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"Kretanje" nepokretne imovine beogradskih Jevreja kao posledica Holokausta

Author(s): Haris Dajč,Maja Vasiljević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2014

The focus of this research is the process of arianization of the immovable Jewish property in Belgrade and its fate in the post war years. The introduction is focused on the life of Belgrade Jews in the prewar years, first Antisemitic laws and discrimination of Belgrade Jews. In a course of the few months and years once equal citizens lost their jobs and positions. The worst happened after the German occupation in April 1941. the new authorities made lists of all Belgrade Jews and all of their property. After the Holocaust there were less than 15% of Belgrade Jews left with just scratches of their prewar ossessions. The new Yugoslavia did not help much economical situation of its Jewish citizens, the mechanics of keeping as state property the immovable property that was taken as the result of the Holocaust, remained strong and constant in the decades following 1945. The 4 different case studies describe different cases of nationalization of the Jewish property by the Yugoslav state. Outcome in all of the 4 cases was the same and although the old owners were accepted as the Nazi victims their property was still the property of the old Belgrade bourgeoisie. That is the reason why the Holocaust in Belgrade and its consequences were so devastating and one of the answers why once big and prosperous Jewish community of Belgrade could not escape hard post war years.

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"Palestyna leje wodę…" Sztuki wizualne a pogromy i wystąpienia antyżydowskie w latach 1914–1920

Author(s): Artur Tanikowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2019

Authors of paintings, drawings or graphics on pogrom themes, representing various generations, art schools, stylistic tendencies, political views and social status, have rarely witnessed commented events. They visualized them based on various reports in the press, comments from survivors, their own imagination, and finally iconographic formulas that have been popularized for years. If, based on known works, we were tempted to arrange a narrative coherent scenario of pogroms, it would have to start with „pogrom shouts”, presenting the ominous pre-pogrom atmosphere, justifying the events in the opinion of their author (Pobóg-Rossowski), in terms of politics, religion and society. Such images are extremely rare. The lithograph showing the perspective of would-be victims who are preparing for self-defense (Wachtel) is quite unique in this group.Much more often, the artists presented scenes of the actual pogrom – destruction of the victims’ belongings, burning their homes, hiding, murdering, and much less often rapes. Pogrom by Wojciech Weiss is an outstanding phenomenon in this group of works. Within these episodes there are scenes of escape of would-be victims trying to save themselves (some Pann’s lithographs). They should be clearly distinguished from images of post-fire exiles, because their images are already in the last, perhaps the most numerous group, which can be described as the consequences of pogroms or their effects. This iconography includes views of retinue and cemeteries.In the collection of pogrom and post-pogrom art there is a separate, important episode – Christological discourse. The introduction of the figure of the Nazarene into the pogrom landscape gave artists room for painting or graphic commentaries of the political, social and religious background. They took on a tone of accusation of perpetrators (Christians, Russians, Ukrainians, Poles), but also clear directions include the only way of ending misery for many Jews, i.e. Zionism (Rubin). Jewish Christ, confronted with Ahasver, the Wandering Jew, or even identified with him, instead of being a cause of Jewish misfortunes became a victim of the followers’ bonds, a victim with which it was easier to identify.It is impossible today to fully catalogue the artistic narratives about the Jewish pogroms of the First World War, the October Revolution and the time that followed just after both bloody conflicts, when the Polish-Ukrainian struggle over Lviv and the Polish-Bolshevik war took place. The events commented on by the artists are part of a long string of anti-Jewish repression, including the ones more than a decade earlier, to mention the pogroms in Chisinau and Gomel (1903) as well as those in Żytomierz and Odessa (1905). They found their commentators in the field of visual arts, who at the beginning of the 20th century created compositional and iconographic schemes, later inspiring their younger.

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"Rabovačky" v závere prvej svetovej vojny a ich ohlas na medzivojnovom Slovensku

Author(s): Miloslav Szabó / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2015

In the last days of the First World War soldiers returning home, along with civilians, attacked representatives of the Hungarian state and wealthy individuals, especially Jews. They expelled them from their homes and looted them, or they simply destroyed their property. In some places regular Hungarian troops executed the leaders of these rioters. This study seeks to offer an alternative to the prevailing interpretation of the looting, which emphasize the social or ethnic motivations of the economically and nationally oppressed Slovak rioters. Instead, it examines the reversal of the perpetrators and victims that was carried out not only immediately after the looting had occurred, but repeatedly throughout the whole interwar period. This is to be seen as an expression of the growing anti-Semitism, because the Jews were ultimately accused of the murder of allegedly innocent Slovaks.

