Polityka wielokulturowości w europejskiej przestrzeni edukacyjnej

Author(s): Jerzy Zdański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

This article relates to multiculturalism in the European educational area. The processes of globalization are equally unite and divide – as Zygmunt Bauman writes. Currently, the human individual must accept various changes and learn to live in a constantly changing world. Measures of globalization cause many questions. One of them is the question of education, teacher competencies required, the training and improvement. The teacher should be someone special, someone growing internally and as fast as the world around him. This article describes the problem of quality assurance and improvement in education of adults. The quality of adult education is a priority in the policy of member states of the European Union. The new challenges, including unprecedented demographic changes, immigration, the desire to fight social exclusion and humanistic interpretation of the human individual, become pro-quality search engine. In the educational policy of member states of the European Union preparation to the profession of teacher should lead to ensure that he was a man of multi-dimensional. It seems necessary to develop a new model of teacher education. We must recognize the uniqueness and diversity of educational situations. Teacher of the twenty-first century should be a professional developer and broad-minded, and also should be open to technical progress and use it in teaching. He must be prepared to cooperate with the educational systems of other countries, especially the European Union. Moreover, he must be passionate about, because the only teacher with a passion will be able to meet the expectations of civilizing the societies ofthe European Union: to resist the difficulties encountered by a professional. Teacher training is animportant part in shaping the educational policy of the European Union countries.

Nacjonalistyczny internet. Rekonstrukcja medialnego ekosystemu polskiej skrajnej prawicy w internecie

Author(s): Marcin Pielużek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (255)/2023

The article’s main objective is to reconstruct the media ecosystem of the Polish extreme right on the Internet. The starting point was 15 websites of the most recognisable Polish far-right organisations, which were indexed using the Hyphe tool to identify other websites with the same ideological profile, this identified 312 websites. These were then further analysed using social network analysis methods and tools in order to answer the following research questions: 1) how dense is the network of connections between the different sites; 2) what is the diversity and dominant ideological orientation of the far-right Internet; 3) what types of sites are used to disseminate far-right content? The research results show that far-right websites are poorly networked but that a few sites act as opinion leaders and content distributors linking different communities. At the same time, despite the ideological diversity, two communities – radical nationalists and autonomous nationalists – are critical in the reconstructed media ecosystem. While the different types of sites function as important media sites for each milieu, each milieu uses the different types of sites in slightly different ways.

Komunikacja medialna Konfederacji Wolność i Niepodległość w czasie kryzysu wewnątrzpartyjnego

Author(s): Anna Szwed-Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (255)/2023

The aim of the research was to reconstruct the communication strategy of the Confederation Liberty and Independence [Konfederacja Wolność i Niepodległość] party during the internal crisis that began after the Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine. The research period covered the period from February 24, 2022 to February 13, 2023. The subject of the research were statements and publications published in the official media of the Confederation [Konfederacja], as well as social media of party leaders and interviews they gave. Content analysis was used in the research. Research has shown that a multi-community party such as the Confederation [Konfederacja], in order to solve the internal crisis, was forced to implement a consensus strategy in the field of discussion about the war in Ukraine and the marginalisation of activists who undermine the integrity of the group. As part of the pursuit of consensus, a communication strategy was implemented, which can be described as searching for a community of values by expanding the field of reference to the problem. The marginalisation of the Libertarians [Wolnościowcy] resulted in their withdrawal from the party, thus stabilising the internal situation in the Confederation [Konfederacja].

Twitterowa komunikacja polityczna w kontekście wojny w Ukrainie: analiza porównawcza wpisów Roberta Biedronia i Antoniego Macierewicza

Author(s): Klaudia Żubryk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (255)/2023

The digital revolution has brought social media into the space of politicians’ activities, the most widely used of which is Twitter. This platform fosters special participation of users and informing the audience about the most current events in almost real time. It can also be understood as one of the most effective tools of modern political communication. The proposed article provides a comparative analysis of the communications of Antoni Macierewicz, who is associated with Poland’s ruling camp in 2022, and Robert Biedroń, one of the opposition leaders. The analysed communications concern the first month of the war in Ukraine. Both quantitative methods, including elements of statistical analysis, and qualitative analysis, based mainly on content analysis, were used to conduct the study. The aim of the study is to identify differences in communications and to show their twitter statements about the war in Ukraine in the context of a broader political communication strategy in line with the program of the party represented and relating to activities on the political scene (Polish or European). The analysis also points to the diversity of messages communicated through the social medium and the general polarising tendencies developing despite public voices calling for unity to help the victims of Russian aggression.

