Англиканската църква, Източното православие и България (XIX – средата на ХХ в.). Част първа

Author(s): Zhivko Lefterov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2014

The first contacts of the Anglican Church with Eastern Orthodoxy date from the early 17th century and they initiated a process of rapprochement, which is well known in the international historiography. Over the centuries, to this day it has a different intensity depending on the degree of theological negotiations and the political situation. This study traces the impact of this process among the Bulgarian Orthodox community and among Bulgarian society, how perceptions of the Anglican church were formed among Bulgarians and furthermore whether the topic went out of theological dialogue and was publicly known and discussed, and hence politically exploited. The author tracks the attitudes and positions of the representatives of the Anglican Church to the main events related to Bulgaria, and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the 19th and early 20th century. He reveals how individual public representatives tried to see farther than purely theological dialogue and sporadically, albeit unsuccessfully, to use thefavor of the Anglican Church to Eastern Orthodoxy in the context of the national tasks that had to be resolved. During the Second World War and the Cold War Anglican-Orthodox rapprochement became part of big politics and was influenced by Stalin‘s religious policy. Although Stalin initially relied on the Anglican Church to expand Orthodox influence in international organizations, subsequently he started considering it to be a competitor and opponent. As a consequence the dialogue was restored after the death of Stalin, but in the countries from the socialist camp and particularly Bulgaria the Orthodox Churches followed the Communist Party religious policy of „opening“ which aimed to use the churches in the big propaganda war between East and West showing that there was religious freedom behind the Iron curtain.

Kilka uwag o Mszy F-dur Józefa Poniatowskiego

Author(s): Karol Rzepecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01 (28)/2016

The music of Polish composers of the Romanticism is still quite a forgotten and undiscovered area. One of the examples of that issue are the works of Joseph Poniatowski (1816–1873), a composer who spent a significant part of his life abroad. His work concentrates mainly on the opera music, which was largely dictated by the environment from which he descended and in which he stayed. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to one of the composer’s forgotten works – Mass in F major, and also to presently selected topics related to this work.

IN-BETWEEN EMPIRES: NIKOLA STANISLAVICH, BISHOP OF NIKOPOL AND APOSTOLIC ADMINISTRATOR OF OLTENIA (1725 – 1739)

Author(s): Radu Nedici / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The emergence of the Habsburg Monarchy as a major player on the Lower Danube in the late-seventeenth century created new opportunities for the Catholic communities in the Balkans. Focusing on the career of Nikola Stanislavich and on his efforts to persuade both the emperor and the pope to support his plans for revitalizing Catholicism in Oltenia, this article aims at a comparative understanding of the environment under which missionaries operated in the territories that changed hands between the Ottomans and the Habsburgs. The slow pace of negotiations for acknowledging full jurisdiction over Oltenia, the tensions that characterized the relationship of the bishop with the Franciscan friars there, together with the fact that Catholics remained a minority in the province meant that the initial expectations were never met.

Prodor na Istok, u vreme Svetog Save, i u naše dane

Author(s): Milutin Jakšić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 02/1931

Prodor na Istok (Drang nach Osten) zapadno-evropskih Hrišćana preko Balkanskog Poluostrva starog je datuma. Krstaške ratove (1096—1270) pokrenuo je verski interes: pomoći Grcima protiv Muslimana i od njih osloboditi Svetu Zemlju i Grob Gospodnji. No ne potraja dugo pa se ti verski ratovi pretvoriše u osvajačke ratove i ≫krstaši≪ počeše osvajati grčke zemlje. Već o ≫nemačkom pohodu≪ cara Hajnriha VI 1196 utvrdila je Istorija, da je imao smer proširiti vlast Nema≪ čkog Carstva nad Istokom.