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(Auto)analityczny opis przypadku. Wspomnienia Izydora Sadgera o Zygmuncie Freudzie

(Auto)analityczny opis przypadku. Wspomnienia Izydora Sadgera o Zygmuncie Freudzie

Author(s): Agnieszka Więckiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 35/2019

The article presents an analysis of Freud’s early biography written by Isidor Isaak Sadger, one of his earliest students. The author argues that Sigmund Freud. Persönliche Erinnerungen bonds together different literary genres such as biography, autobiography and pathography, thus allowing for studying the impact of life-writing literature on psychoanalysis. The first part of the article is devoted to the relation between introspection, auto-analysis and everyday writing practices of Freud and his students. In the second part, the author presents unknown facts from Sadger’s history in the psychoanalytic movement and reads his biography as an example of a heterogeneous literary genre where he becomes a writer-biographer and a doctor-autobiographer simultaneously.

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(Re)konstruowanie narracji – działanie w przestrzeni publicznej – edukacja. Postpamięć zagłady Żydów lubelskich: studium przypadku

(Re)konstruowanie narracji – działanie w przestrzeni publicznej – edukacja. Postpamięć zagłady Żydów lubelskich: studium przypadku

Author(s): Marta Kubiszyn / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 65/2020

Although originally the term ‘post-memory’ referred to the experiences and memories of the survivors that influenced the biographies of their children, in the following years its meaning was extended and the concept started to be used to describe the processes of transmitting the memory of any traumatic experience within any group, not necessarily bound by blood. In the case of Lublin, where one third of the pre-war community consisted of Jews, most of whom were murdered during World War II, the position of non-Jewish vicarious witnesses seems to be particularly important. This article discusses some aspects of the Holocaust post-memory discourse referring to the cultural activities of the ‘Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre’ Centre. Research questions will concern the artistic language and means of expression of these projects as well as the aesthetic codes that are being used by vicarious witnesses.

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1848-49 a magyar zsidóság életében
7.00 €

1848-49 a magyar zsidóság életében

Author(s): / Language(s): Hungarian

The outstanding Hungarian humanist, Jenő Zsoldos has worked as the director of the Jewish Secondary School for Girls in Budapest. Three years after the Holocaust he has edited the publication “1848-49 in the Life of the Hungarian Jews” on the occasion of the Centenary of the Hungarian revolution 1948-1949. This revised edition is published on the occasion of the 150years anniversary of the revolution

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1952–1953 metų antisemitinė kampanija Sovietų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjungoje

1952–1953 metų antisemitinė kampanija Sovietų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjungoje

Author(s): Kastytis Antanaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 65/2016

The anti-Semitism of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin became, at the beginning of the Cold War, an anti-Semitic paranoia and took on the most radical form during the campaign against Western influence on Soviet society. Soon after the destruction of the Jewish Antifascist Committee, the Doctors’ Plot campaign was launched at the end of 1952; it soon became a perfect basis for blaming all Jews as disloyal to the Soviet regime. In the republics of the USSR the local Communist leaders supported the anti-Semitic campaign in Moscow with allegations about Jewish medical crimes at the local level.Despite much circumstantial evidence and many testimonies there still is no strong basis for the conclusion that the anti-Semitic campaign of 1952-1953 would soon turn into a large-scale repression campaign or wholesale genocide of the Jewish population in the USSR, but the clear anti-Jewish policy and the Soviet practice of the mass repression of nations leaves little doubt that the Soviet society was mentally prepared for the deportation of Jews to Siberia. The Soviet regime practiced constant archive purge campaigns, and documents about politically sensitive issues or regime crime were destroyed on a regular basis. Despite all regime efforts, some traces of anti-Semitic campaign preparation, control, and coordination may be found not in the central state institutions of the USSR but in the Communist Party archives of the republics. At the republican level Communist party Central Committees some top secret documents of the anti-Semitic campaign of 1953 were preserved in specific archive units, the so-called Osobaja Papka.In the USSR the reports of local party leaders to Moscow always described never-existing enthusiastic popular support for Soviet policies; thus the true scale of anti-Semitism in society can’t be determined on the basis of such sources. But they demonstrate that local Soviet institutions supported the spread of anti-Semitism during the infamous Doctors’ Plot campaign of 1953. They also permit the conclusion that any anti-Semitic campaign would not be limited to negative propaganda and at least part of Soviet society was ready to accept some repression of Jews.Joseph Stalin’s death in 1953 put an early end to the anti-Semitic campaign. Soon Stalin’s political heirs quashed charges against the doctors and even punished a few distinguished instigators of the campaign, but there was no official and public condemnation of that anti-Semitic campaign. Thereupon anti-Semitism became less aggressive but still remained very strong in the USSR.

