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This article describes and analyses Polish diaspora policy changes in the years 2011–2015. Two decades after the rebirth of the Polonia policy in 1989, it was completely rebuilt. Emphasising values and Poland’s obligations towards the diaspora was replaced by paying more attention to the interests and profitability of this policy. The authors demonstrate how New Public Management (NPM) concepts influenced this shift. Analysis of two different sources – documents programming Polish diaspora policy and interviews with experts and persons designing the Polonia policy – confirmed that NPM principles influenced Polish diaspora policy on five dimensions: organisational restructuring, management instruments, budgetary reforms, participation, marketisation/privatisation.
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The present article will use the method of literary imagology in order to study the 21st-century Lithuanian and Latvian (e)migration literature and experiences in the context of racial, sexual, and cultural otherness. It will discusses marriage to a foreigner as something more than an official legitimation of one’s love for a person of other ethnicity, the introduction of foreignness into the world of one’s own culture, and the ideological penetration of the other into that which is inherited, ordinary and familiar. Provinciality, intolerance, and inability to admit and accept the Other or perceive oneself as a sexual Other remain an important part of Lithuanian and Latvian identity. In turn, emigrants in the host communities are a minority with counter-negative images, especially social ones.
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This article focused on the study of irregular “Donki” migration of refugees from South Asia to Greece in Europe. The study is based on the field survey which was conducted in August 2017 in Athens, Greece. The primary data was collected by method of qualitative study design. The finding of study show that “Donki” migration is associated with unauthorised migration of refugees from South Asia to Europe due to hopes of better life in Europe compared to South Asia. The “Donki” migration is synonyms with the hurdles and bravery in the views of South Asian refugees because South Asian refugees face political, economic and geographical challenges with psychological distress in the entire journey of migration from South Asia to Europe. This study encourages academics, researchers and policy makers to understand the meaning, determinants and consequences of “Donki” migration. It is hoped to be useful for better policies for management of the challenges faced by South Asian refugees in Europe.
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Trauma studies aims to construct an intellectual and ethical response to human suffering and their cultural and artistic representations. Trauma studies have inspired an array of disciplinary and interdisciplinary criticism that offer paradigms for understanding human behavior and coping strategies. Drawing on postcolonial trauma theory, this essay analyzes how Roberto G. Fernández in his novel Holy Radishes!i complicates and challenges existing trauma paradigms suggesting that existing European psychoanalytic origins of the trauma theory are not adequate for depicting Cuban trauma experience. The text focuses on the specificity of trauma that constructs meaning through considering social, historical, and cultural contexts of traumatic experience. In other words, the paper aims to break with Eurocentrism by analyzing the text that bears witness to the suffering caused by exile. Thus the paper aims to discuss the usefulness of trauma theory for understanding colonial trauma caused by forced migration, exile, dispossession, diaspora, and political violence.
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This article sets out to examine the ways in which the Irish diaspora and Irish women in the diaspora at the end of the twentieth century are represented in Emer Martin's novels Breakfast in Babylon (1995) and More Bread or I'll Appear (2000). The paper attempts to demonstrate that Martin's protagonists largely defy the traditional image of their ancestresses who emigrated from Ireland in search of a better life. Martin’s women break free from the Irish family, Ireland and their Catholic heritage, and acquire an identity of a „compulsive traveller“ who rather effortlessly travels around Europe and the world. The Irish diaspora in Martin’s fiction is related to all kinds of off-the-wall characters such as the homeless, squatters, or drug dealers living on the margins of society, and transvestites and hedonist gay priests who openly subvert traditional Irish values. The aim of the analysis is to show that the globalized world of Martin’s diaspora functions as the setting where Irish women migrants manage to escape control and authority that marked Irish society for a long period of time.
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The article is an introduction to the history of Polish Jews who, as a result of the agreement of the Polish and British Governments in 1942, landed in Jamaica, where they were placed in the in the Gibraltar internment camp. On their way to Jamaica, they were were under the impression that was the place where they could live and work as normally as possible. But the reality turned out to be disappointing, something that was reflected in letters of the interned which were sent to Ignacy Schwarzbart attached to this text, member of the National Council of the Republic of Poland in exile.
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Subsequent remarks reflect the attempt to shed some light on the integration problems of a specific group of persons in Germany - youthful repatriates from the USSR - and thus to make them under-standable to a larger group of people. The report should not only convey impressions, but also analyze the results obtained. At least it understands himself as a contribution to this discussion. The material presented here is not representative in the statistical sense. It remains questionable whether the problematic field addressed here can be tackled with conventional empirical-analytical methods. Atta-ched appear techniques that have been developed in action research. But here is not the place for method-critical considerations.
