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İslam Hukuku Açısından Örfî Nikahın Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Yusuf Bulutlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

This article aims to evaluate the types of customary marriage, the reasons that paved the way for its spread, the sociological approach of the people with statistical data, and the evaluation in terms of Islamic Fiqh (jurisprudence). In the study, it has been tried to reach the right result by considering the social reasons and legal norms together. In order to correctly evaluate people's orientation to customary marriage, statistical data was used in the study, thus it was aimed to reveal the sociological dimension of the research. In the research, firstly, the definition of the concept of marriage, its elements, conditions and types were briefly explained and the conceptual, legal framework and imagination of marriage were drawn. Thus, the main concepts and norms in which the customary marriage will be evaluated and compared have been put forward. Afterwards, the definition of customary marriage, which is the main subject of the study, its types, the countries where it is spreading, statistical data, the reasons that paved the way for its emergence, and Islamic Fiqh from the classical to the present were made. As a result, customary marriage was performed in three different ways, two of which were permissible, one was not; It has been determined that the applicants for this wedding are generally those who want to have more than one marriage and the university students. It has been seen that this customary marriage has some positive and negative consequences, and those who look at its positive aspects are allowed, while those who consider its negative aspects are not. However, from the classical period to the present, it has been determined that it is permissible for the public to hide the two-witness marriage on the grounds that it fulfills the condition of announcement, even if it is demanded from the witness.

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Siyasal İktidarın Kurucu Meşruiyet Temeli Olan Çoğunluk İlkesi Bağlamında Halifenin Kureyşliliği

Author(s): Fatih Mehmet ALBAYRAK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

The principle of majority, which is an indispensable tool of election and decision-making in today's democracies, is one of the main indicators of its legitimacy, as well as having a superior position in the establishment and maintenance of political power. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship of the condition of “the caliph’s Quraysh” with this principle by revealing the analysis of the Islamic scholars on the importance of the majority principle in terms of establishing political power and using the authority to order and prohibit. In the grounding of this aim, firstly, the dominant role of the majority in determining the political power was emphasized and the organic relationship between them was tried to be revealed, and the nature of the support provided by the majority to the administration in the use of political power authority and its effect on the possession of the means of coercion that sustain the state apparatus were examined in the light of the views of Fiqh and Kalam scholars. Then, the condition that the caliph should be from the Quraysh lineage, which has been the subject of debate since the 9th century, when the influence of non-Arab elements on the political administration became evident, was examined within the framework of the majority principle, and the evaluations of Islamic scholars about the widespread rumor that formed the basis of this were briefly examined. At the end of the study, it was concluded that Islamic scholars adopted the principle of “majority” in the establishment and maintenance of political power, and that they accepted the requirement that the caliph be Quraysh as a qualification condition, and that the narration, which is the basis of this, shows a historical and socio-political reality brought about by the conditions that emerged in a certain time period.

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Osmanlı’dan Günümüze İstanbul Selâtîn Camileri ve Görevlileri

Author(s): İshak KIZILASLAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

In this article, the effective and authoritative position of religious officials and especially those working in Sultan mosques in social and political issues from the Ottoman period to the present has been emphasized. The duties other than imam and muazzin, which are peculiar to Sultan mosques, are explained. Another aim of the article is to examine the current situation of Sultan mosque officials in a comparative way with its historical position. This study will only examine the officials of the Sultan mosques in Istanbul. In order to achieve these goals, first of all, studies that have been made so far in the form of encyclopedia articles, archive documents, stand-alone books and articles about Sultan mosques and their officials have been examined. In order to be able to analyze the positions of these mosques and those who work there today, a survey and evaluation of the imams and muazzins who are currently working in Istanbul Sultan mosques are included.

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İslâm Hukukunda Kadının Diyeti Meselesinin Fıkhî Yönden Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Fatiha BOZBAŞ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

Women are more visible in economic and public life than before. This visibility has led to a change in the social perspective towards women in recent centuries. Some provisions regarding women, which are generally accepted in classical fiqh teachings, have started to be discussed again. It has also started to be seen that the existence of different perspectives has emerged within these discussions. The issue of the amount of the victim's diya, which is included in the field of Islamic criminal law, is one of the issues that has been discussed on a different ground recently in this context. The view that the diya penalty of a woman is half of that of a man has been generally accepted and practiced since the early periods of Islam. However, the issue, which has come to the agenda again with the conferences and articles written recently, has formed the basis of heated disputes. Considering the importance of the legal aspect of the subject, it is aimed to deal with the issue in detail in this study. Then, the evidences of the critical view that "the diya of a woman is the same as that of a man" will be explained. Finally, the points of disagreement on the subject will be determined, and a result will be tried to be reached by considering the opinions and evidences mentioned in the general framework.

