We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

4.50 €

Preview

Prodor na Istok, u vreme Svetog Save, i u naše dane

Author(s): Milutin Jakšić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 02/1931

Prodor na Istok (Drang nach Osten) zapadno-evropskih Hrišćana preko Balkanskog Poluostrva starog je datuma. Krstaške ratove (1096—1270) pokrenuo je verski interes: pomoći Grcima protiv Muslimana i od njih osloboditi Svetu Zemlju i Grob Gospodnji. No ne potraja dugo pa se ti verski ratovi pretvoriše u osvajačke ratove i ≫krstaši≪ počeše osvajati grčke zemlje. Već o ≫nemačkom pohodu≪ cara Hajnriha VI 1196 utvrdila je Istorija, da je imao smer proširiti vlast Nema≪ čkog Carstva nad Istokom.

More...

Download

„Mimo drzwi zamkniętych” (J 20,26). Refleksja nad duchowością komunii w warunkach izolacji społecznej na przykładzie Ruchu Focolari

Author(s): Katarzyna Wasiutyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2021

The period of social isolation due to the pandemic limited the opportunities for meetings between small and large communities and left a deep mark on the form of experiencing the spirituality of communion, which is one of the most characteristic features of the post-Conciliar Church. An example is the Focolare Movement, where the privileged path to union with God is the relationship of love for one’s neighbour, in which Jesus’ promise is fulfilled that he stands among those gathered in his name (cf. Mt 18:20). Chiara Lubich, the founder of the Focolare, saw in modern technological advances the possibility of developing Christian love, which by its nature is universal. The period of the pandemic marked an unexpected breakthrough in this aspect, as well as in the wider understanding and practice of ecclesial communion. The abolition or prolonged limitation of physical meetings has led to the intensive use of other means of communication, making the virtual space a potential place for communal spiritual experience and concrete action for the benefit of others. A remarkable event in its course and fruitfulness, carried out remotely, was the General Assembly of the Movement, which, according to the Statutes, takes place every six years and is the supreme organ of power. The common discernment typical of Focolarini implies, as a fruit of mutual love, the presence of the Risen One, who makes the voice of the Holy Spirit resound with all power. The adaptation of the forms of the spirituality of communion to external circumstances shows an irresistible need to share a spiritual experience and, if it is authentic, leads to a deepening of the relationship with God and between persons, despite the difficulties.

More...

Download

Koncepcja ochrony Dzieła Stworzenia i jej konteksty teologiczno-pedagogiczne w świetle czasopiśmiennictwa mariawickiego początku XX stulecia

Author(s): Tomasz Dariusz Mames / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

Nature, plant cultivation, animal husbandry, as well as concern for human hygiene and physical and material well-being, along with pastoral work, were the center of interest of Mariavites from the very beginning of their religious independence. In the periodicals published in the Mariavite printing house in Łódź from 1907-1914 (p.g. „Maryawita. Czciciel Przenajświętszego Sakramentu”, „Wiadomości Maryawickie”, book calendar), we find specific advice about working on a farm, property protection and health not only of humans, but also of animals and plants. The Mariavites did not stop at the praxeological dimension of agrarian education, pointing to the philosophical and theological foundations of the protection of creation. In this sense, they combined practice with theory based on theological premises, creating their own vision of what we now call ecotheology and ecopedagogy. Pro-ecological reflection and practice were an integral element of the educational ideology of the Mariavite Church, which grew out of positivist ideas. It belongs to the narrative which shows the primacy of the commandment to love God and neighbor. We can see its topicality through its close relationship with critical thinking and the eco-pedagogy which refers to it, as well as the broadly understood ecological turn in theology and social and economic life.

More...

Download

Karta ze stosunków rodzinnych Ormian zamojskich

Author(s): Marcin Łukasz Majewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2021

Death of Helena Kistesterowiczowa, who was murdered by her husband only one year after their marriage, was the most shocking event in the history of the Zamość Armenian commune. On the basis of case files and other sources, the author presents circumstances of this crime and course of the case. Analysing the testimonies of the accused and witnesses as well as the report about examination of the corpse, he reconstructs the events, depicting relations in the marriage of Kistesterowicze, for which the conflict between Eliasz Kistesterowicz and his father-in-law Serhij Zachariaszewicz Browar was the background. This affair constitutes a minor contribution to family relations of Zamość Armenians in the second half of the 17th century.

More...

