Spór o "The Death of Klinghoffer" Johna Adamsa. Opera w opinii krytyków muzycznych

Author(s): Maryla Zając / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02 (29)/2016

In October 1985, several members of the Palestine Liberation Front hijacked the cruise ship Achille Lauro during its Mediterranean cruise. After the surrender of the terrorists, it came to light that a disabled passenger, Leon Klinghoffer, was killed by one of the kidnappers. The news of the attack was all the more disturbing that Klinghoffer belonged to the Jewish community. The case of abduction of Achille Lauro has been one of the most important topics in the field of international politics and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict for a long time. The idea of creating an opera based on those events came from one of the most distinctive directors of our time, Peter Sellars (1957–), who invited composer John Adams (1947–) to cooperation. Libretto was created by Alice Goodman (1958–). Stage presentation of the fate of the passengers of Achille Lauro was to be a musical background for the wider topic: Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The main aim of the authors of The Death of Klinghoffer, what they repeatedly stressed in interviews, was to present both sides: Jewish and Muslim; not only the design of the libretto and musical development, but also the right direction. Despite these assumptions, since the premiere in 1991 at the Brussels Théâtre Royale de La Monnaie, this opera is consequently dividing the audience into its hot enthusiasts and declared opponents. Demonstrations and protests, accusations of anti-Semitic content, presentation and justification of terrorism have led not only to a change in the score, but today they are almost inseparable elements of issue. This article focuses on the opinions on the opera by critics and music journalists. After presenting the context of creation, examples of the reception, analytical and creative works are shown, such as the opinions found in the reviews of the printed sources, as well as the online ones.

YUMUŞAK GÜÇ VE EVRİMİ

Author(s): Sait Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 12/2011

Uluslararası ilişkiler alanında bugüne kadar geliştirilen kuramlar içinde “güç” olgusu anahtar kavramların başında gelmektedir. Fiziksel olarak güç, mevcut kuvvetlerin kullanılması ile elde edilen verimliliktir. Davranışsal bir tanımlama ile güç, istenilen sonuçları elde etmek için başkalarının davranışlarını değiştirme yeteneğidir. Uluslararası ilişkilerde güç ise, bir devletin başka bir devlete karşı uyguladığı ve normal şartlar altında o devletin yapmak istemeyeceği bir şeyi yapmasını sağlamaya yönelik etkidir2. Bir devletin uluslararası ilişkilerde uyguladığı politikanın tek vasıtası güçtür. Bu vasıtaya geliştirmek devletin amaçlarından biridir. Siyasetin bir vasıtası olarak kullanılmayan veya kullanılma becerisi gösterilmeyen yeteneğin güç olma niteliği yoktur. Politika, devletin güç ve kaynaklarını ulusal çıkar doğrultusunda hazırlama ve kullanma sanatıdır. Stratejik başarı her şeyden önce güç bileşkesinin, amaca ve zamana göre uygun kullanımını gerektirir.

POSTSOVYET ÜLKELERDE YEREL YÖNETİMLERİN EKONOMİK GÜCÜNÜN GELİŞTİRİLMESİNİN YÖNTEM VE ARAÇLARI

Author(s): Nikbin Yusifov / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 6/2010

Sovyetler birliyi ve sosyalist sistem çöktükten sonra bağımsızlığına kavuşan cumhuriyetler, bir takım stratejik görevleri üstlendi. Bunlardan en önemlisi devlet bağımsızlığını ilan etmek, bu bağımsızlığı korumak ve demokratik bir hukuk devleti olma yönünde gelişmeyi sürdürmektir. Temelde demokratik prensiplere ve özgürlüklere dayanan yeni demokratik Anayasanın yürürlüğe konulması da bu yönde atılmış önemli bir adım gibi değerlendirilebilir

Building a lieu de memoire in Romanian Consciousness: From Sorin Ilieşiu's Documentary "Queen Marie-The Last Romantic, the First Modern Woman" to the Golden Room in Pelişor Castle

Author(s): Marina-Cristiana Rotaru / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