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The paper focuses on the social situation and social practices of female care migrants (at the age of 50 and above) from the South Moravia (the region of Mikulov, Břeclav) who migrate for work to Austria as domestic workers-caregivers for seniors at regular intervals (circular migration). The main aim of the text is to argue that translocal female migrants paradoxically perceive their labour migration as a specific form of emancipation, despite the fact that they work in the so-called live-in-service jobs (where they live and work in private households) and often experience indignity. While in Austria they work in gendered and very demanding jobs with low wages, circular care migration provides them with the possibility to extend their gender power in the transforming Czech society. There is thus a paradox in that while they are marginalized in Austria, they are empowered on the Czech side of the border. This is achieved through paid reproductive work and better access to income, which leads to personal consumption based on their own interests and overall personal benefit. Special attention is paid to new forms of translocal care chains and new forms of these women’s partner cohabitation (living apart together).
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Yurii Kosach Poet, writer, and dramatist; nephew of Lesia Ukrainka; grandson of Olena Pchilka. After graduating from the Academic Gymnasium of Lviv, Kosach studied law at Warsaw University. He began publishing short stories in student newspapers in 1927. Between 1928 and 1929 he published most of his works in the nationalist journal Literaturno-naukovyi vistnyk edited by Dmytro Dontsov after he had broken off his relations with Dontsov in 1929. After the war he lived in displaced persons camps in Germany and was an active member of the writers’ organization MUR. In 1949 he immigrated to the United States. By far the largest and most interesting body of work is Kosach’s prose, written prior to his emigration to the United States and then in the last decade of his life, first of all Enei ta zhyttia inshykh (Aeneas and the Lives of Others, 1947) where he argued the issues of new Ukrainian culture with so called “lost generation”.
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Date: November 20-22, 1997 Place: Belgrade - Sremski Karlovci
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The article shows the migratory processes of the early Modern times on the example of the Giglies – an Italian family the representatives of which locate in the English kingdom from the first half of the 15th century. Noted are both the appeal of England to the Italian intelligentsia, and extensive cross-cultural and international communications in the court environment of the studied period.
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The article explores a little-known episode of the joint anti-fascist struggle of Russian emigrants and Soviet citizens on the French Island of Oléron during the Second World War. In the fall of 1943, the Germans began to transfer Eastern Wehrmacht troops, formed from Soviet citizens, to France. In the spring of 1944, one of the companies of these Eastern Wehrmacht troops arrived on the island of Oléron to guard the Atlantic coast. At that time, a group of Russian emigrants headed by V.B.Sosinskiy and V.L.Andreev lived on the island, and they decided to get to know the Soviet soldiers who had arrived there. Freed from German captivity, Sosinskiy decided to form a partisan group from these soldiers, which, after the first sabotage operation, officially became part of the French Resistance. Sosinskiy’s group, initially collecting only intelligence data, soon began active sabotage actions, which seriously reduced the combat capability of the local German garrison and allowed the Allies to quickly liberate the island during its assault at the end of the war. The soldiers were convicted after they returned home, but after returning to civilian life, they were rehabilitated with the help of immigrants.
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The highly qualified migration is the desired migration all around the world in 21st century. Attracting back and retaining the highly qualified specialists becomes a policy for many countries with recent emigration history. The study explores the motivation factors and professional trajectories of young highly qualified Bulgarians who returned to Bulgaria in the years around 2010, comparing and analysing the answers of the interviewees conducted one to three years upon their return with their current situation 10 years later. The study is qualitative based on semi-structured interviews and its core value lies in its longitudinal character and the possibility to review the interviewees’ situation in a longer time span. The paper focusеs on: sustainability of the return: are the highly qualified returnees still in Bulgaria; professional realization: how their professional trajectories have developed through time; other factors of sustainable return: what keeps them in Bulgaria beside the professional realization and civil activism: to what extend returnees participate in different forms of civil initiatives. As main conclusions and factors for sustainable return stand out the development of the economy and the possibilities for innovations, the realization of new professional niches along with the social factors of taking care of own family and/or older parents/relatives.
