СТИЛЬ КЛАСИЦИЗМ У НАСТІННОМУ ЖИВОПИСІ ХРАМІВ КИЄВО-ПЕЧЕРСЬКОЇ ЛАВРИ

Author(s): Maryna Afanasiyivna Bardik / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2024

The purpose of the article is to study the features of the classicism style in mural paintings of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra churches. The research methodology based on the complex using of historical and cultural analysis, art study one, biographical method. The scientific novelty of the study. The implementation of the classicism style in the mural painting of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra is discovered. The archival descriptions of murals, photos, cartograms have been put into scientific circulation. On the basis of records, the stylistic signs of classicism in the mural paintings of the side-altar of the St. apostle and evangelist John the Theologian of the Great Church and the interior of the Church of Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos have been researched. It has been revealed, thanks to which principles of the construction of composition and colour, as well as specific decorative elements classicist mural paintings have been created in the compartments of these churches. On the basis of stylistic analysis and analysis of archival documents, the working hypothesis for the improvement of the attribution of mural painting of the Church of Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos has been proposed. Its connection with the painting baroque decoration of the Great Church (Dormition Cathedral) has been observed. Conclusions. The classicism style was represented in the mural painting of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra churches in the 19th century. The murals of the side-altar of the St. Apostle and evangelist John the Theologian of the Great Church and the interior of the Church of Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos were created in the classicism style. The painting decorations of the side-altar and the church were formed on the general principles of classicist composition, such as strict symmetry, a calm and clear rhythm, an ordered structure, and emotional restraint. The artist painted a number of elements of the classicist architecture such as caissons, elements of the Corinthian order, rust, etc. He created the illusion of bas-reliefs and stucco moulding thanks to the use of the grisaille technique. He painted illusory gilt frames of various shapes that bordered the compositions, stylized monochrome ornaments. He chose blue (the symbolic colour of the Theotokos) and shades of gray as dominants for colour. The analysis of the artistic style and records made it possible to propose the working hypothesis regarding the authorship and time of creation the murals of the Church of Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos. They were painted, as well as murals of the side-altar of the St. Apostle John the Theologian by Kornilii Voloshynov during 1837–1838. In the mural painting of the church, in the plots and locations of the compositions there were borrowings from the baroque decoration of the Church (Dormition Cathedral).

ПРОСЛАВЛЕННЯ ЯК ЕТОС СУЧАСНИХ ПРОТЕСТАНТСЬКИХ БОГОСЛУЖІНЬ

Author(s): Tetiana Bulakh / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2024

The purpose of this study is to conduct a detailed analysis and examination of the impact of musical material on the formation of the ethos of church worship in contemporary Protestant churches. In this context, ethos is understood as the set of moral, spiritual, and cultural values and norms that are formed and maintained during worship. The study focuses on determining the role of music in worship and its significance for believers, as well as identifying specific musical practices that contribute to spiritual growth and the consolidation of the religious community. The methodological basis of the study includes qualitative data collection methods, particularly in-depth interviews with worship participants, observation of musical practices in various Protestant communities, and analysis of musical works used during worship. The research also relies on a literature review of existing works on the theology of music and ethnographic studies of religious rituals, providing a deep understanding of the phenomenon of musical worship. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive approach to studying the musical aspect of Protestant worship, which has not received sufficient attention in scientific literature to date. The research highlights how the musical component of worship affects the spiritual state of believers and their integration into the church community, and also reveals new trends in the musical practices of contemporary Protestant churches. Special attention is given to how music helps to form and sustain an ethos that defines the moral and spiritual orientation of believers. Conclusions. The results of the study show that musical material plays a key role in shaping the ethos of contemporary Protestant worship services. Music not only fosters the emotional engagement of believers but also serves as a means of spiritual communication and enrichment of the religious experience. The importance of music in Protestant worship is emphasised by its ability to unite the community and maintain religious identity. Thus, the musical component of worship becomes an integral part of the spiritual life of Protestant communities, shaping their unique ethos.