In 2018 Romania will celebrate the centenary of the Union of 1918, or the Great Union, when all Romanian provinces united into one state: Great Romania, a national ideal which Romanians strove for and achieved on the battlefield and which the Trianon Treaty of 1920 confirmed. For such a time as this hundredth anniversary, it is only natural to call to mind people who made this ideal come true. Queen Marie is rightly considered one of the artisans of the Great Union, being regarded at the time and afterwards as “the living consciousness of Romanian unity, the symbol of confidence in final victory” (Boia 2001: 208). This article aims to investigate the manner in which the queen’s memory is kept alive, and draws on two distinct attempts to portray the queen: Sorin Ilieşiu’s documentary Queen Marie – The Last Romantic, the First Modern Woman and the Golden Room in Pelişor Castle, Queen Marie’s official residence in Sinaia, the royal resort in the Carpathians. These two attempts illustrate how present-day Romanian society tries to regain parts of a common memory that was purposefully obliterated by the communist regime, and strives to rediscover and remap places of their shared memory. My analysis of Ilieşiu’s portrayal of the queen is circumscribed to the field of social semiotics, mainly to the concepts of “distance”, “angle” and “gaze” which Theo van Leeuwen uses in the visual representation of social actors. In my investigation of memory remapping, I draw on Pierre Nora’s concept “lieu de mémoire” and aim to prove that the Golden Room in Pelişor Castle, a place that reflects the personality of the chatelaine and where the queen symbolically reconnected with her origins, has turned into a realm where Romanians have access to a part of their memory which communism did its best to extirpate.

Państwo Islamskie – metody rekrutacji członków

Author(s): Bartosz Kurek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2014

Zagrożenia dla bezpieczeństwa społecznego w Bośni i Hercegowinie. Uwarunkowania – diagnoza – prognozy

Author(s): Danuta Gibas-Krzak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

NIGERIA’S REGIONAL AMBITIONS: CHANNELS AND CHALLENGES

Author(s): Aslam Khan,Lawan Cheri / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Nigeria is the most populous black nation in the world, member of the UN Security Council and largest economy of Africa. In addition to its globally acknowledged qualitative oil, it also has large deposits of mineral resources including tin, coal and gypsum, gold and lead. The country is not only engaged in a passionate competition with South Africa to attain the position of a continental superpower preparatory towards becoming a globally acknowledge giant but also comfortably playing a big-brother role among Africa nations. This paper uses documentary analysis to examine Nigeria’s social, economic and global potentials of fulfilling its dreams vis-a-vis the potentials of its competitor(s). The paper found out that Nigeria faces multidimensional challenges on its path towards continental leadership ranging from domestic problems of rising crime, incessant insurgency, dilapidated infrastructure, growing unemployment, over-reliance on dwindling oil income and leadership crises among others to intense competition from other strong African countries like South Africa, Egypt and Ethiopia. The paper concludes that the country’s goal of a regional superpower status is achievable but Nigeria must address its domestic challenges to win the race of attaining continental hegemony.

CLIMATE CHANGE: THE POLITICS AND CHALLENGES IN PERSPECTIVE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

Author(s): Abbas Sheer,Li Shouping,Fatima Sidra / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This article consists of five major parts. It includes the analysis of politics and international cooperation on climate change and the legal environmental scenario and implementation, trends and litigation concerns faced by climate change. The Paris Agreement of Climate Change (2015) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nation are the two main players at the global level to target greenhouse gas emissions as a voluntary framework. These guiding principles relating to the environment for sustainable development are evolving over time and did not shape as customary law. The ultimate solution lies in understanding the problem intensity through growing scientific facts about the impacts of climate change.

Partition, Violence and Humanism in Tabish Khair’s Filming

Author(s): Om Prakash Dwivedi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Tabish Khair’s novel, Filming (2007), highlights many deeply vexed issues that are central to any discussion on colonial/postcolonial humanism. The novel presents the film industry of Hindustan and the lives of people associated with this charismatic industry. It also deals with the maltreatment of women and the manner in which their voices are muffled by the male chauvinistic society, thus making them the subaltern that cannot speak, or if they do manage to speak, they are brusquely silenced, because it questions the authority of those in power, and concomitantly tries to reroute the established power relations, and hence these voices and demands are to be viewed as something that deserves immediate disapproval and censorship.

Sowjetunion - Was bringt Gorbatschow?

Author(s): Ernest Mandel / Language(s): German Issue: 22/1985

Mit dem Namen Michail Gorbatschow verbinden sich mittlerweile Erwartungen und Hoffnungen auf Reformmaßnahmen, die sowohl inner- als auch außerhalb der Sowjetunion seit Chruschtschow unbekannt waren. Wie weit hat der neue Kremlchef tatsächlich neue Antworten auf die alten Probleme? Ernest Mandel untersuchte das erste Dreivierteljahr der Amtszeit des medienkundigen Sowjetbosses für „International Viewpoint“.