Download

KULT RZYMSKOKATOLICKI WE LWOWIE W LATACH 1945-1991

Author(s): Pavlo Khomiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 116/2021

The article presents selected aspects of the social and religious life of the Roman Catholic community of Lviv in the Soviet Union over the years 1945-1991. The Catholic Church in the Polish territories annexed by the USSR was subordinated to communist legislation, which fought religion and spread atheism. Ecclesiastical structures were dismantled, and the clergy and believers were repressed. Despite this, the Church as a community of believers continued and used various opportunities for continued activity. The article presents the attitudes of the Lviv clergy towards the Soviet authorities and their covert pastoral activity among the faithful. Particular attention was paid to the clergy who became symbols of the Lviv pastoral care after World War II. They were priests: Karol Jastrzębski, Stanisław Płoszyński, Zygmunt Hałuniewicz and Rafał Władysław Kiernicki, a Franciscan.

More...

Download

Câteva probleme asupra toleranţei şi intoleranţei religioase în Ţara Moldovei

Author(s): David Cătălin-Valentin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLII/2013

Middle Ages was par excellence the religious man's age, the individual relating to the religious community to which he belonged. Relations between different faith communities in a state were governed by political power in the interests of time. In case of Moldavia, the Reign defeated the Orthodox Church of a majority, establishing tolerance relations between subjects of different religions/confessionals. In the sixteenth century, following changes in perception, the high clergy could influence an intolerant attitude towards non-Orthodox.

More...

Download

Hrvatski prinosi protestantizmu i katoličkoj duhovnoj obnovi s osobitim osvrtom na djelatnost kardinala Jurja Draškovića

Author(s): Đuro Franković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

Cardinal Juraj II. Drašković was among the first to play a key part in the Catholic renewal of Croatia and Ugarska that began with the Primate Antun Vrančić and the Archbishop and royal vicar Miklos Telegdij. It took an astounding amount of wisdom and tact for the Croatian son, the Bishop of Pecs, Zagreb and Đur and the Archbishop of Kalač and Cardinal Drašković to strengthen the Catholic Church in the Kingdom of Ugarska and Croatian lands. It was the proper moment for preventing the advancement of Protestantism. Drašković was among the first to enforce Church reform in the spirit of the Council of Trident and took measures, as the Bishop of Pecs (but also as the Bishop of Zagreb and the Ban of Croatia and the later Bishop of Đur), to stop further advancement of the Reformation by simultaneously founding school institutions and starting up and strengthening the education of ministers in Upper Ugarska i.e. Slovakia today. On the emigration of the Vlach population from Western Papuk, Ravna gora and Psunj as well as neighboring areas by the end of the 16th and the start of the 17th century. The process of emigration from the area in question at the end of the 16th and the start of the 17th century (with the immigration that followed) created ethnic, language, socio-economic and cultural relations that were the basis of the following spatial organization and structuring of the populace which is still relevant today. The defeats of Ottoman troops at the border of the Ottoman and Habsburg imperial systems and the lands between the rivers Sava and Drava had more and more effect on the Christians in the Ottoman bordering sanjaks. The Vlach population of the Pakrac and Cerna sanjak, especially, started to organize themselves and cross over to the Habsburg side in a greater number at the end of the 16th century. That should be specially observed in the context of the „long war” (circa 1591 – 1606). This article only provides some basic information which illustrates the emigration of Vlach Serbian Orthodox populace from Western Papuk, Ravna gora and Psunj, as well as the neighboring areas, at the end of the 16th and the beginning of 17th century to the lands of Croatia-Slavonia Vojna Krajina.

More...

Download

Sprawozdanie z sympozjum naukowego Synodalność w życiu i misji Kościoła, Kraków, 5 maja 2022 roku

Author(s): Leszek Poleszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Report from the scientific symposium Synodality in the life and the mission of the Church, Krakow, May 5th, 2022

More...

Download

CULTELE RELIGIOASE DIN ORAȘUL VATRA DORNEI (I)

Author(s): Nicu Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

The following article is a transcription of a manuscript belonging to a teacher and school manager from Vatra Dornei, Nicolae A. Popa. It begins with a short history of Christianity in Moldavia and Bukovina and continues with a presentation of the religious (orthodox, catholic, protestant, Jewish) cults, churches and monasteries from this region and from the town between the early 1800’s and the first half of the 20th century. The text itself has documentary value, as it depicts a part of the religious life in Bukovina based on historical information and also from a personal, not less important point of view.