Sf. Efrem Sirul despre femei din Vechiul Testament: Eva, Sara, Tamara și soția lui Putifar

Author(s): Sebastian Brock / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

Relația dintre predarea teologiei și practica religioasă la creștinii siro-orientali din Qatar (secolele VI-VII)

Author(s): Martin Tamcke / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

Sistemul lecturilor biblice în Săptămâna Luminată. Tradiția ierusalimiteană versus ritul actual

Author(s): Dorneanul Damaschin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

The present study proposed an analysis of the current system of biblical readings beginning with the Liturgy of Resurrection Sunday and continuing until the Saturday of this first Easter week. He tries to overcome the possible arid character, given by a fixed ʻmathematicsʼ of establishing the order, the inversions or the omission of the passages from the books chosen to be read now, by identifying some theological and hermeneutical reasons that eliminate the suspicion of possible chance to be spotted at a very superficial glance. The second part of the study will present a synthetic comparison of the present system of readings with that of Jerusalem of the 4th-8th centuries, accompanied by the establishment of correspondences/divergences and possible conclusions that may result from this brief synoptic appearance.

Sf. Efrem Sirul, La cuvântul pe care Domnul l-a spus că „în lumea aceasta necazuri veţi avea”. Despre cum trebuie să fie omul desăvârşit

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

ДУХОВЕНСТВО КОЛЬСКОГО БЛАГОЧИНИЯ ПО РЕВИЗСКИМ СКАЗКАМ 1816 ГОДА

Author(s): Yulia Nikolaevna Kozhevnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8/2024

This paper addresses the little-studied issue of the state of the clergy in the Kola deanery of the Arkhangelsk Eparchy during the first quarter of the XIX century, using information from the 1816 census records for the first time. This valuable, informative, and comprehensive source, preserved in the National Archives of the Republic of Karelia, provides new insights into the parish clergy. Based on data from the seventh census, the research reveals the small size of the clergy in the Kola deanery and identifies the longstanding practice of transferring church positions to relatives, both direct and collateral, which persisted since previous centuries. This underscores the continued significance of familial connections in the formation of the clergy in this region during the first quarter of the XIX century. The census records on priests and clergymen indicate that the rural clergy in the Kola deanery included representatives fromdifferent generations of ancient spiritual dynasties that began to emerge in the fi rst quarter of the XVIII century. Additionally,there is evidence of social mobility within the clergy, allowing the sons of deacons to be ordained as priestsafter receiving special education at eparchial institutions. The unique personal information about full-time and minorclergy provides valuable resources for studying the genealogy of provincial clergy and for creating a prosopographicdatabase of parish priests and clergymen in the Kola North.

Un triptic pliabil rusesc din secolul al XVIII-lea din colecția muzeului național de istorie a Moldovei

Author(s): Adelaida Chiroșca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

The article examines a religious object from the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova, indicated in the museum exhibit scientific card as a folding iconostasis. It is of Russian origin; in its manufacture two artistic techniques were used: painting on wood and wood carving. Its dimensions when unfolded are 53×70×10 cm. The triptych consists of the main part, a wooden case with an arched top, inside which there is a full length sculpture of St. Nicholas, and side panels with semi-arches in the upper parts, which, when closed, form a full arch, identical to the arch of the central piece. The side panels are attached to the central one with metal hinges. Nicholas the Wonderworker is depicted with arms outstretched to the sides, in which some objects were originally depicted that were later lost. In the upper part, the image of the saint is framed by two round medallions with images of Jesus Christ and the Mother of God, which give him the Gospel and omophorion. Above the halo of St. Nicholas is an oil painting of the Holy Trinity. The side panels contain six miniature scenes, each with an expressive color palette that gives each scene and the entire image a special grace. Regarding the functionality of this religious object, we note that it can belong to the category of portable iconostases or home worship icons. This folding icon is an iconographic rarity in the museum collection, taking into account their mass destruction in Russia in times of trouble, as well as a small number of such items in the Republic of Moldova.

Nicolae Fuștei, mitropolitul Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni 1746-1821:activități culturale și ecleziastice

Author(s): Lilia Zabolotnaia / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

Review of: Nicolae Fuștei, mitropolitul Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni 1746-1821:activități culturale și ecleziastice. Chișinău: Biblioteca științifică (Institut) „Andrei Lupan”, 2021, 464 p. ISBN 978-9975-62-452-7.

