"Kretanje" nepokretne imovine beogradskih Jevreja kao posledica Holokausta

Author(s): Haris Dajc,Maja Vasiljevic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2014

The focus of this research is the process of arianization of the immovable Jewish property in Belgrade and its fate in the post war years. The introduction is focused on the life of Belgrade Jews in the prewar years, first Antisemitic laws and discrimination of Belgrade Jews. In a course of the few months and years once equal citizens lost their jobs and positions. The worst happened after the German occupation in April 1941. the new authorities made lists of all Belgrade Jews and all of their property. After the Holocaust there were less than 15% of Belgrade Jews left with just scratches of their prewar ossessions. The new Yugoslavia did not help much economical situation of its Jewish citizens, the mechanics of keeping as state property the immovable property that was taken as the result of the Holocaust, remained strong and constant in the decades following 1945. The 4 different case studies describe different cases of nationalization of the Jewish property by the Yugoslav state. Outcome in all of the 4 cases was the same and although the old owners were accepted as the Nazi victims their property was still the property of the old Belgrade bourgeoisie. That is the reason why the Holocaust in Belgrade and its consequences were so devastating and one of the answers why once big and prosperous Jewish community of Belgrade could not escape hard post war years.

"Rabovačky" v závere prvej svetovej vojny a ich ohlas na medzivojnovom Slovensku

Author(s): Miloslav Szabó / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2015

In the last days of the First World War soldiers returning home, along with civilians, attacked representatives of the Hungarian state and wealthy individuals, especially Jews. They expelled them from their homes and looted them, or they simply destroyed their property. In some places regular Hungarian troops executed the leaders of these rioters. This study seeks to offer an alternative to the prevailing interpretation of the looting, which emphasize the social or ethnic motivations of the economically and nationally oppressed Slovak rioters. Instead, it examines the reversal of the perpetrators and victims that was carried out not only immediately after the looting had occurred, but repeatedly throughout the whole interwar period. This is to be seen as an expression of the growing anti-Semitism, because the Jews were ultimately accused of the murder of allegedly innocent Slovaks.

1848-49 a magyar zsidóság életében

Author(s): / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 1998

The outstanding Hungarian humanist, Jenő Zsoldos has worked as the director of the Jewish Secondary School for Girls in Budapest. Three years after the Holocaust he has edited the publication “1848-49 in the Life of the Hungarian Jews” on the occasion of the Centenary of the Hungarian revolution 1948-1949. This revised edition is published on the occasion of the 150years anniversary of the revolution

1952–1953 metų antisemitinė kampanija Sovietų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjungoje

Author(s): Kastytis Antanaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 65/2016

The anti-Semitism of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin became, at the beginning of the Cold War, an anti-Semitic paranoia and took on the most radical form during the campaign against Western influence on Soviet society. Soon after the destruction of the Jewish Antifascist Committee, the Doctors’ Plot campaign was launched at the end of 1952; it soon became a perfect basis for blaming all Jews as disloyal to the Soviet regime. In the republics of the USSR the local Communist leaders supported the anti-Semitic campaign in Moscow with allegations about Jewish medical crimes at the local level.Despite much circumstantial evidence and many testimonies there still is no strong basis for the conclusion that the anti-Semitic campaign of 1952-1953 would soon turn into a large-scale repression campaign or wholesale genocide of the Jewish population in the USSR, but the clear anti-Jewish policy and the Soviet practice of the mass repression of nations leaves little doubt that the Soviet society was mentally prepared for the deportation of Jews to Siberia. The Soviet regime practiced constant archive purge campaigns, and documents about politically sensitive issues or regime crime were destroyed on a regular basis. Despite all regime efforts, some traces of anti-Semitic campaign preparation, control, and coordination may be found not in the central state institutions of the USSR but in the Communist Party archives of the republics. At the republican level Communist party Central Committees some top secret documents of the anti-Semitic campaign of 1953 were preserved in specific archive units, the so-called Osobaja Papka.In the USSR the reports of local party leaders to Moscow always described never-existing enthusiastic popular support for Soviet policies; thus the true scale of anti-Semitism in society can’t be determined on the basis of such sources. But they demonstrate that local Soviet institutions supported the spread of anti-Semitism during the infamous Doctors’ Plot campaign of 1953. They also permit the conclusion that any anti-Semitic campaign would not be limited to negative propaganda and at least part of Soviet society was ready to accept some repression of Jews.Joseph Stalin’s death in 1953 put an early end to the anti-Semitic campaign. Soon Stalin’s political heirs quashed charges against the doctors and even punished a few distinguished instigators of the campaign, but there was no official and public condemnation of that anti-Semitic campaign. Thereupon anti-Semitism became less aggressive but still remained very strong in the USSR.

