A „tépelődő gentleman”. Darányi Kálmán (1886–1939)

Author(s): Róbert Kerepeszki / Language(s): Hungarian

When people come to speak of Kálmán Darányi, even those familiar with the era could only recall the Győr Program, the preparation of the First Anti-Jewish Law or his negotiations with the Arrow Cross Party. How could one of the greyest politicians of the era with a talent for executive role be the Prime Minister of Hungary? How and in what direction could such a wishy-washy personality influence the political life of the country? How could he, the Prime Minister, get from his attempt to liquidate Gömbös’s radical right-wing policy to his agreement with the National Socialists even more radical than his predecessor? What factors formed his political disposition which resulted in his controversial decisions sometimes tragically influencing the fate of the country? The young author’s scholarly yet readable book contains a lot of new information and answers these and many other interesting questions.

A katolikus zsidó Kardos Klára Auschwitz naplója

Author(s): Louise O. Vasvari / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2020

A kolozsvári zsidók a két világháború között

Author(s): György Gaal / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 04/2017

Gidó Attila: Két évtized. A kolozsvári zsidóság a két világháború között

A körgyógynapszámos

Author(s): Pál Kádár / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A magyar arkangyal azt üzente

Author(s): János Kőbányai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2014

A magyar zsidóság és a fasizmus a marcia su Romától 1938-ig

Author(s): Gábor Andreides / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A Personal Research Entanglement - The 'Intimate' Perpetrator

Author(s): Franziska A. Karpinski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

This essay deals with personal emotional entanglements that one encounters when researching letters written by perpetrators of the Holocaust.

A Sakterpolkától az Egészséges Fejbőrig: a tiszaeszlári vérvád zenei szubkultúrái

Author(s): Dániel Véri / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2016

A Slánský-per anticionista jellege és annak következményei

Author(s): Péter Hevő / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A Specter Haunting Europe. The Myth of Judeo-Bolshevism

Author(s): Paul Hanebrink / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Today, fantasies of Jewish conspiracy cast Jews as cosmopolitan agents of globalisation and as enemies of national values. But conspiratorial antisemitism has taken many different forms. In the twentieth century, none was more potent or more destructive than the myth of Judeo-Bolshevism – the paranoid fear that Jews incited and directed Communist revolutions in order to advance their own interests. This text will discuss the history of the Judeo-Bolshevik myth, analyse its shifting functions from the Russian Revolution to the end of Communism in 1989, and explore the legacy that this myth has for today.

A számonkérés. Veszprémy László Bernát: Gyilkos irodák. A magyar közigazgatás, a német megszállás és a holokauszt. Második rész

Author(s): Károly Bárd / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2-3/2020

A szégyenletes örökség – kísérteties kiállítások (Idegen kultúrák és testek, láthatatlan individuumok)

Author(s): Péter György / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 75/2019

The study presents three historically, politically, geographically and linguistically interrelated case studies, examining the strategies of representing “differences between races,” in close connection with intentions to legitimize racial hatred and open racism. Plastercast masks of the living and dead were used as self-evident exhibits to visualise “racial differences”. National Socialist anthropologist Eugen Fischer’s 1909 racist study – assuming a scientific identity and methodology – of the so-called Basters of German South West Africa (offspring of married or cohabiting German men and local women), was continued by Hans Lichtenecker’s 1931 “field research” in Namibia. In the latter was a Ger- man artist, who made masks of the faces of local residents, including Basters. He also captured audio recordings. In 2009, anthropologists, historians and museologists had the opportunity to critically reconsider these events through the medium of exhibitions organised by Anette Hoffmann.In 1942, the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, which also maintained intimate relations with the fields of biological and physical anthropology – devoted to scientifically legitimize the Third Reich’s racist policy – commissioned Jewish death masks from the Posen concentration camp. Once the masks were found after long decades, they were on display only once in the Jewish Museum of Vienna in 1997 – the present study evokes, and thus interprets, the spirit of this radical exhibition. Finally, the third case study is the Romany research conducted in the University of Tübingen’s openly nazi anthropological laboratory, where Sophie Erhardt made masks of German Romany (i.e. Sinti) faces. Since 2004 these have been exhibited in the medical history display of the Sachsenhause concentration camp.The history of the exhibition presented from the angle of various intersections is expected to shed light on the dark side of cultural heritage whose study can inform significant conclusions that reach far beyond the scope of microhistorical case studies. The dark side of cultural heritage must concern us to the same extent as all those objects, texts, and traditions that we are proud of.

A trăi infernul (2). Jurnale din timpul Holocaustului ale copiilor și tinerilor din spațiul românesc

Author(s): Dumitru Tucan / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 58/2020

In one of my previous articles (Tucan 2020), I showed the great extent of the phenomenon generated by the diaries kept by young children and youngsters during the Holocaust. For these young people experiencing directly the anti-Semite persecutions of the WWII, these diaries were the only way to preserve the direct experience of sufferance in a world haunted by terror. In truth, while most of them did not survive, their written pages made it through history to become authentic papers documenting the horrific universe of the ghettos, of the concentration camps, of the lives spent in hiding and in secrecy. Unlike the genre of memoirs, which encapsulates the story of survival, the diary is the survival itself; they are therefore able to allow us a close introspection into the traumatic experience of the Holocaust and become vital documents for preserving the memory of a historical rupture caused by this great tragedy of the 20th century. In addition to this, the innocence of the diarists, their young age and their wide range of intensely emotional experiences recorded in these personal journals are essential pieces necessary for completing the picture of this collective tragedy, which the present must not forget and must cherish as an antidote against ideological and totalitarian irrationalism. In my article, I will dwell on similar phenomena closely connected with the Romanian Holocaust (Eva Heyman, Zimra Harsá nyi, Miriam Korber-Bercovici, and some others). Such a scholarly enterprise is extremely necessary since, in Romanian culture, the memory of the tragedy inflicted by the Holocaust has been rather obscured and purposely avoided (see Florian, 2018).

