessica Andrea Ordoñez Cuenca / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

En teoría, el incremento de la oferta laboral por una mayor inmigración produce un efecto negativo en el empleo y el salario de los nativos, no obstante, esto depende del nivel de cualificación de los inmigrantes. Se analiza el caso de Ecuador, país que es parte del corredor migratorio que va desde la República Bolivariana de Venezuela hacia Chile, en el cual por diferentes situaciones (económicas, familiares o por redes migratorias) algunos migrantes se han establecido de forma temporal o permanente en los países que se encuentran dentro del recorrido. El objetivo del estudio es estudiar el contexto de la inmigración de venezolanos en Ecuador en relación al efecto en el mercado laboral de los nativos determinado por el nivel de cualificación.

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Migración Internacional De Retorno Frente Al Covid-19 En Zacatecas 2020

Author(s): Dellanira Ruiz de Chávez Ramírez,Cristina Almeida Perales,Rodolfo García Zamora / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

En la coyuntura actual de la pandemia, el mundo se da cuenta que también el COVID19 es migrante, no reconoce fronteras, ni requiere visa y los migrantes en el mundo forman parte importante de la difusión del virus. Ahora que Estados Unidos tiene el epicentro de la pandemia y surge el riesgo de que los migrantes retornados por los impactos de la pandemia y la crisis económica en ese país se conviertan en portadores y aceleradores del virus al regresar en sus comunidades de origen, resulta muy necesaria una estrategia de organización y fortalecimiento comunitaria transnacional en salud para enfrentar de mejor manera al COVID 19 en términos de información, prevención, contención y manejo.

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Prácticas Transnacionales Y Remesas Sociales En La Migración Ecuatoriana 1995- 2020

Author(s): Lisseth Gordillo / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

A finales del siglo XX, Ecuador se vio afectado por dos grandes obstáculos, que desataron un problema económico estructural a nivel nacional. La dolarización, causó pérdidas económicas, devaluando súbitamente sus ahorros y depreciando su poder adquisitivo esto conllevó a desempleos masivos, afectando principalmente a las familias de clase media, y media baja, dándoles inestabilidad económica y perdida en su calidad de vida.

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El Inmigrante Mexicano Dentro De La Economía Estadounidense Y Mexicana

Author(s): Laura Natalia Rodríguez Ariano / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

Una de las variables explicativas de la emigración mexicana es la falta de empleo, la precarización del ingreso y la brecha del diferencial salarial entre México y Estados Unidos. A su vez, esto repercute en la economía mexicana, la disminución del salario estadounidense, el cual, constituye el salario mínimo que debería tener México para equilibrar los flujos migratorios y la economía del país, de esta forma más personas estarían demandando trabajo a nivel nacional. Dado lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación es evidenciar el papel del inmigrante mexicano en la economía de México y Estados Unidos dentro de la coyuntura actual.

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Del Transnacionalismo “Desde Arriba” Y “Desde Abajo” A Los Campos Sociales Transnacionales Como Herramienta Conceptual

Author(s): Pascual G. García Macías / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

En los últimos años han surgido un sinfín de estudios, artículos y publicaciones donde comenzaron a utilizar el concepto de transnacionalismo para describir prácticamente cualquier actividad o proceso que signifique algún traspaso entre fronteras. Guarnizo y Smith distinguieron en su libro “Transnacionalism from below” dos tipos de transnacionalismo uno llamado “desde abajo” que debemos entenderlo como un proceso que surge de las prácticas que realizan los transmigrantes en su vida cotidiana (Guarnizo y Smith, 1998). Son migrantes que mantienen lazos permanentes con su lugar de origen y destino, es decir, construyen su vida por medio de intercambios tangibles e intangibles, continuos y sostenidos a través y más allá de las fronteras nacionales. Una construcción proveniente desde “la base” o “desde abajo” es decir, promovido y/o concebido por los mismos migrantes, sociedad civil, organizaciones de migrantes, que crea numerosos tipos de actividades en los campos sociales transnacionales, comprendiendo una enorme gama de iniciativas políticas, económicas y culturales, que van desde negocios informales de exportación o/e importación, hasta campañas realizadas por movimientos sociales de la comunidad de origen, buscando apoyo para realizar determinadas actividades políticas entre los residentes en el país de acogida (Pries, 1999).

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The Japanese Asylum Policies: The Informal Asylum of Syrians in Japan

Author(s): Yahya Almasri / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Syrian conflict has caused a massive death toll, destruction, and one of the largest displacement crises since World War II. Since the outbreak of the war, a decade ago, millions of Syrians have embarked on desperate journeys in the hope of restarting their lives in safety. Approximately 6.6million Syrians escaped the horrors of war fleeing to neighboring countries;6.1 million became internally displaced, which is more than half of Syria's population, estimated at 22 million in 2010 (UNHCR 2020). Hundreds of Syrians have settled in Japan, a country with a rigid refugee system that effectively deters both fake and genuine asylum seekers. The refugee recognition rate in Japan has not exceeded 1% since 2011 (Japan Lawyer Network for Refugees 2020). Whether or not it was an informed decision for Syrians to seek protection in the East Asian archipelago, most of them have not applied for refugee status.

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Immigration Agents in Bahrain: An Exploration of the Immigration Policy Nexus

Author(s): Simeon S. Magliveras / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter explores the complex policy nexus, as described in the introduction to this book, to explain how transnational agents and immigration policy coexist. The study examines the actions of these various actors by scrutinizing the motivations of such agents who on the surface may appear to be motivated simply out of hopelessness or greed. Their actions are not so straight forward. The chapter focuses on a Filipina guest worker and her employer as agents in Bahrain within a complex immigration policy nexus. This work more generally illustrates that subjects of immigration policy are not are not merely moveable pawns of powerful states or mere units of production at the will of their employers. This chapter suggests that in actuality, they are agents who effect and are affected but their environments who make active choices within the system to reach their objectives as transnationals. This chapter finally suggests that immigration policy nexus and actions of the actors affect how policy becomes an agent of its own consequence.

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