Macierzyństwo jako temat publikacji i element wizerunków medialnych kobiet świata polityki w wybranych polskich tygodnikach opinii

Author(s): Katarzyna Brzoza-Kolorz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (255)/2023

The aim of the analysis conducted is to show how motherhood was portrayed in four Polish weekly opinion magazines Gazeta Polska, Newsweek Polska, Polityka and Wprost, during selected periods, over the years 2000-2019, and how the role of the mother projected media images of women in the world of politics. Preliminary assumptions were made that motherhood is politicised in the publications and that the editorial line of the surveyed weeklies influences the way they write about it. In addition, an attempt was made to test the validity of the claim that wives of politicians were more often portrayed in the role of the mother than female politicians, and the role of the mother was more strongly exposed in the portrayal of Polish female politicians than foreign ones. The research method used was a content analysis of selected publications, sourced from weekly opinion magazines, which was carried out based on the author’s categorisation key and with the support of the IBM SPSS program. In the course of the conducted analyses, the research objectives were achieved and the adopted research hypotheses were confirmed.

Miejsce i rola diaspory w promocji polskiej kultury w świetle polityk publicznych

Author(s): Mariusz Dzięglewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article is aimed at seeking an answer to the question about the place of Polish immigrant organizations centered around cultural activities, Polish artists residing abroad and the general immigrant community within the organizational field focused on the promotion of Polish culture abroad. To answer the question, the author analyses key documents underpinning cultural policy and policy towards diaspora, describes the structure of organizational field including various kind of organizations engaged in promotion of Polish culture abroad. The policy analysis covered the presentation of assumptions on the role the diaspora should play both – as an addressee and the “tool” of public policies. Findings on positioning of organizations representing Polish diaspora in organizational field stemming from the analysis of documents were confronted with the results of state programs analysis. The author focused on 15 state programs ran between 2017 and 2022 – their goals and beneficiaries. The study reveals that immigrant organizations and Polish artist residing abroad had limited access to structural support for their projects, despite policy makers’ positive evaluation of diaspora resources. Members of diaspora are positioned at the periphery of national branding organizational field. Therefore, the resources of numerous members of Polish diaspora – dispersed around the whole world – are still underestimated and unused.

Turkey – 100 Years of Longing for Modernity

Author(s): Evgenia Ivanova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The text traces the painful development of Turkish modernity – a process of still ongoing clashes between the aspirations of a part of the elites to be “modern Europeans”, the unquestioning certainty of another part of them that “modernity” and “Europe/West” are by no means equivalent, and the traditional mentality of broad segments of Turkish society. At the heart of the study are two extremes: high literature (the works of Orhan Pamuk) and popular culture (television series), which reveals the wide register of possibilities for tracing the longing for modernity and its (un)realisation in Turkish reality. The original synonymy of “modernity” and “the West” that fueled the longing – from the late Ottoman Empire, through the Republican period until the end of the millennium – gradually disintegrated. In the new millennium, the official notion of achieved modernity increasingly asserted itself, however not as juxtaposition with the West, but in spite of it.

EXPERT’S INSIGHTS: Europe and the War in Ukraine: Support, Degree of Participation or Neutrality

Author(s): Yanaki Stoilov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The text critically examines the intricate interplay between politics, ideology, and law within the ongoing war in Ukraine. The primary aim is to comprehensively assess the multifaceted implications of the conflict for Europe’s position in the evolving global context. Through the presentation of ten key points, the author explores various topics, including the erosion of sovereignty due to the Russian intervention, the absence of formal war declarations, and the far-reaching consequences of the conflict on a global scale. Additionally, the discourse delves into the crisis facing the international legal order, the emergence of a more complex bipolar world, and the expansion of EU law at the expense of national legislation.

Съвременни тенденции в покупателната способност на българското население

Author(s): Kostadinka Stanimirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Income and prices are a major economic factor by which the well-being of a country’s population can be determined. The relationship between these two factors is assessed through the “purchasing power” indicator. It is a set of the amount of a given type of commodity that can be purchased with the total average income of a person from a household, in a certain year, if the same is spent on that commodity. In order to follow the current trends in the purchasing power of the Bulgarian population, the article examines the products that have significant consumption. Using statistical methods, modern trends in the development of incomes and the purchasing power of bread and coal products are tracked. A development prognosis for the next two years has been made.