75. rocznica akcji „Reinhardt”

Author(s): Dariusz Libionka,Jacek Leociak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 13/2017

W nocy z 16 na 17 marca 1942 r. o godzinie 22.00 getto w Lublinie zostało otoczone przez SS i formacje pomocnicze1. Na zaciemnionych ulicach włączono oświetlenie. Przedstawiciele Policji Bezpieczeństwa zakomunikowali zebranym pospiesznie członkom Judenratu decyzję o przesiedleniu większości mieszkańców, wyjąwszy posiadaczy wydanych tydzień wcześniej kart pracy. Mieli oni zostać przeniesieni do wydzielonej części getta. Pozostali mieli podlegać deportacji. Wszelkie próby uchylania się od wywózki miały być karane śmiercią. Z miejsca przystąpiono do realizacji tego planu. Oprawcy wdzierali się do mieszkań, wypędzając zdezorientowanych Żydów na ulice. Zastrzelono kilkadziesiąt osób, a 1500 zapędzono na rampę kolejową.

A befejezetlen küldetés

Jan Skarskiról

Author(s): András Pályi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2017

A Case of Successful Transitional Justice

Fritz Bauer and his Late Recognition in the Federal Republic of Germany

Author(s): Jakub Gortat / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Germany is an example of a country which has been implementing transitional justice for decades and is still active in this field. What is more, contemporary Germans have recently come to terms with their not-so-distant past and their negligence in this area by showing the falsehood, backwardness, and injustice as negative foundations of the young Federal Republic. This article evokes the person of Fritz Bauer, the prosecutor in the state of Hessen. His struggle for human dignity and the memory of his achievements after his death exemplify an accomplished case of transitional justice and the memory of it. During his lifetime he contributed to bringing to trial numerous Nazi criminals, even at the cost of habitual threats and disregard. Forgotten for a few decades, Bauer and his legacy have been recently rediscovered and studied. Eventually, Bauer became a movie character and was finally brought back to the collective memory of Germans. The belated, but a well-deserved wave of popularity of Fritz Bauer in the German culture memory proves that reflections on the transitional justice are still topical and important.

A document of Securitate about the Iaşi (Jassy) Anti-Jews Pogrom (26-29 June 1941)

Author(s): Corvin Lupu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

The author brings in attention a declaration given after the Second World War by Traian Borcescu, one of the most important heads of the Romanian Secret Service (S.S.I.) about the circumstances of the murder of thousands of Jews in Iași, on 26-29-th of June 1941. Traian Borcescu is an important memorialist in this case because he was one of those chiefs of the Secret Service who knew and encouraged the complot against the Chief of State, Ion Antonescu. So he is not one of those memorialists who tried to exculpate marshal Antonescu. The document shows a memorialist who tried to tell the truth, after many years after the Second World War, after many years of detension, in a perioad of his life in which he had nothing to win or to lose telling the truth. Explaining the whole context of the event, Traian Borcescu brings important arguments that the murder of the Jews in Iași was planned by the German SS officers and brings their ”arguments” to do these crimes.

A few considerations on strategies of remembrance using the world wide web: fragments of 1944

Author(s): Dan Alexandru Savoaia / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2018

In a world where the position of historians is increasingly more complex to delineate and characterize, the World Wide Web represents a medium where history and histories are being written, restored or interpreted on a daily basis. Faced with the tremendousness of this space and their intrinsic liability to infinite obliviousness, events and places of the past are still waiting to be uncovered. But how can one draw the attention to history and bring the 'voices' of the people into the digital age whilst using community-created content in a coherent manner? Given this framework, it is the aim of my paper to analyze two projects that aspire at engaging people with history: 'Yellow-star house project' and 'A mate from the past. 1944 LIVE'. My analysis is based on the interpretative structure proposed by Suzanna K. Conrad, according to which digital stories have multiple purposes. While referring to the projects' context, audience and message, the current contribution focuses on two aspects, namely outreach-activism and the practice of digital storytelling as a way of archiving history.