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1968 Is Not What It Used to Be
20.00 €
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1968 Is Not What It Used to Be

Author(s): Irena Grudzińska-Gross / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/2019

The article presents the chronology of the events of 1968 in Poland and reviews their past and present interpretations. The perspective is that of a participant in the events and an engaged scholar. Eight versions of what happened are discussed, including those of conspiracy and provocation. The change in focus of the 1968 anniversary celebrations from exclusively Polish to predominantly Jewish is also analyzed.

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50°31’29.7”N 22°46’39.1”E 50°30’56.2”N 22°46’01.0”E 50°30’41.0”N 22°45’49.5”E

50°31’29.7”N 22°46’39.1”E 50°30’56.2”N 22°46’01.0”E 50°30’41.0”N 22°45’49.5”E

Author(s): Dominika Macocha / Language(s): English / Issue: 9/2020

This richly illustrated text is a descriptive introduction to Dominika Macocha’s video-sculptural installation, detailing the idea behind the work, the process of its creation, and its suggested interpretations. The file is concluded with a link to the film The Mystery of Forest Lakelet.

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75. rocznica akcji „Reinhardt”

75. rocznica akcji „Reinhardt”

Author(s): Dariusz Libionka,Jacek Leociak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 13/2017

W nocy z 16 na 17 marca 1942 r. o godzinie 22.00 getto w Lublinie zostało otoczone przez SS i formacje pomocnicze1. Na zaciemnionych ulicach włączono oświetlenie. Przedstawiciele Policji Bezpieczeństwa zakomunikowali zebranym pospiesznie członkom Judenratu decyzję o przesiedleniu większości mieszkańców, wyjąwszy posiadaczy wydanych tydzień wcześniej kart pracy. Mieli oni zostać przeniesieni do wydzielonej części getta. Pozostali mieli podlegać deportacji. Wszelkie próby uchylania się od wywózki miały być karane śmiercią. Z miejsca przystąpiono do realizacji tego planu. Oprawcy wdzierali się do mieszkań, wypędzając zdezorientowanych Żydów na ulice. Zastrzelono kilkadziesiąt osób, a 1500 zapędzono na rampę kolejową.

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A befejezetlen küldetés

A befejezetlen küldetés

Jan Skarskiról

Author(s): András Pályi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2017

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A botcsinálta óvónő

A botcsinálta óvónő

Author(s): Mihály Vajda / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2-3/2020

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A Case of Successful Transitional Justice

A Case of Successful Transitional Justice

Fritz Bauer and his Late Recognition in the Federal Republic of Germany

Author(s): Jakub Gortat / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Germany is an example of a country which has been implementing transitional justice for decades and is still active in this field. What is more, contemporary Germans have recently come to terms with their not-so-distant past and their negligence in this area by showing the falsehood, backwardness, and injustice as negative foundations of the young Federal Republic. This article evokes the person of Fritz Bauer, the prosecutor in the state of Hessen. His struggle for human dignity and the memory of his achievements after his death exemplify an accomplished case of transitional justice and the memory of it. During his lifetime he contributed to bringing to trial numerous Nazi criminals, even at the cost of habitual threats and disregard. Forgotten for a few decades, Bauer and his legacy have been recently rediscovered and studied. Eventually, Bauer became a movie character and was finally brought back to the collective memory of Germans. The belated, but a well-deserved wave of popularity of Fritz Bauer in the German culture memory proves that reflections on the transitional justice are still topical and important.