More...

Download

Bishops, Kings and Leviathan: Nationalism and Integralism in Light of High Church Anglican Political Thought

Author(s): Andrew J. Nolte / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This article traces the political thought of high church Anglicans from 1580-1720. Beginning with Richard Hooker, Anglican political thought was shaped by the need to balance competing principles. For high church Anglicans, the monarchy was seen as the institution best positioned to defend this balance against what they saw as the twin threats of "Puritanism and popery." However, high churchmen also began to defend a high view of episcopacy even over against the power of the English government, introducing a tension between royal supremacy and high church Anglicanism with implications for both nationalist and integralist conceptions of the state. This culminated in the nonjurors—Anglican clergy and academics removed from their posts for refusing to swear oaths to William and Mary—defending episcopacy against both the new king and defenders of royal supremacy. The example of high church Anglicans demonstrates some perils of both nationalist and integralist approaches to politics for many religious forms of traditional conservatism.

More...

Download

Statutul creştinismului într-un context religios naturalist-pluralist (la Fr. Schleiermacher)

Author(s): Ovidiu Cristian Nedu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

For Fr. Schleiermacher, the founder of the liberal stream of Protestant theology, religion is a natural function of all humans. Being natural and spontaneous, religious life and experiences are prior to any confession. Confessions are nothing but cultural codifications of natural religiosity. Christianity is a mere confessional “option”, as valid as any other confessional choice. Nevertheless, Schleiermacher particularly extols the Christian formulation of religious experience, considering it as a higher form of development of the natural religious conscience. It is only due to this excellency of Christianity that he chose this confession. The traditional Christian exclusivism, which claims validity only for Christianity, is rejected by Schleiermacher, who considers it as an appropriate religious attitude, resulting from a misinterpretation of the religious excellency of this confession.

More...

Download

Българското Черноморие през XIV век – контактна зона на православие и католицизъм

Author(s): Momchil Mladenov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The paper presents the place of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast in the geography of religious contacts and conflicts in the 13th – 14th centuries. This area is characterized by ethnic and religious diversity. But the local ethnic and cultural appearance is determined by the Orthodox population – Bulgarians and Greeks. In the first part of the paper, the author presents the Venetian commercial activities in Varna, Messembria, Sozopol and Anhialo. In the 14th century, the West coast of the Black Sea was gradually caught up in Genoese trade expansion. That is why in the paper, the problem is posed about the role of the Italian colonies as a factor for Catholic propaganda in the Bulgarian lands in the 14th century. According to the author in this respect, Venetians and Genoese had limited influence. More significant factor were the Catholic bishoprics in the Black Sea area. Among them the bishopric of Kaffa (present Feodosia in Crimea) stood out where in 1317, a Latin prelate established himself. During same military conflicts on the Bulgarian Coast in the 14th century, separate cases of religious confrontation were observed. The paper also examines the role of the Orthodox episcopates and monasteries. In the 14th century, no elements of strong confrontation between Orthodox Christians and Catholics on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast could be traced. The conversion of particular individuals from Orthodoxy to Catholicism was due to concrete and extraordinary circumstances.

More...

Download

Recenzje

Author(s): Piotr Salwa,Joanna A. Kościelna,Kazimierz Bem,Jerzy Sojka,Dariusz Krawczyk,Wojciech Kordyzon,Waldemar Kowalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Review of Andrzej Tadeusz Staniszewski, Historyje krakowskie. Funkcjonowanie narracyjnych tekstów popularnych we wczesnonowożytnej aglomeracji krakowskiej, Kraków 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, ss. 320, 1 nlb., 8 ss. tabl., faksymilia Drew B. Thomas, The Industry of Evangelism. Printing for the Reformation in Martin Luther’s Wittenberg, Leiden 2022, Brill (Library of the Written Word – The Handpress World, vol. 96), ss. 360 Theodore Beza at 500. New Perspectives on an Old Reformer, ed. by Kirk Summers, Scott M. Manetsch, Göttingen 2021, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, ss. 391 Kazimierz Bem, Calvinism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1548–1648. The Churches and the Fait hful, Leiden–Boston 2020, Brill (St. Andrews Studies in Reformation History), ss. LIII, 322, il. Michael P. Winship, Hot Protestants. A History of Puritanism in England and America, New Haven–London 2018, Yale University Press, ss. 351, 24 il.; David Hall, The Puritans. A Transatlantic History, Princeton–Oxford 2019, Princeton University Press, ss. 517 Valerie Smith, Rational Dissenters in Eighteenth-Century England. ‘An Ardent Desire of Truth’, Woodbridge 2021, Boydell Press, ss. 345 Elisabeth Heigl, Zwischen Selbstverwaltung und „furor cameralisticus“. Die Finanzverwaltung der Universität Greifswald 1566–1806, Stuttgart 2021, Franz Steiner Verlag (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Universität Greifswald, Bd. 13), ss. 520, 15 il., 41 wykr., 26 tab. Pasquale Guaragnella, Desiderosi del vero. Prosa di nuova scienza dal primo Galileo a Benedetto Castelli, Lecce 2021, Argo (Biblioteca Barocca e dei Lumi, vol. 21), ss. 264