A GÖRÖG ANTISZEMITA IRODALOM EGYIPTOMI VONULATÁHOZ

Author(s): Rita Kopeczky / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1-2/2005

The Jewish people came into view of the Greek world in the time of Alexander the Great. The Greeks fitted the newly discovered people into the notion of „barbarian philosophy”. In Ptolemaic Egypt, Jews and Greeks could live side by side without serious problems. Neither can anti-Semitism be discovered in the literature of the age, aside from a few commonplaces. The beginnings of „Greek antiSemitic literature” are mostly connected to Egyptian priestly circles. In the works of Hellenized authors coming from these circles, there appear some motifs of a tradition of ancient religious conflicts between Egyptians and Jews. Apion is the author in whose work the threads of Greek discourse of barbarism, of the Egyptian inversion of the Exodus narrative, and of daily political tensions between Jews and Greeks.

A gyűlölet tana. Antiszemita olvasókönyvek a német iskolákban

Author(s): Ákos Béresi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

A holokauszt mint narratíva

Author(s): János Kobányai / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A kolozsvári zsidók a két világháború között

Author(s): György Gaal / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 04/2017

Gidó Attila: Két évtized. A kolozsvári zsidóság a két világháború között

A körgyógynapszámos

Author(s): Pál Kádár / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A magyar arkangyal azt üzente

Author(s): János Kobányai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2014

A magyar zsidóság és a fasizmus a marcia su Romától 1938-ig

Author(s): Gábor Andreides / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A Personal Research Entanglement - The 'Intimate' Perpetrator

Author(s): Franziska A. Karpinski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

This essay deals with personal emotional entanglements that one encounters when researching letters written by perpetrators of the Holocaust.

A Sakterpolkától az Egészséges Fejbőrig: a tiszaeszlári vérvád zenei szubkultúrái

Author(s): Dániel Véri / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2016

A Slánský-per anticionista jellege és annak következményei

Author(s): Péter Hevo / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A szégyenletes örökség – kísérteties kiállítások (Idegen kultúrák és testek, láthatatlan individuumok)

Author(s): Péter György / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 75/2019

The study presents three historically, politically, geographically and linguistically interrelated case studies, examining the strategies of representing “differences between races,” in close connection with intentions to legitimize racial hatred and open racism. Plastercast masks of the living and dead were used as self-evident exhibits to visualise “racial differences”. National Socialist anthropologist Eugen Fischer’s 1909 racist study – assuming a scientific identity and methodology – of the so-called Basters of German South West Africa (offspring of married or cohabiting German men and local women), was continued by Hans Lichtenecker’s 1931 “field research” in Namibia. In the latter was a Ger- man artist, who made masks of the faces of local residents, including Basters. He also captured audio recordings. In 2009, anthropologists, historians and museologists had the opportunity to critically reconsider these events through the medium of exhibitions organised by Anette Hoffmann.In 1942, the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, which also maintained intimate relations with the fields of biological and physical anthropology – devoted to scientifically legitimize the Third Reich’s racist policy – commissioned Jewish death masks from the Posen concentration camp. Once the masks were found after long decades, they were on display only once in the Jewish Museum of Vienna in 1997 – the present study evokes, and thus interprets, the spirit of this radical exhibition. Finally, the third case study is the Romany research conducted in the University of Tübingen’s openly nazi anthropological laboratory, where Sophie Erhardt made masks of German Romany (i.e. Sinti) faces. Since 2004 these have been exhibited in the medical history display of the Sachsenhause concentration camp.The history of the exhibition presented from the angle of various intersections is expected to shed light on the dark side of cultural heritage whose study can inform significant conclusions that reach far beyond the scope of microhistorical case studies. The dark side of cultural heritage must concern us to the same extent as all those objects, texts, and traditions that we are proud of.