A velencei kalmár a Nemzeti Színházban, 1986

Author(s): Zoltán Imre / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 69/2017

The study focuses on the staging of The Merchant of Venice in Hungary, which took place in 1986 after the forty-six-year silence following the previous premiere of the play in 1940. The article deals with the long hiatus and the new staging, primarily focusing on why The Merchant was considered a “problematic” play within the socialist universe of the Kádár Regime. As a result, the article draws attention to the ways in which the dominant ideology of the Kádár Regime influenced the interpretation of Shakespeare’s play; why it silenced the play to finally acquiesce in a production solely focusing on an apologetic Shylock.

A Vichy-kormány szerepe a francia és menekült zsidók elpusztításában (1940-1944)

Author(s): Julien Papp / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2008

Jews in France, data about the deportation of the Jewish population, the historiography about Vichy and the Jews and the modern atisemitism. The organisation of the deportation of the Jewish population under the Vichy government.

A zsidó kisebbség helyzete az első Csehszlovák Köztársaságban, különös tekintettel Szlovákia területére

Author(s): Miriam Mlyneková / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2021

The text can be divided into two parts: in the first part, we focus on the principles of protection of minority rights after the First World War which were addressed by the Paris Peace Conference (1919), and in the second part, we deal with the Jewish minority in Slovakia within the Czechoslovak Republic. According to the original proposals, the protection of racial, national, and religious minorities was to be incorporated in the statute of the League of Nations, but this concept was not accepted. Subsequently, the protection of minorities was included in peace treaties with defeated and newly formed states. The Czechoslovak Republic was committed to provide protection of life and liberty to all citizens, regardless of their origin, citizenship, language, race or religion. The Republic agreed that regulations concerning persons belonging to racial, religious or linguistic minorities were of international coverage and guarantees of the League of Nations. With its constitution and laws, the CSR created a framework within which individual minorities built both their relationship with the republic and their own identity in the new state. Further in the text there is a focus on the Jewish minority in Slovakia within the First Czechoslovak Republic. The Republic was among the first in the world to allow declaring Jewish nationality. This section focuses on the various layers of Jewish identity: religion, nation, language, relationship to Zionism, and political organization. The Republic enabled the Jews to live a full religious, social, political and cultural life.

Accusations against Joint during the Anti-“Zionist” Campaign in Poland 1967: Prompt Termination of the Program

Author(s): Mikhail Mitsel / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2019

The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) played a major role in Jewish life in Poland in the immediate post-war period. In 1958, the Polish government invited JDC to return, only to expel it again in 1967, following the Six-Day War. JDC became one of the targets of unprecedented and constant antisemitic and anti-“Zionist” propaganda in 1968. The first accusations against the JDC were made in Sztandar Młodych, the Communist Youth newspaper. On 1 April 1968 that newspaper accused the JDC of “having spied for Israel and the United States.” Similarly to the Soviet press in January-February 1953, at the time of Doctors’ Plot, Polish newspapers published articles about the Committee as a “Zionist agency carrying out subversive and intelligence tasks” in the spring of 1968. In Wrocław, Łódź, and other provincial cities, the newspapers carried out very strong attacks had against JDC, using lies in a most vicious way. At the very same time the authorities began a well-planned systematic action to destroy all Jewish institutions that received financial support from JDC. An exodus of some 12,000 Jews from Poland followed increased antisemitic propaganda. JDC provided aid to several thousand of emigrants.

Agnieszka Pufelska, Die „Judäo-Kommune. Ein Feindbild in Polen. Das polnische Selbstverständnis im Schatten des Antisemitismus 1939-1948

Author(s): Michael Zok / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2014

Reviewed of: Agnieszka Pufelska: Die „Judäo-Kommune“. Ein Feindbild in Polen. Das polnische Selbstverständnis im Schatten des Antisemitismus 1939-1948. Schöningh. Paderborn u.a. 2007. 284 S., Ill. ISBN: 978-3-506-76389-8. (€ 41,90.). Reviewed by Michael Zok.

Akce "Pavouk". Evidování židovského obyvatelstva Státní bezpečností za normalizace

Author(s): Ondřej Koutek / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 01/2017

Anti-Semitism and persecution of the Jewish population are frequent subject of historical research, which is usually related especially to World War II and Shoah history. The Czech historiography focused a little less attentionon on the status of the Jewish communities after the Second World War and especially during Communist rule regime in Czechoslovakia.

Akcia Reinhardt a deportácie slovenských Židov do lublinskej oblasti v dokumentoch

Author(s): Ján Hlavinka,Michal Schvarc / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 4/2021

In 1942, the regime of Hlinka's Slovak People's Party deported more than 57,000 Jews to territory under the control of the Third Reich. Of these, 40,000 Jews were deported to the General Government´s Lublin District, where Operation Reinhardt, one of the biggest extermination operations of the Holocaust, was just beginning. Its central elements were Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka death camps. Therefore, the vast majority of Jews deported from Slovakia in 1942 fell victim to extermination Operation Reinhardt. The article presents a set of documents that characterize deportations of Slovak Jews to the Lublin District, as well as Operation Reinhardt itself.