Biserica catacombelor

Author(s): Nicolae Fuștei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2024

The anti-religious policy of the Soviet state pushed part of society beyond the legal field. As a result, a religious phenomenon arose, which in the specialized literature of the post-Soviet space is known under the general name “catacomb church”. Initially, the “catacomb church” meant movements born within the Orthodox Church, but which rejected Soviet power. During the interwar period, the concept of “catacomb church” referred specifically to these groups. In the post-war period, the situation changed, and the “catacomb church” began to include all religious groups that were openly or secretly in opposition to the Soviet state, as well as to the top leadership of the respective cults. Thus, we can talk about the “catacomb church” in the Moldavian SSR. It included all religious communities that operated secretly or semi-secretly. The main ideology of the catacomb communities was anti-communist with religious overtones. From the very beginning, the idea of Soviet power as the power of the Antichrist, who they considered Lenin, was ingrained among the catacombers. The five-pointed star was seen as the seal of the Antichrist. For this reason, the catacombers avoided registering their religious communities, obtaining Soviet passports, participating in elections, joining collective farms, serving in the Soviet army, and official employment. Another cornerstone of the catacombers’ ideology was an irreconcilable attitude towards the Moscow Patriarchate, which in their mystical vision was interpreted as “the whore of Babylon riding the red beast”.

Chipul mântuitorului în colecția de icoane a muzeului național de istorie a Moldovei. Tipologii iconografice

Author(s): Adelaida Chiroșca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2024

The collections of the National Museum of History of Moldova contain more than five hundred icons, of which about a hundred depict the image of Jesus Christ. This collection of icons contains a diversity of iconographic models, which necessitated its classification into general types, and then into categories. Most of the compositions represent the stages of the Savior’s earthly life: “Nativity of Christ”, “The Holy Encounter”, and “The Baptism of Jesus”. The preaching period of Christ’s life is reflected in the icons “Jesus and the Twelve Disciples”, “Blessing the Children” and “The Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem”. The Savior’s arrival in Jerusalem actually marked the beginning of the Passion of Christ, a great drama that was preceded by several important events reflected in the scenes of the Last Supper and Prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane. Episodes of detention and trial are reproduced in the icons “Christ in Prison”, “Christ at Pilate’s Court”, “Christ Wearing the Crown of Thorns” and “Carrying the Cross”. The compositions “Crucifixion of Jesus Christ” and the shroud “Entombment” complete this chapter. The image of Christ in glory is reflected in three iconographic compositions: “Transfiguration”, “Resurrection of Jesus Christ” and “Ascension of Jesus Christ”. The creation of these iconographic types, designed to depict events that represent an incomprehensible mystery for a common man, was an extremely difficult task for the clergy and icon painters, who were able to develop a pictorial formula that made it possible to reveal the spiritual greatness of Christ in glory. The image of the Savior not made by human hand includes the icons “The Mandylion of King Abgar” and “The Veil of Veronica”; these are acheiropoieta, the miraculously created images of Jesus Christ. The symbolic image of the Savior is rendered in two museum icons known as the “Good Shepherd”, the most appropriate representation to depict Christ in his immense love for people. The liturgical image of the Lord can be found in the iconographic types “Jesus Christ the True Vine”, “Jesus Christ Pantocrator”, “Jesus Christ the King of Kings” and “Jesus Christ the High Priest”. The collection under consideration is distinguished by a diversity of painting techniques, materials and forms of realization of works, of categories and styles of interpretation – all this gives it authenticity and individuality. Created between the mid-19th and early 20th centuries, these works retain the iconographic features characteristic of that time.

Iuliu Maniu and the Memorandum Movement

Author(s): Vasile Pușcaș / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The Memorandum Movement (1892–1894) played an important role in the history of the national emancipation of the Transylvanian Romanians. Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953) studied law at the universities of Budapest and Vienna at the beginning of the last decade of the 19th century. In 1892 he was among the leaders of the Petru Maior Academic Society, an organization of Romanian students at the University of Budapest. As a result of his position as the Romanian students’ leader, he had a major role in preparing the reception and accommodation of Memorandum delegates in Vienna. Iuliu Maniu and his colleagues immediately joined the Romanian national movement. He was among the signatories of the political Manifesto entitled “To the Romanian People of Transylvania and the Hungarian Land” (1893). In 1896, Iuliu Maniu was already one of leaders of the Romanian National Party from Transylvania.