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This paper is about borders and about the culture of those who live by the border. Lead by the goal to determine, as precisely as possible, the space of their security and complete freedom, all living beings try to limit their world, and it has multiple consequences. One of them is the crea tion of various, both visible and invisible, borders. Every life, as well as existence and life in general, is marked by at least two borders: birth and death. All human borders are relative and transient, except for death as the border of life, and that is why we perceive it not as something human, but as something absolutely anti-human. Apart from the drive to possess a territory, togetherness also re quires borders. A border in the name of the collective, or a community, is always founded on some difference between that and other commu nities. That difference is always proclaimed to be important, if not the most important, although it can be entirely symbolic in its nature. As a rule, borders are seen as something dangerous, unpleasant and unsafe, so everyone tries to cross them as quickly as possible. One stays at the border only if he has to, and only while he has to. Space at the border is the space where a crisis is always expected, and that makes it not only the space of bigger or lesser, but also of perpetual virtual crisis. Therefore, there is not much investment in the border and border areas, so the border spaces are frequently poorer than they should be. 24 The border is not just a narrow imagined line, as jurists and pol iticians tend to present it. It is also an elastically defined space around a formally permanent, but actually very swiveling line. This movability of the border is its very important and permanent feature, which is usu ally not recognized by those who established the border, and empha sized by those who want to remake it. The whole is protected at the border. More precisely, the whole would not exist without the border. The border extends to the point where someone’s power of possession is indisputable. No one, on either side of the border, is too small or hopelessly weak, because if they were, there would be no border. The border is established between the dissimilar. It is not only the end, but also a beginning, more precisely, it is the end of one’s world and the beginning of someone else’s. Although we tend to favor everything that is ours, and to, in the name of our own safety and other benefits see the end of our own space as the end of everything safe and good, the border is not the place where something ends, but where something begins, and that something can be good as well. Therefore the border is the point of encounter, as much as of conflict.
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The paper presents a discussion on the chronological indicators and features of the latest complexes of Frontovoye-3 burial ground (Nakhimovsky district, Sevastopol). This cemetery appeared around the end of the 1st century AD; it was completely investigated in 2018 (328 graves of the Roman time). The latest finds (some types of elements of belt sets, a glass cup with blue blobs) are dated around the beginning of the 5th century. In the extreme South-West of the burial ground, three groups of graves of the last quarter of the 4th — beginning of the 5th century have been distinguished. Similar date is represented by a number of other burial places of the South-Western and Piedmont Crimea. Obviously, the appearance of the Huns to the West of the Don (in 375 AD at the latest) and the resulting migrations had not initially affected the Crimea. Cemeteries of the settled population of the Piedmont Crimea and a number of cemeteries in the South-Western Crimea cease to function in the late 4th or early 5th century AD. Some of this population moved to the Southern coast of the Crimea, while the other founded several new cemeteries in the South-West Crimea.
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Purpose: highlighting the financial regulation of migration processes in Ukraine in context of European integration on the basis of analyzing their current state and trends according to the new Strategy of the State Migration Policy.Methodology: system structural approach, methods of observation and generalization, method of logical analysis, method of graphical analysis, method of comparison, method of abstraction, method of analogies.Results: on the basis of Ukraine-EU migration processes analysis and their regulation in European integration framework, the priorities of migration processes financial regulation are proposed corresponding the most urgent challenges for Ukraine in the sphere of international migration.Practical implications: further research of the problems of foreign economic activity financial regulation, particularly at the level of international economic relations in context of globalization and Ukraine’s European integration; education process including preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and manuals for the courses “Finance”, “International Economics”.Conclusions: the EU today is the most attractive region for Ukrainian migrants. In context of Ukraine’s European integration in 2014-2017 there is a strong trend for migration flows towards emigration, mostly labour one. Ukrainian labor migration by its size and profile does not correspond to the national interests, as economically active population lives Ukraine for the EU. A threatening trend is the gradual transformation of labor migration into a permanent one. This requires developing an adequate system of measures for the regulation of migration processes within the framework of migration policy with its priority towards depopulation reducing. The financial regulation measures proposed, including liquidation of financial system imbalance in the country, attraction of direct investments into the economy, formation of investment resources in the social sphere, tax system reforming, inflation regulation, the financing of social programs for internally displaced persons, influence migration processes indirectly through social standards. They are aimed at improving the migration climate, which should help to limit the population migration from Ukraine. The financial instruments used to return Ukrainian migrants to their homeland are based on the provision of various financial benefits for re-immigrants. Financial regulation of migration processes should be carried out in combination with other methods of regulation within the framework of the state migration policy.