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Fazlurrahman’ın Dini Literatüre Katkısı, Dini Kavramlara Yaklaşımı ve Dini Anlayışı

Author(s): Hamdullah Tan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 28/2023

In this study, Fazlurrahman's perspective on religious literature, his contribution, his approach to religious concepts and his views on religious understanding will be examined. Fazlurrahman argues that a great movement of thought should be initiated in order for the Islamic civilization to re-form and come to life. No distance can be made with the understanding of importing Western science and technology, which is seen in all Muslim societies today. Since this is, in a sense, an import of science and thought, the Islamic society cannot develop in this way, it can only flourish within itself. At this point, what needs to be done is to develop philosophy based on thought in the first place, as well as other human and social sciences based on the Qur'an, quickly. In order for the religious tradition to contribute to the healthy thinking and development of future generations, it needs to be revived and reformed in its own age. According to him, the Qur'an should be the mainstay of Islam at the point of finding solutions to today's problems. The references used and cited within the scope of the study will also not be shown in the text and will be given in the bibliography.

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KAKO ISLAMSKOJ TRADICIJI U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI VRATITI NJENU ŽIVOTVORNU ULOGU?

Author(s): Zuhdija Hasanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 92/2022

Contemporary man in general and the Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina in particular, have in the post-war period, for various reasons (globalisation, assimilation, marginalisation, industrialisation and its fast pace lifestyle, the violent destruction of tradition and its bearers) grown distant from their tradition. In as much as it may be completely understandable in regards to those areas of the tradition that have become obsolete over time and have lost their significance, it is not understandable, rather it is unthinkable that we should renounce the tradition which is a hallmark of our spiritual, moral and intellectual values, which inspires better and virtuous actions, stirs the most beautiful emotions and strengthens the sense of community. It is especially absurd to renounce those essential beliefs and teachings that make the warp and woof of our identity and of our very existence. By doing so, we lose our identity and the meaning of life and more significantly deprive ourselves of the possibility of existence in time and space. This article reminds us of the significance of tradition, of the necessity to return to it, and it reviews the most important modes that can revive the best of what our ancestors have left to us as heritage. This could be achieved through the education system on all levels, through activities of scientific and cultural institutions, but above all through an upbringing in our homes which is a foundation of our very existence and prosperity

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MEKTEB I MEKTEPSKA POUKA ISLAMSKE ZAJEDNICE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI-ANALIZA, ISKUSTVO I PREPORUKE

Author(s): Enes Svraka / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 92/2022

This article presents some basic information about maktab and maktab teaching of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina and analyses the data of maktab classes in academic 2021/2022., its, the application of the Teaching Plan and Programme and Ilmihal (the textbook). It also presents information about meshihats and umbrella organizations of the Islamic Community of the Bosniaks in the diaspora who have started the procedure of adaptations of the Teaching Plan and Program for the maktab class in their areas. The article focuses on the application of a single Teaching Plan and Program of the maktab class, the statistical analysis of the same, and some suggestions for its improvements. Another significant issue of the maktab class is the number of students attending it. Here we presented the data with the analysis of the number of enrolled students and regular attendees of maktab class in academic 2021/2022. This data is presented and analysed on the level of the organizational units of the Islamic Community: meshihats, muftiships, mufti offices, and the umbrella organizations of the Islamic Community of Bosniaks in the diaspora and on the level of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Regular reports on the teaching process are essential for the realization of the process, and the creation of new strategies for its realization and improvement. We have devoted a separate chapter to this issue here. The end part of the article offers some views of prospects for the improvement of the maktab class as well as some suggestions in this regard.

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ORGANIZIRANJE I IZAZOVI MEKTEPSKE POUKE NA NIVOU JEDNOG MEDŽLISA

Author(s): Nevres Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 92/2022

Maktab class is an organized activity with clearly defined goals. Achieving these goals is directly related to the organization, teaching, and evaluation of the maktab class. Thus it is necessary to make preparations and to have adequate plans that would provide conditions for the continuity of the maktab class teaching and leave space for improving its quality. Every positive result or achievement that is recognized and rewarded is a very strong motivation for even further endeavour. This article deals with the organization of the maktab class on the level of the Majlis of the Islamic Community in Maglaj presenting the challenges that are faced therein.