Însemnări aflate pe cărţi vechi despre schitul Gologofta (judeţul Vaslui)

Author(s): Cristina Maria Cîmpianu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: LII/2023

The church of the Gologofta hermitage dedicated to Saint Nicholas, located in the village of the same name, is located in the western part of Ivăneşti commune, Vaslui county. The hermitage dates back to the 17th century. From the inscription made above the beam at the entrance „7282 (1774)”, we deduce that the wooden church was built on this date, and on another beam located behind the church, the name of the founder is found, and again the year: „Ghenadie Cazimir 1774”. Several researchers question this starting date of the hermitage, wondering if it is possible that there was an older monastery, founded by the Huşanu family. The Monograph of the church of Hârşova, Vaslui county made by Ecaterina Lavric, a teacher at the Fundătura-Hârşova primary school, compiled in 1945, it follows that the wooden church dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is, according to the village elders, brought here in 1772 from the village GologoftaIvăneşti, during the Sion boyar. The existence of a church older than the one from 1774 is supported by the presence of some notes on a Pentecostal, printed in Iasi in 1756, which mentions the year 1760 in which the book was purchased for the church of Gologofta. Also dated from the same year, a list of the books in the church is shown, which proves that it was already functioning for some time.

Două pomelnice ctitoriceşti inedite din vremea stareţului Neonil Buzilă

Author(s): Vera Stigleț / Language(s): Romanian Issue: LII/2023

From an ecclesiastical perspective, we associate the history of the Neamț Monastery in the 19th century with the prominent figure of the archimandrite Neonil Buzilă, a three-time abbot (1834-1835; 1838-1839;1843-1853). He is known mainly for his philanthropic endeavours (e.g., he built hospitals, schools, and ecclesiastical establishments) – several written records, which I will discuss in this paper, mention all these benefactions. This study focuses on the diptychs for founders within the collection of the „Sfântul Ierarh Nicolae” Church in Humulești (1835) and the Vovidenia Skete (1874). The diptychs feature the names of monks and benefactors of the place of worship, who contributed to the construction of the building while Neonil was abbot. Concerning the writing, the diptychs are drafted in Romanian with Cyrillic characters. Considering the liturgical significance of the diptychs, each place of worship lists the benefactors remembered during the religious service. These unique items belong to the category of founder – specific objects (comprising people who are either alive or dead, accompanied by the formula „and their entire kin”). In conclusion to these preliminary data, in this research stage, I aim to present the deeds and people contributing to the construction of various places of worship that are very significant even today.

CONTRIBUŢIUNI LA ISTORIA ŢINUTURILOR NEAMŢ ŞI ROMAN ÎN SECOLUL AL XVII-LEA (DE LA MOVILEŞTI LA CANTEMIR)

Author(s): Daniel Dieaconu,Virgil Cojocaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

This study focuses on a troubled period in the history of medieval Moldavia, paying special attention to the then Neamt and Roman lands, of special military-strategic importance, with a rich monastic life, but from an economic and social point of view with many villages, dependent peasants, with large secular agrarian properties, but also monasteries, with properties dedicated to Greek monasteries in the East. The period includes the Movilești rule, the time of Vasile Lupu and then a series of short reigns, fragmented by fights for the throne, which generated interference of neighboring powers in the internal affairs of the country, wars, desolation, beehives, weakening autonomy and increasing Ottoman rule. The image of this world is captured from the writings of foreign and Romanian travelers, from Marco Bandini to Dimitrie Cantemir, from official documents of the time, chronicles and annals of history, from works of history dedicated to the period, but also from cult or popular literature. A fresco of the history of the land is revealed to you through this study, the protagonists being rulers, boyars, rascals and clowns, monks, merchants and foreign travelers present in these lands.