More...

Download

The Paulicians

Author(s): Canan Seyfeli / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The subject of the present study is the Paulicians. With their native homeland in Anatolia and different Christian doctrine, the Paulicians were a purely underground movement, influential in the 7th-12th centuries. Perceived as heretical by Orthodox Christianity, they were forced to act secretly. However, they were influential in Byzantium and the Orthodox Church when they were strong. Orthodox and Armenians were responsible for their disappearance in Anatolia, which led to the emergence of different doctrines and movements in the following centuries and their spread in the Balkans. Constantinos, the Paulicians’ first leader, was pronounced a didaskalos in 655. In the first half of the 9th century, divided into two, the movement lost its power in Anatolia. Constantinos and later leaders identified themselves as Christians. The Paulician doctrine accepts some texts from the New Testament, but they interpret the Scriptures, Jesus Christ, and rituals such as baptism and evharistiya differently from Orthodox Christians. Although often associated with dualist doctrines, neither their form of organization nor their orders and prohibitions are similar to the dualist ones. Their association with Christianity is based on more detailed data; however, they have different ideas about central issues, such as the Trinity and the position of Jesus Christ as God. The Paulicians adopted a significant number of New Testament texts, especially the Gospels and the Epistles of Paul. Thus they adopted a new interpretation of Christianity, which, combined with their belief that deviated from the primary religious admissions, led to a negative perception. Due to their different interpretations, they were declared heretical by the Armenian Church in the east and the Orthodox Church, and the Catholic Church in the west. As a result, they were persecuted and forced to migrate or go underground; thus, the inauthentic information about them increased. Since there are no Paulicians living today, there is no way to study the subject in its own reality.

More...

Download

Understanding Religious Pluralism through Existential Phenomenology and Historical Contexts. Phenomenological Pluralism – an alternative to Hick and Eck’s theories

Author(s): Cosmin Tudor Ciocan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Phenomenological Pluralism (PP), grounded in the existential phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, offers a novel approach to religious pluralism by emphasizing the unique and irreducible experiences individuals and communities have with the divine. Central to PP is the concept of "My (personal) God," which acknowledges that each person's encounter with the divine is uniquely personal and contextually grounded without a genuinely polytheistic implication. Unlike Universalist Pluralism (UP), which seeks common theological ground, and Particularist Pluralism (PaP), which focuses on cultural context, PP asserts that each religion operates within its own distinct reality. This approach fosters deeper interfaith dialogue by appreciating the diversity of spiritual narratives and promoting empathy and inclusivity. PP's practical implications extend to conflict resolution, social integration, and educational advancement, making it a robust framework for understanding and managing religious diversity. By validating the unique spiritual experiences of all participants, PP creates an inclusive environment conducive to genuine interfaith dialogue and societal cohesion.

More...

Download

Neučiníš sobě rytiny – evangelické umění toleranční doby 1781–1861 Muzeum Vysočiny Jihlava, 6. října–27. listopadu 2011

Author(s): Sixtus Bolom ­Kotari / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2012

The exhibition "You Won’t Make Engravings for Yourself – Evangelical Art of the Tolerance Period 1781–1861" commemorates 230 years since the issuance of the Toleration Patent under Emperor Joseph II in 1781. This document ended the period of Catholic religious dominance and granted tolerance to Protestant denominations, including Lutheran and Calvinist churches. The exhibition, held at the Museum of the Jihlava Highlands, explores the artistic expressions of the Protestant minority, which sought to distance itself from Catholic forms. Evangelical art of this period is characterized by simplicity, moderation, and a focus on biblical texts rather than images. While Lutheran churches allowed some visual decoration, Calvinist influences preferred scriptural texts and minimalistic design. The exhibit includes a variety of artifacts, from painted cradles to cast iron grave markers, representing the cultural life of Protestant communities. It also highlights the gap in research on Lutheran art post-1918 and the interactions between Czech and German-speaking Protestants.