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PRENATALNA FAZA ČOVJEKOVOG ŽIVOTA U SUNNETU

Author(s): Fadilj Maljoki / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 92/2022

This article relates about the pre-natal phase of human life in the light of Messenger’s legacy. It comprises of two parts. The first part discusses Messenger’s teachings regarding the topic. These teachings are further classified into general directions and specific instructions. The other part of the article offers a scientific analysis of the subject matter. In fact, there is a number of traditions speaking of the physiological processes that occur in the pre-natal phase of life. These traditions are interpreted today in the light of scientific evidence and are also used as an argument in claims about the supernatural origin of the Sunnah.

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POSLANIK U MEDINSKOM DRUŠTVU

Author(s): Ferid Dautović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 92/2022

In this article, we intend to elaborate on the role of the Messenger s.w.s. in Medina society. The life of Muhammad s.w.s. can be divided into two phases. The first is the phase before the revelation in Makkah where he was born, and the second is the phase after the Revelation began. The second phase of his life can further be subdivided into his Makkan and Medinan phases. Each of these phases has its own specific nature and characteristics, history, and its significance. The Makkah period of the Messenger’s life is exhausting, turbulent, unpredictable, and difficult, but at the same time, it is also marked with courage, patience, and missionary endeavours with individuals to whom he was transmitting the Message of Islam and thus bringing them up for the challenges that were to follow from within their families as well as from the mushrik society. The Medina phase is characterized by the formation of the Muslim community, a city-state, and the creation of the Medina Constitution. In Medina Allah Teala, reveals the ayahs that are to regulate relations amongst the citizens, other nations, and those within the Muslim community itself.

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“ARAP EDEBİYATI TARİHÇİLERİNDEN EBU’L FEREC EL-İSFÂHANİ VE ONUN “MAKÂTİLet-TALİBİYYİN" ADLI ESERİNDE HZ. ALİ VE ONUN ŞEHADETİ ÜZERİNE “

Author(s): Üyesi Coşkun ZEKİ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 58/2023

Ebu'l Ferec al- İsfahani is considered one of the most famous representatives of the history of Arabic Literature not only in his own time but also in all ages. Although it was the "Book of Songs" that made him famous in Arabic Islamic literature, his second important work, "Makati'l et-Talibiyyin", is also noteworthy. This work, which deals with the lives and deaths of the distinguished figures of the Prophet's family, can be counted as one of the most valuable monuments not only in the field of Arabic Literature, but also in the field of Islamic History, thanks to its content and valuable information. The work contains information about all members of the holy family. In the work, the great personality of the Islamic world, Ali bin Abi Talip, especially the information given about his martyrdom, draws attention in terms of being scientific, historical and original. In the article, information about the author is given, the content and stylistic features of the mentioned work touched on and there is Hz. Ali's martyrdom is compared with other historical sources.

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KLASİK DÖNEM OSMANLI’DA FELSEFE KARŞITLIĞI

Author(s): İlyas ERSOY / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 58/2023

Ottoman thought is a structure that was built on the accumulation of Turkish-Islamic culture and civilization that existed before it, and carries traces of other civilizations and thought systems with the expansion of its borders. XII. The stagnation experienced in scientific circles due to the problems experienced in the Islamic geography in the century also affected the Ottoman thought of the classical period.. In this period, efforts were made to revive the life of thought, scientific studies were supported, and the tradition of Tehȃfut was continued. With the effects of the inherited climate of thought, the discipline of philosophy found a place for itself in the Ottoman Empire, in more philosophical vocabulary and Sufism. There were negative attitudes as well as positive approaches in Ottoman thought against philosophy, which was described as "love of wisdom" by Islamic philosophers. In this period, while there were those who expressed negative views on all philosophical views, there were also thinkers who did not mind to engage in philosophy in fields such as logic, ethic and politic apart from the principles of the religious convention.

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MÜNZİRÎ’NİN EL-IDDÜ’L-MEVRÛD İSİMLİ ŞERHİNDEKİ ETİMOLOJİK ve SEMANTİK TAHLİLLERİNE BİR BAKIŞ

Author(s): Tevfik İŞÇEN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 58/2023

Hadith commentary (sharh) books aimed to examine and explain hadiths in many ways that can be evaluated in linguistics such as Gharib al-hadith, Fiqh al-hadith, Fiqh al-luga, Belagah and especially ılm al-ishtiqaq and ılm al-ma’ânî. Etymology and semantic sciences, within the understanding of today’s linguistics, are the subject of determining the first meanings and roots of the words and explaining what meanings they are used in the process they have passed through, together with other concepts that can express the same meaning. al-Munziri one of the hadith imams, sometimes includes etymological explanations by going down to the root of the words in his commentary book named al-Iddu’l-Mawrud. sometimes he deals with different semantic approaches and explains after which meaning changes a word with a certain root reaches the meaning used by the Prophet. He makes these analyzes fort he great purpose of understanding the sunnah of the Prophet in the most accurate way, and in this respect, he sheds light on the whole world of Islamic sciences.