IMPLICAREA BISERICILOR SFINȚII ATANASIE ŞI CHIRIL ȘI SFÂNTUL SPIRIDON DIN IAŞI ÎN ACTELE FILANTROPICE DIN PERIOADA INTERBELICĂ

Author(s): Carmen Sandu (Toderascu) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

Christian philanthropy in Europe, manifested in a sporadic, non-institutionalized way, has its origins in the period of primary Christianity, the Romanian space not being an exception to this rule. Institutionalized Christian philanthropy from the historical Romanian province of Moldova appears very late, in the modern era. An illustrative example in this sense is the charter dated January 1, 1757 given by the Hospodar Constantin Cehan Racoviţă, who laid the foundations of the hospital and the epitropy at the church of St. Spiridon in Iasi. Until 1947, before the establishment of the communist regime in Romania, this epitropy patronized the most important acts of Christian philanthropy in the city of Iasi, which also involved the church of Saints Athanasius and Cyril in this locality. The article first presents a historical sketch of the foundation of the two churches. Next, the beginnings and evolution of Christian social assistance (philanthropy) in the city of Iasi until the interwar period are presented. The second part of the article, based mainly on unpublished archive documents, presents the philanthropic acts of the churches of Saints Athanasius and Cyril and of the Curatory of the Hospital of Saint Spyridon during the interwar period, for the benefit of the parishioners who belonged to the first church.

Etnografski motivi u djelu Kratka povjest župe crkve i samostana toliškog fra Bone Nedića

Author(s): Mato Nedić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 61/2024

Manje historiografsko djelo Kratka povjest župe crkve i samostana toliškog uz pripomoć rukopisah velečastnog o. Martina Nedić-a sastavio i na svijetlo izdao o. fra Bono Nedić žup nik brčanski autor je objavio 1887. godine, a knjigu je tiskao u Tiskarni Mihajla Taizsa u Pečuhu. Djelo se sastoji od 69 stranica, a posvećeno je fra Martinu Nediću, prvome bosanskom ilircu, inače autorovu stricu. Poticaj za pisanje ovoga djela, kao i njegovu namjenu doznajemo iz riječi samoga autora zabilježenih u posveti: „Davno mi je u grudih srdce zakucalo, a želja se pobudila, da povjest naše župe, crkve i Samostana opišem, i na svjetlo izdam, da bi iz toga kasno potomstvo uvidilo, i saznalo, sve one dobrotvore, koji zborom i tvorom, naše rodno mjesto podigoše iz praha, te ga usrećiše velebnim Hramom Božjim, i krasnim za obitavanje Samostanom.“

O jednom dokumentu iz 1611. koji govori o crkvi u Varešu

Author(s): Michael Ursinus / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 61/2024

U Arhivu Franjevačkog samostana u Fojnici, među spisima osmanske provenijencije, nalazi se jedna do sad neobjavljena teskera nekog Mehmed-bega, a koja svjedoči o postojanju crkve u Varešu.

Anto Orlovac, Banjolučka stoljeća. Povijest katoličke župe Pohoda Blažene Djevice Marije u Banjoj Luci

Author(s): Velimir Blažević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 61/2024

Review of: Anto Orlovac, Banjolučka stoljeća. Povijest katoličke župe Pohoda Blažene Djevice Marije u Banjoj Luci, Banja Luka 2023, 704 str.

GRANICE SLOBODE I PRINUDE U ULOZI PROSVETLJENJA: O DEBATI IZMEĐU LOKA I PROASTA

Author(s): Ivan Matić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2024

This paper will present a detailed analysis of the theological-political debate between the english philosopher John Locke and the protestant theologian Jonas Proast, which took place through a series of letters between 1689 and 1704, and which centered around the the limitations of freedom and coercion in the purpose of enlightenment. In the first part of the paper, we will present a brief overview of the circumstances of the early modern period in England, where this debate took place, as well as the foundations of Locke’s political thought; afterward, we will take a look at his original Letter Concerning Toleration. The second part of the paper will be dedicated to analyzing the course of the debate between the two authors through the course of the following six letters. In the third part, their arguments will be critically analyzed in order to deepen our understanding of their opinions, as well as the consistency of their beliefs with regard to religious toleration.