More...

Download

Misionárske preklady Liturgie sv. Jána Zlatoústeho do jazykov pôvodných národov Ruského impéria

Author(s): Katarína Džunková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2024

The translations of the Divine Liturgy into the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Empire were created by Russian missionaries, primarily in the nineteenth century. Their objective was to prevent a mass exodus from Orthodoxy to Islam or paganism and offer the local population a more comprehensive understanding of Christianity. The article expounds on this phenomenon within the context of the ongoing debate regarding the translation of the liturgy into Russian and other languages. The article en compass the translation of sacred texts into the Komi language by St. Stephen of Perm and addresses the circumstances in the early nineteenth century when emperors issued decrees mandating the translation of the liturgy. A pivotal moment emerged with the missionary principles of the orientalist N. I. Ilminsky in Kazan, advocating for the translation of texts into the vernacular. Ilminsky proposed using solely the Cyrillic alphabet and resorting to borrowings from Church Slavonic when necessary. Slavicism within Christian terminology has been researched in liturgical texts in Abkhazian, Altaic, Buryat, Chuvash, Yakut, Karelian, Komi, Mari, Tatar, and Udmurt. The article also discusses the translation into Komi, highlighting the rivalries among translators in that context.

More...

Download

RELIGIOUS SYNCRETISM – CONCEPTUAL DELIMITATIONS IN THE THEOLOGICAL-MISSIONARY APPROACH

Author(s): Irinel Ciobotaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

The complexity of today's world reflects the theological, missionary and pastoral challenges facing the Church of Christ. The missionary exercise is a fundamental essence of the Church, which has the vocation to be in the world as the depository and preacher of the Truth revealed in the Gospel. In the context of 2024, in which religious diversity coexists with secularization and religious indifferentism, the Church's mission must remain faithful to its identity tradition while adapting its strategies to effectively articulate its witness to Christ, the risen Son of God. The article aims to explore the dimensions of religious syncretism from a missionary perspective.

More...

Download

THE JEWISH ROOTS OF THE LITURGICAL HYMN. HISTORICAL AND BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVES

Author(s): Stelian GHEORGHIASA / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

The liturgical hymn, as a form of sacred expression, is deeply rooted in Jewish tradition, drawing inspiration from biblical psalmody, prophetic poetry, and the Temple's musical practices. The Hebrew Scriptures and early synagogue worship provided both the textual and melodic frameworks for Christian hymnography. Elements such as doxology, antiphonal chanting, and sacred symbolism reflect a theological continuity between Jewish and Christian liturgical traditions. This heritage reveals a profound spiritual dialogue, where the praise of God is transmitted through sacred song, uniting past and present in an act of divine worship that transcends history.

More...

Download

THE EVOLUTION OF CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS IN THE ROMANIAN SPACE – FROM BYZANTINE SYMPHONY TO CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES

Author(s): Andrei DORNEANU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

The article "The Evolution of Church-State Relations in the Romanian Space – From Byzantine Symphony to Contemporary Challenges" explores how the relationship between secular authority and the Church has evolved throughout history, focusing on the Orthodox tradition and the Romanian context. The first part introduces the concept of the Byzantine Symphony, which served as the foundation for the relationship between Church and State in Orthodox tradition, promoting a model of cooperation and balance influenced by Byzantine heritage. After that, we will see how this model was applied in the Romanian space, highlighting the historical particularities of the relationship between rulers and the Church. Special attention is given to the communist period, when the Romanian Orthodox Church was subjected to strict state control under the atheist regime but managed to survive through a complex relationship with the authorities. After 1989, the Church-State relationship was redefined, with both democratization processes and debates on the role of the Church in contemporary society.The second part provides an overview of the legislation regulating Church-State relations after 1990. It analyzes the 1991 Romanian Constitution, which establishes the principle of religious neutrality of the state, and the Statute of Organization and Functioning of the Romanian Orthodox Church, which defines the Church's autonomy. Additionally, it discusses the legal provisions that allow local governments to finance projects in collaboration with the Orthodox Church and other legally recognized religious denominations.

More...