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İSLAM HUKUKUNDA VAKFIN KARAKTERINI DEĞIŞTIRMEK. HACI HODABARDI VAKFI ÖRNEGI

Author(s): Atavulla SAVUR / Language(s): Arabic Issue: 58/2023

The issue of changing the form of the endowment is an old issue that the ancient jurists spoke about. Some of them looked at the issue with a view of interest, and if they saw the interest, they permitted it, whether the endowment was an investment or utilitarian endowment. The purpose of the endower of the investment endowment is to provide the revenue for the endowment, and changing it from one form to another does not take him out of the circle of investment, and for this there is no need for stagnation and strictness. As for the purpose of the endower of the usufruct endowment, the endowment is to benefit the endowment from the original endowment, and to convert it into an investment that takes it out of the circle of benefit, and for this it must be strict in changing it more than changing an investment endowment from one form to another. Hajj Khoda Bardi endowment is a residential endowment located in Al-Masfalah neighborhood in Makkah AlMukarramah, approximately 600 meters from the Holy Kaaba. It was endowed by Hajj Khoda Bardi from the state of Khotan, East Turkistan in 1933 AD. Since 2008, the endowment has been transformed into an investment endowment. Al-Nazir rented a building for the benefit of the endowment, and the beneficiaries lived in it. The research deals with the ruling of this conversion in terms of jurisprudence.

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Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Merkez Kütüphanesi’nde Kayıtlı Üç Memlük Mushafının Kitap Sanatları Açısından İncelenmesi

Author(s): Abdurrahim Ayğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2023

The 13th century is the period in which a significant change was observed in the writing and design of the mushaf in Islamic geography. The cultural destruction caused by the Mongol invasion and the crusades, the changing maps and the cultural policies of the Mamluks and Ilkhanids after the invasion constitute the historical background of this change. The Mamluks, who emerged as a military power and resisted the Mongol and crusader armies in the 13th century, had a prominent position in the art of the Middle Ages with the cultural policies they followed. For the Mamluk sultans, the design of a mushaf should have been as valuable as the design of a place of worship, so many artful Qur'ans prepared during this period have survived. In this study, three mushafs preserved in the Central Library of the Presidency of Religious Affairs and dated to the Mamluk period in catalog information were examined in terms of book arts. The first of these, the Mushaf numbered DIB 6342, has reached the present day in full. Although there is no colophon expression, from the foundation records on the entrance pages of the work, it is thought that the work entered Rumelia by the Ottomans in the 16th century and then was brought to Anatolia. Another complete manuscript is a Juz of the Holy Quran registered with the number DIB 749. The binding of this manuscript, which contains the 18th juz of the Qur'an, is original. The last manuscript examined is registered with the number DIB 6565. There are missing pages of this mushaf, which has a colophon expression, and it has survived to the present day in scattered form. These three copies, which we have examined, were written in the type of muhaqqak-rayhani, in accordance with a tradition institutionalized by Yâkût al-Musta'simi and her followers. In addition, it has been determined that the multi-armed star forms, which are frequently preferred in book decoration in Egypt, Syria and Anatolia, have been used in the two illuminated manuscripts since the middle of the 13th century. The variety of colors used in the zahriye and serlevha pages of the DİB 6342 and DİB 749 works, and the large plant-shaped designs accompanying the geometric forms evoke the new consept of ornamentation, which is thought to be one of the pioneers of the master artist İbrahim el-Âmidî, who worked for the Mamluk palace after the second half of the 14th century.

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The Attitude of Bosnian Muslims Toward the Ottoman Empire in the Years 1850–1914

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The Attitude of Bosnian Muslims Toward the Ottoman Empire in the Years 1850–1914

Author(s): Tomasz Jacek Lis / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The article describes how the attitude of Bosnian Muslims toward the Ottoman Empire changed between 1850 and 1914. This was a very important period, as Turkish rule in Bosnia ended and Austro-Hungarian rule began. For some Bosnian elites, anti-Ottomanism was one of the elements of their national identity. The article is based on literature, as well as on archival materials found by the author in the archives in Sarajevo.