Icons on Trial. Negotiations Between Moscow and Moldavia over Some ‘Noncanonical’ Icons in the First Decades of the 17th Century

Author(s): Elena Firea / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

En 1629, une ambassade dirigée par l’archimandrite Varlaam est arrivée à la cour du tsar Mikhaïl Féodorovitch Romanov, demandant la permission de passer une commande aux peintres moscovites, afin depeindre deux icônes pour le prince Miron Barnovschi. Les sources documentaires nous renseignent sur la dédicacedes icônes et sur le fait qu’elles appartenaient à la typologie des icônes hagiographiques, avec des portraitsde saints au milieu et des scènes narratives de leur vie sur les bords. Bien qu’achevées et payées intégralementpar le prince moldave, les icônes ne sont jamais parvenues à leur commanditaire. Le patriarche Philarète Nikititchles a retenues à Moscou sous prétexte qu’elles étaient ‘inconvenablement’ peintes. Sept ans plus tard,alors que Varlaam occupait le poste de métropolite de Moldavie, le prince Vasile Lupu envoya une autre ambassadeà la cour de Moscou, pour tenter de les récupérer. Le tsar organisa une enquête, les peintres furent interrogéssur les modèles suivis, mais le résultat resta le même : les icônes avaient été peintes de manière noncanonique et ne pouvaient pas être remises aux messagers moldaves. L’enquête sur cet intéressant ‘échec’ diplomatique fait l’objet de la présente étude. En suivant André Grabar, qui soulevait pour la première fois laquestion du prétendu manque de canonicité de ces icônes, l’article reprend toute la question des causes possiblesdu refus inhabituel des autorités moscovites de les remettre à leurs commanditaires. En corroborant lesinformations documentaires avec l’analyse des sources visuelles disponibles, dans le contexte plus large de lacommande des icônes et de l’évolution du culte de saint Jean le Nouveau à l’époque, l’étude suggère qu’uneraison possible de ce rejet pourrait être la représentation du martyr de Suceava – et ce, non pas parce qu’ils’agissait d’un saint inconnu en Russie à l’époque (cf. A. Grabar); mais surtout à cause de l’utilisation d’uncertain modèle iconographique employé dans l’entourage du métropolitain Anastasie Crimca. Ce modèle étaitsans doute susceptible d’avoir déplu au patriarche Philarète Nikititch. Varlaam connaissait bien ce type dereprésentation et avait probablement donné des instructions précises aux peintres moscovites, qui les ont sansdoute suivies à la lettre. En effet, à la suite de cet épisode, Varlaam enverra également au tsar une hagiographie etune icône de saint Jean le Nouveau, qui semblent avoir dynamisé le culte et les représentations iconographiquesdédiées au martyr de Suceava en Russie à la même époque.

Otvoreno Pismo Državnom Sekretaru Blinkenu

Author(s): Bojan Šošić,Azra Zornić,Aida Ibričević,David Pettigrew / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 4/2022

Zbog pomanjkanja internacionalne intervencije, naročito nakon 2006. godine, dejtonske strukture su prešle na etnonacionalističku retoriku podjela i prijetnje secesijom koje destabiliziraju Bosnu i regiju. Član Predsjedništva BiH iz reda srpskog naroda, Milorad Dodik, prijeti secesijom i dosljedno govori o Bosni kao propaloj državi. Bez ikakvih posljedica se služi govorom mržnje prema Bošnjacima i negira genocid u Srebrenici. Lider stranke bosanskih Hrvata Dragan Čović je sa svoje strane prijetio da će bojkotovati izbore i formirati treći entitet. Oba ova separatistička lidera su eksploatisala koncept „konstituentnih naroda“ kako bi kreirali dalje podjele i mržnju. Ove separatističke agende su najizraženiju podršku našle od Ruske Federacije, čija Ambasada u Sarajevu je u aprilu 2021. godine insistirala da se Bosna u načelu sastoji od dva entiteta i da nije jedinstvena država.

Antisuverenizam, dimenzija ideologijskog antibosanstva

Author(s): Rusmir Mahmutćehajić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 91-92/2023

U povijesnom, kulturnom i političkom subjektivitetu bosanskog naroda prisutna je stalna mogućnost njegovog osvješćenja u odnosu sa suverenom, teritorijski cjelovitom i politički neovisnom bosanskom državom. A plan zaprječenja ili uništenja tog bitan je sadržaj etnonacijskih teleologija srpstva i hrvatstva u kojima su Bosna i njen narod smatrani samo gradivom za konačno dostizanje etnonacijskih ciljeva. Upravo zato je ideologija antibosanstva bitan sadržaj etnonacijskih teleologija srpstva i hrvatstva. Iako mijenja oblike, njena suština traje kroz cijelu povijest etnonacionalizama.