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A Different Perspective on Innovation in Holocaust Studies

A Different Perspective on Innovation in Holocaust Studies

Author(s): Anna Corsten / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

When talking about the emergence of Holocaust studies as an academic field in the 1960s and 1970s, we often look at its development from a male perspective by focussing on the academic positions, honours, and the success of books. Thus, women are often excluded from this perspective since they chose different paths due to their career options and gender expectations at that time. Many female scholars therefore sought other possibilities to study the Holocaust, for example through teaching. In this article, I will look at the role played particularly by women but also male scholars through teaching Holocaust studies.

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A document of Securitate about the Iaşi (Jassy)  Anti-Jews Pogrom (26-29 June 1941)
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A document of Securitate about the Iaşi (Jassy) Anti-Jews Pogrom (26-29 June 1941)

Author(s): Corvin Lupu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

The author brings in attention a declaration given after the Second World War by Traian Borcescu, one of the most important heads of the Romanian Secret Service (S.S.I.) about the circumstances of the murder of thousands of Jews in Iași, on 26-29-th of June 1941. Traian Borcescu is an important memorialist in this case because he was one of those chiefs of the Secret Service who knew and encouraged the complot against the Chief of State, Ion Antonescu. So he is not one of those memorialists who tried to exculpate marshal Antonescu. The document shows a memorialist who tried to tell the truth, after many years after the Second World War, after many years of detension, in a perioad of his life in which he had nothing to win or to lose telling the truth. Explaining the whole context of the event, Traian Borcescu brings important arguments that the murder of the Jews in Iași was planned by the German SS officers and brings their ”arguments” to do these crimes.

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A few considerations on strategies of remembrance using the world wide web: fragments of 1944

A few considerations on strategies of remembrance using the world wide web: fragments of 1944

Author(s): Dan Alexandru Savoaia / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2018

In a world where the position of historians is increasingly more complex to delineate and characterize, the World Wide Web represents a medium where history and histories are being written, restored or interpreted on a daily basis. Faced with the tremendousness of this space and their intrinsic liability to infinite obliviousness, events and places of the past are still waiting to be uncovered. But how can one draw the attention to history and bring the 'voices' of the people into the digital age whilst using community-created content in a coherent manner? Given this framework, it is the aim of my paper to analyze two projects that aspire at engaging people with history: 'Yellow-star house project' and 'A mate from the past. 1944 LIVE'. My analysis is based on the interpretative structure proposed by Suzanna K. Conrad, according to which digital stories have multiple purposes. While referring to the projects' context, audience and message, the current contribution focuses on two aspects, namely outreach-activism and the practice of digital storytelling as a way of archiving history.

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A GÖRÖG ANTISZEMITA IRODALOM EGYIPTOMI VONULATÁHOZ

Author(s): Rita Kopeczky / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1-2/2005

The Jewish people came into view of the Greek world in the time of Alexander the Great. The Greeks fitted the newly discovered people into the notion of „barbarian philosophy”. In Ptolemaic Egypt, Jews and Greeks could live side by side without serious problems. Neither can anti-Semitism be discovered in the literature of the age, aside from a few commonplaces. The beginnings of „Greek antiSemitic literature” are mostly connected to Egyptian priestly circles. In the works of Hellenized authors coming from these circles, there appear some motifs of a tradition of ancient religious conflicts between Egyptians and Jews. Apion is the author in whose work the threads of Greek discourse of barbarism, of the Egyptian inversion of the Exodus narrative, and of daily political tensions between Jews and Greeks.

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A gyűlölet tana. Antiszemita olvasókönyvek a német iskolákban

A gyűlölet tana. Antiszemita olvasókönyvek a német iskolákban

Author(s): Ákos Béresi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

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A holokauszt mint narratíva

A holokauszt mint narratíva

Author(s): János Kőbányai / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

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A holokauszt örök kérdése: miért épp a németek és miért épp a zsidókat?

A holokauszt örök kérdése: miért épp a németek és miért épp a zsidókat?

Author(s): Steven E. Aschheim / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2-3/2020

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