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Nobile e ignobile simbolismo islamico nella Divina Commedia

Author(s): Marino Alberto Balducci / Language(s): Italian Issue: 20/2020

Within the mysteries of The Divine Comedy, it seems that the culture of Muslims is well known to Dante, above all thanks to the mediation of works such as the Book of Muhammad’s Ladder (Kitāb al miʿrāj), the Travels of Marco Polo and various writings of friar Riccoldo of Montecroce. Islam is considered a danger, yet it is also admired in Dante’s vision, for its sci entific height reached in the Middle Ages. Love is the essential concept of the whole message of Christianity: it is caritas, a universal embrace that includes every aspect of man and har monizes it. Muhammad, despite his original Christian spiritual formation, according to Dante, did not understand the concept of caritas. Therefore, he deceived others and himself, found ing a new creed and a different faith, which is by no means superfluous from a Dantean point of view. Indeed, it is useless and dangerous as a heresy, due to its same nature that generates schism and, precisely, war. It is natural, in this sense, that Muhammad finds himself in hell in the vision of The Divine Comedy, grotesquely oppressed by his guilt of fraud, because he has shared the circle of love (the all ¬encompassing and Trinitarian perfection of Love) with all the hatred of his anger. However, beyond all the Muslim limits of a culture of submission and the doctrine that arises from it, Dante reveals to us in his Paradise a possible salvation also for Islam (apparently damned); and this for a very subtle yet strong way: the mystical way in its perfect sentimental Truth, which is tolerant, fraternal and inclusive.

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VEPËR QË NXIT PËR HULUMTIME MBI PARAARDHËSIT TANË

Author(s): Valon Shkodra / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 52/2022

Review of: Sadik Mehmeti, Hatixhe Ahmedi, Ramadan Shkodra, “Dijetarë shqiptarë në Perandorinë Osmane (1880 - 1912), sipas dokumenteve të Meshihatit të Lartë Osman”, botoi “Dituria Islame”, Prishtinë, 2021, 736.

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ESEJ O MEVLUDU VESÎLETÜ’N-NECÂT SULEJMANA ČELEBIJA

Author(s): Kerima Filan / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 93/2023

Mawlūd written by Süleyman Çelebi in the Turkish language in the first half of15th century is regarded as one of the most significant works of the entire mawlūd literary genre. It was a source of inspiration for many Ottoman poets in the coming centuries who wrote verses in honour of the Messenger of Islam, Muhammad s.w.s. in Turkish as well as in other languages. All the later works are evaluated with regard to the literary-artistic value and the content of the text by comparison to Süleyman Çelebi’s Mawlūd. This article presents the content of Mawlūd of Süleyman Çelebi in a form of an essay. Sixteen poems of this Mawlūda are here devided by the author in three thematic groups: (1) poems relating of the Oneness of God te’ala, creation of the World and the Messinger’s s.w.s. nature (2) poems that speak of the Messinger’s life here on earth, and (3) poems that celebrate the being of the Messenger s.w.s. The entire text is permeated with the Messenger’s teachings and instructions to people which will lead them to the path of salvation, those that are vesîletü’n-necât. The paper demonstrates that Süleyman Çelebi here describes both natures of the Messenger s.w.s.: his inner nature (as a Messenger) and his outer nature (his human form). It also points out the elements of tasawwuf in the text of mawlūd which characterize Süleyman Çelebi as mutasawwif. Woven by love towards God and His beloved Messenger s.w.s, this Mawlūd reaches the souls and minds of the faithful. There lies the reason for its widespread popularity.

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The Impact of Islamic Ideology in the Society Based on Pottery Designs of Islamic Middle Ages

Author(s): Babak Behshid,Reza Rezalou,Karim Hajizadeh Bastani,Behrouz Afkhami / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The art of pottery in the Islamic Middle Ages along with other arts is one of the most beautiful and important manifestations of Islamic teachings that has affected all aspects of human life; theology, attention to the universe, goodness and humanity are constantly commanded. In this research, an attempt is made to determine the extent of the effect and type of those teachings by studying and classifying the motifs and decorations of pottery of the Islamic era based on the concepts of Quranic verses. The type of analytical-descriptive research and the method are field work and library research. After classifying the verses of the Islam, the designs and decorations of the art of the Islamic period and matching them with each other, a logical analysis of the findings is conducted. The aims of the research include: separating the types of motifs and decorations of works of art related to the Islamic period influenced by the themes of Islamic ideology and finding the extent of these effects. Questions such as the effect of the Islamic ideology on the pottery decorations of the Islamic era and their types will be addressed. The purpose of addressing the Islamic teachings on pottery was answered assuming religious beliefs, philanthropy and the taste of pottery artists.

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