Herta Müller en el exilio, la garra en el corazón

Author(s): Ines Carvajal Arguelles / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2023

This article aims to show that Herta Müller's life is depicted as one of perpetual uprooting and to portrait elements in her novels where the writer deals with major universal themes, connected to the topic of exile and fundamental to understanding the turbulent 20th century in Europe. Her denunciation of the horrors of totalitarianism, against which she opposes a cry for freedom and against oblivion, stands out for its capacity for reflection, its originality and its poetic sensitivity, in such a way that it manages to traverse this arid terrain with original images of great beauty.Herta Müller in exile, the claw in the heart

75 Years of Transcontinental Diplomacy: Exploring Romania-India Bilateral Relations

Author(s): Alexandra-Iulia Nuc-Rosu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In the last 75 years, Romania and India managed to follow common interests and created a strong partnership. Celebrating the fruitful cooperation between the two countries, His Excellency Mr. Rahul Shrivastava, the Ambassador of India to Romania, Albania and Moldova, and Her Excellency Mrs. Daniela Sezonov-Țane, the Ambassador of Romania to India, Nepal and Bangladesh were kind to address their perspectives on the evolution of relations between Romania and India, highlighting both the differences and similarities between the two countries, and also the latest challenges.

Cultural Diplomacy or Cultural Relations? Lost in Terminology and Rediscovering the Meaning of Culture

Author(s): Hilda-Hedvig Varga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

When discussing such a complex concept as culture, it is forever interesting, even surprising, to find out what definitions people give to this all-encompassing notion; what better way to delve into Indian culture and the inner workings of cultural diplomacy and relations than to speak to someone most knowledgeable in the field, the Ambassador of India to Romania, Moldova and Albania, Mr. Rahul Shrivastava. His Excellency was kind enough to sacrifice his time in favor of cultural matters, despite his busy schedule.

Political Reflections on Bosnia and Herzegovina After Dayton

Author(s): Nikola Kovač / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Debates held at gatherings to discuss the political situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina all too often involve abstract theoretical reflection, without taking into consideration the reasons the country is stuck in an impasse from which it can neither move ahead nor go back. Real understanding and an objective and informed view of contemporary reality in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be attained only by reference to the facts, which history has marked with its bloody seal. Bosnia and Herzegovina can be discussed only out of the depths of its experience, by sharing the horrors of its tragedy.

Političke refleksije o Bosni i Hercegovini nakon Daytona

Author(s): Nikola Kovač / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

Brojne rasprave na skupovima posvećenim političkoj situaciji u Bosni i Hercegovini nose obilježje apstraktnog teorijskog razmatranja, pri čemu se ne vodi računa o uzrocima koji su zemlju doveli do mrtve tačke, sa koje se ne može naprijed, a nazad se nema kud. Zato je pozivanje na činjenice koje je istorija u Bosni i Hercegovini verifikovala svojim krvavim pečatom, jedini način autentičnog promišljanja i naučne objektivacije savremene bosanskohercegovačke realnosti. O Bosni i Hercegovini se može govoriti jedino iz dubine njenog iskustva, dijeleći užase njene tragedije.

Reflecții despre activismul în muzee de artă

Author(s): Delia Bran,Laura Bonciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The article is a critical reflection on the situation that European museums of art were confronted with in 2022 on the acts of activism on art museums paintings. Following the act of the Just stop oil girls in London October 2022 the world started talking on the topic of „vandalism on art” and „activism in museums”. The article has 3 parts, first with describing facts, a short view of the situation, second with an art historian’s critical views and analyses of then and third with the activist views on the problem. All the reflections are adapted to the Romanian context, so the article both describes the context and gives some opinions on the present situation.

STATE-SOCIALIST ROMANIA TURNED GLOBAL: CULTURAL ENCOUNTERS DURING THE COLD WAR

Author(s): Irina Nastasă-Matei,Caterina Preda / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This special issue reflects on the cultural relations of state-socialist Romania between the 1950s and 1980s from the perspective of “cultural internationalism” and “cultural transnationalism”, both within the state-socialist world, and beyond.