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Introduction. The authors investigate the issue of developing civil identity in Russian society. The aim of the research is to identify the characteristic features of developing civil (Russian) identity in migrant children while maintaining their ethnic identity. Materials and Methods. The study involved a theoretical analysis of scholarly literature on the formation of civil (Russian) identity in migrant children while maintaining their ethnic identity. The authors employed the following theoretical research methods: comparison, generalization and system analysis. Results. The results of the analysis of Russian and international literature on the research problem have been summarized. The authors have clarified the concepts of “civil identity”, “migrant children”, and “formation of civil identity in migrant children”. The factors contributing to the effective integration of migrant children and developing their civil identity are revealed. The most important approaches to the effective formation of civil identity in migrant children in Russian society are identified and characterized. Conclusions. The analysis of scholarly literature presented in this review has revealed fragmentary results concerning formation of civil (Russian) identity in migrant children while preserving their ethnic identity.Introduction. The authors investigate the issue of developing civil identity in Russian society. The aim of the research is to identify the characteristic features of developing civil (Russian) identity in migrant children while maintaining their ethnic identity.Materials and Methods. The study involved a theoretical analysis of scholarly literature on the formation of civil (Russian) identity in migrant children while maintaining their ethnic identity. The authors employed the following theoretical research methods: comparison, generalization and system analysis. Results. The results of the analysis of Russian and international literature on the research problem have been summarized. The authors have clarified the concepts of “civil identity”, “migrant children”, and “formation of civil identity in migrant children”. The factors contributing to the effective integration of migrant children and developing their civil identity are revealed. The most important approaches to the effective formation of civil identity in migrant children in Russian society are identified and characterized. Conclusions. The analysis of scholarly literature presented in this review has revealed fragmentary results concerning formation of civil (Russian) identity in migrant children while preserving their ethnic identity.Introduction. The authors investigate the issue of developing civil identity in Russian society. The aim of the research is to identify the characteristic features of developing civil (Russian) identity in migrant children while maintaining their ethnic identity.Materials and Methods. The study involved a theoretical analysis of scholarly literature on the formation of civil (Russian) identity in migrant children while maintaining their ethnic identity. The authors employed the following theoretical research methods: comparison, generalization and system analysis. Results. The results of the analysis of Russian and international literature on the research problem have been summarized. The authors have clarified the concepts of “civil identity”, “migrant children”, and “formation of civil identity in migrant children”. The factors contributing to the effective integration of migrant children and developing their civil identity are revealed. The most important approaches to the effective formation of civil identity in migrant children in Russian society are identified and characterized. Conclusions. The analysis of scholarly literature presented in this review has revealed fragmentary results concerning formation of civil (Russian) identity in migrant children while preserving their ethnic identity.Introduction. The authors investigate the issue of developing civil identity in Russian society. The aim of the research is to identify the characteristic features of developing civil (Russian) identity in migrant children while maintaining their ethnic identity.Materials and Methods. The study involved a theoretical analysis of scholarly literature on the formation of civil (Russian) identity in migrant children while maintaining their ethnic identity. The authors employed the following theoretical research methods: comparison, generalization and system analysis. Results. The results of the analysis of Russian and international literature on the research problem have been summarized. The authors have clarified the concepts of “civil identity”, “migrant children”, and “formation of civil identity in migrant children”. The factors contributing to the effective integration of migrant children and developing their civil identity are revealed. The most important approaches to the effective formation of civil identity in migrant children in Russian society are identified and characterized. Conclusions. The analysis of scholarly literature presented in this review has revealed fragmentary results concerning formation of civil (Russian) identity in migrant children while preserving their ethnic identity.
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Although the European migrant crisis has not finished, it is rarely on the front pages, with only occasional reminders that it is still present. In this way, the stories of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers remained out of public focus, although they were numerous in time when the crisis was at its peak. By using quantitative and qualitative content analysis, the authors researched the ways in which migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are highlighted as individuals on the front pages of Serbian daily newspapers (Politika, Danas, Večernje novosti, Blic, Kurir, Alo and Informer) between the beginning of 2015 and the end of the first half of 2018, as well as how the image about them in this context was upgraded, confirmed or changed. During the research, two directions were clearly noticed - indicating a humanitarian character on the one hand and a security aspect on the other. The results also point to the difference between the dominant narratives in the tabloids and in the quality press. Unlike the sensationalist discourse in tabloids, mixed with fear and panic, or a quick excitement of the readers, quality press is developing the human aspect of the migrant crisis, with elements of critical research.
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Review of: "Proceedings of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian emigration, published in Czechoslovakia in 1918 - 1945." (Bibliography with biographical data about authors) m. I, part 1-3. Prague 1996 by: Ivan P . Savickij
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