The Continuing Socio-political Appeal of Thermopylae Symbolism and the War in Ukraine

Author(s): Miloš Petrović,Darko Gavrilović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The main aim of this article is to examine the causes behind the recurring heroic motives of Thermopylae up to the present day. This phenomenon, referred to as the comparative heroisation process, is analyzed in the context of initiation, glorification, and identification of contemporary European soldiers with the Spartan warriors. The author(s) primarily employ a comparative historical method, incorporating some elements of a constructivist approach. The Battle of Mariupol, one of the largest clashes during the invasion of Ukraine, is specifically examined. However, instead of focusing on measuring the actual degree of similarity to Thermopylae, the author(s) concentrate on the metaphorical aspect. The central question raised is: why has the symbolism of Thermopylae persisted? Additionally, the authors explore the continuities and discontinuities that the Mariupol case demonstrates in comparison to earlier historical examples. The author(s) aim to demonstrate that the heroisation process does not necessarily require defenders to possess all sublime virtues. On the contrary, it may be sufficient for the community to aspire to acknowledge, identify with, or achieve certain arch-heroic traits or qualities, which can then be attributed to their respective national courageous champions, irrespective of how closely they resemble the heroic role models.

RAZGOVOR S JAKOBOM FINCIJEM “KROZ MEĐUNARODNI FORUM BOSNA SMO UČILI O SEBI, DRUGIMA TE DRUGE O SEBI”

Author(s): Medina Delalić,Jakob Finci / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 100/2022

Interview with Jakob Finci by Medina Delalić.

Нагласи на студентите към войната като обществено-политическо явление

Author(s): Valery Stoyanov,Siyana Lutzkanova,Anna Karadencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

By using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research approaches, students' attitudes, emotions, and experiences of war as a socio-political phenomenon, as well as their motivations for participating in war, are revealed. Google Forms were used to collect the empirical information. Fifty-seven students responded to the questionnaire, 81% of the students to whom the form was sent. The students are from Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, from "Transport, Aviation and Shipping" and "National Security" professional specialties. The results show that students have a decidedly negative attitude towards war and reject war as a means of solving problems. For them, war is nonsense, meaningless, and unnecessary in the practice of humanity. The main problems caused by the war in social and personal terms are connected, on the one hand, to the loss of human, spiritual, economic, and natural resources, and on the other hand, to the suffering of the people from the victims, the destruction, to the experienced fear and horror of what is happening. Students would only go to war when they are forced to defend home, family, and self, but rather not in case our country is under attack. The emotions caused by the war in the students are entirely in the field of depressive symptoms, which is a signal that the war makes life meaningless, "takes away" its essence, meaning - to live in prosperity, makes life miserable, full of suffering. After all, "war" is perceived exclusively in its classical dimensions and the immediate image of it and its experience is related to the physical use of weapons, fighting, sacrifice, genocide, destruction, death, and suffering.

Структура и функции на „Работна група за информационни дейности“

Author(s): Vaklin Kirilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2s/2024

When integrating information operations into the process of operational-level planning in a joint format, the Information Activities Working Group plays a crucial role as part of the joint operations planning group. It has a structure that provides a high level of expertise and creates conditions for precise planning of information activities, both to achieve desired effects during the conduct of the operation and to support the planning process itself. The primary contribution resulting from its activities is the synergistic effect generated by integrating information activities into the planning process, as this enables their execution throughout the course of the operation.

Таргетингът и културното наследство: унищожаване на културното наследство по време на конфликти

Author(s): Radoslav Chalakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2s/2024

Armed conflicts affect many aspects of life. In addition to casualties from military impacts, conflicts often involve damage or destruction of cultural heritage. The significant challenges we face in the XXI century also complicate the protection of cultural heritage during military operations. The increasing use of social media provides instant viewing and propaganda for the destruction of cultural heritage and, in many cases, its irreversible destruction, on the other hand, precision munitions increase the expectation that cultural heritage sites will be spared during conflict. This expectation often leads to increased frustration and disappointment when sites are not protected or become collateral damage. This article examines the role of the targeting process in influencing cultural heritage during conflict.

EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON WORK-LIFE BALANCE IN PUNJAB'S HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

Author(s): Ulfat Andrabi,Priyanka Chhibber / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This study aims to assess the relationship between organizational commitment and work-life balance among staff members working in hospitals in the Indian state of Punjab. Based on a sample of 382 hospital employees, including medical and paramedical staff, the study was conducted. The required information was gathered using a standardized questionnaire. The Smart PLS statistical tool was utilized for analysing the data that was gathered. The study's findings demonstrate a significant and positive association between organizational commitment and work-life balance in selected hospitals of Punjab, highlighting the significance of this balance in encouraging employee commitment in this situation. Based on the R 2 value of 0.644, it can be concluded that the model is responsible for approximately 64 percent of the variance in organisational commitment. Nevertheless, the circumstances that are accountable for the remaining 36 percent of variability have not been found.

L’historien Blagovest Njagulov et sa contribution à l’historiographie bulgare des migrations et des minorités

Author(s): Lyubomira Valcheva-Nundloll / Language(s): French Issue: 1-2/2024

Blagovest Njagulov, a prominent historian, dedicated his career to studying modern, contemporary, and comparative history, with a particular interest in ethnic policies and minorities. His doctoral thesis on Dobrudja marked the beginning of a brilliant career at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. His research shed light on underexplored aspects of the history of Bulgarians abroad, especially in Romanian Banat. He adeptly navigated diverse cultural and linguistic contexts, contributing to a rich and nuanced historiography. His work also illuminated the complex Bulgarian-Romanian relations, the issue of minorities, and the challenges of historical memory, particularly in the context of European integration. In addition to his academic endeavors, Njagulov was an engaged actor in civil society, supporting Bulgarian organizations abroad and actively participating in initiatives aimed at strengthening ties with Bulgarian communities worldwide. In this regard, this article also aligns with the recent renewal of reflection on the biographical method in Bulgarian historiography.

New Research on the Bulgarians in Turkey

Author(s): Evgenia Kalinova / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2024

Възприятия за проявленията на сивата икономика в България, Гърция, Румъния и Хърватия според анкетно проучване на Евробарометър

Author(s): Lillyana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Shadow economy is a persistent and characteristic phenomenon of the economy of Eastern Europe. The article aims to study the shadow sector in several countries – Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and Croatia, presenting unpublished data on its perceived manifestations from the point of view of demand and supply. The data used is from a Eurobarometer survey conducted in 2019. The information provided is up-to-date and relevant to the study of shadow economy, due to the relatively constant behavior of economic agents and the lack of analogous recent survey that examines informal activity in such details, allowing comparative analysis with other European countries. The declared behavior of the respondents is examined and statistical tests are employed to indicate statistically significant differences between the mean values of the four countries regarding the performed paid undeclared activities and the purchase of goods from the shadow sector. The research specifies the sectors most affected by undeclared activities – in Bulgaria this is construction. The reasons for participation in the shadow economy from the supply and demand side are analyzed. The results reveal the pragmatism of Bulgarian respondents in comparison to the motivation of respondents in the other three countries. The most common paid undeclared activities are also indicated, as well as the most frequently purchased goods and services from the shadow sector. The material builds on the current knowledge on the subject and provides a starting point for the refinement of policies to combat shadow economy.

Dissecting the Political Landscape of War-Torn Ukraine: Between Internal Challenges and External Threats

Author(s): Aram Terzyan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This paper explores the political landscape of war-torn Ukraine, focusing on the country’s core domestic problems. The war in Ukraine has led to a significant deterioration of Ukraine’s political landscape. While victory on the battlefield is Ukraine’s utmost priority, escalating internal problems pose additional challenges. With Ukraine having obtained EU candidate status, these problems have moved to a new level on the EU’s membership agenda. The most urgent of these is endemic corruption, which has gained fresh momentum during the war and has put foreign aid at risk. As the costs of the war grow, international pressure on the Ukrainian authorities to show better results increases. Accountability and transparency should become the guiding principles of the reconstruction and recovery processes to maintain Western support and ensure effective postwar reconstruction.

REPUBLIKA Godina XI (1999), Broj 218-219, 1-21. avgust

Author(s): Dragoš Ivanović,Dušan Mojsin,Bojan Al Pinto Brkić,Zoja Jovanov,Nada Mijatović,Olivija Rusovac,Živorad Tasić,Mirko Đorđević,Gordana Perunović Fijat,Ljubomir Berberović,Nebojša Spaić,Miodrag Nikolić,Zagorka Golubović,Zlatoje Martinov,Ljiljana Radenović,Nastasja Radović,Miodrag Stanisavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 218-219/1999