КАТОЛИЧЕСКИЕ И ЛЮТЕРАНСКИЕ КЛИРИКИ В СОСТАВЕ ШВЕДСКИХ ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКИХ МИССИЙ В РОССИЮ В XVI ВЕКЕ

Author(s): Aleksandr V. Tolstikov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2021

The article analyzes clerics’ participation in Swedish diplomatic missions to Russia in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. It is demonstrated that until the 1530s clerics (mostly canons) were regularly included in Swedish embassies to Russia. It was in keeping with the general level of diplomacy in Sweden, the rulers of which often gave important diplomatic assignments to bishops. But the Swedish embassies to Russia, by contrast, started to include bishops only in the second half of the sixteenth century, when this practice had almost disappeared in other foreign policy directions. It is assumed that the reason for this might have been the attempt to utilize a person’s high clerical status as an additional symbolic resource in difficult diplomatic situations (primarily in the cases of the missions of Laurentius Petri and Michael Agricola, as well as that of Paul Juusten). It is also confirmed that during the whole period under consideration most (although not all) clerics carrying out diplomatic missions to Russia were from Finland.

Historia ewangelickiej parafii Lutra w Gdańsku-Wrzeszczu

Author(s): Jan Daniluk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2020

The article attempts to present the history of Luther’s Evangelical Parish, existing in the years 1896-1945. It was the oldest in Wrzeszcz (Langfuhr), a rapidly developing suburb of Gdansk (Danzig) in the Wilhelminian Era. In the interwar period it was also one of the two largest evangelical parishes in the entire Free City of Danzig. New parishes were separated from its territory twice. Luther’s parish played a key role in the pastoral ministry of military units stationed in Wrzeszcz (Langfuhr) until 1920, further, among others, in creating a new central municipal cemetery in Danzig and in the history of the local anti-Nazi Confessing Church (Bekennende Kirche) movement.

Męczeństwo i zniewolenie Rosyjskiej Cerkwi Prawosławnej w latach 1917-1970

Author(s): Marian Radwan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The Russian Orthodox Church was deprived of a patriarch by the tsar Peter I the Great in 1721 and since then had been ruled by every next monarch. The position of a patriarch was restored in 1917, when the Synod chose Tikhon Biellavin (died in 1925), by secret voting. When the Russian Provisional Government was overthrown by bolsheviks, the new government started to subordinate the Orthodox Church. There were many attempts of destroying the Orthodox Church by pro-government religious groups, deceptional taking over the Orthodox administration, accusing the Patriarch Tikhon, and executing people defending churches during sacral pretiosas depriving action. The Orthodox Church’s independence was cut short in 1927 after the so-called Declaration of Metropolitan Sergei Stragorodski was published. Since then, his opponents had been persecuted, and his supporters had got promoted. The process of the Russian Orthodox Church enslavement ended when the Council of the Russian Orthodox Church Affairs with the security service officer Karpow as a director was established. The Council had its impact on the election of patriarchs Stragorodski and Simansky and bishops nominations. Orthodox churches, theological schools, monasteries, were liquidated massively, the number of dioceses was reduced, as well. On the Karpov’s and the government order, there was an unsuccessful attempt of establishing the Orthodox Vatican in Moscow. Patriarchs Stragorodsky and Simansky ruled according to governmental demands, not faithful people’s needs.

The role of lethuelas/sangomas in Lesotho. “Traditional” beliefs, spiritual professions and Christianity among the Basotho

Author(s): Agnieszka Podolecka / Language(s): English Issue: 55/2021

This article investigates the place of lehuelas/sangomas in Basotho society, their vocation, work and relationship with Christian churches. Lethuelas, also called sangomas or shamans, are healers, diviners and/or mediums. Thanks to the country’s mountainous isolation, their vocation and work can be observed in its most primal and unspoilt version, passed down for generations without much influence of outside shamanic traditions or New Age forms of shamanism encountered in other Southern African countries. The article includes the data gathered during the field studies conducted in Lesotho in March 2013 and January 2019 in four regions: the capital city of Maseru (250 000 inhabitants), the Nazaretha/Roma region, the villages and tiny settlements in the western part of the Maloti Mountains, and the Butha-Buthe district in the north of the country.

„Mimo drzwi zamkniętych” (J 20,26). Refleksja nad duchowością komunii w warunkach izolacji społecznej na przykładzie Ruchu Focolari

Author(s): Katarzyna Wasiutyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2021

The period of social isolation due to the pandemic limited the opportunities for meetings between small and large communities and left a deep mark on the form of experiencing the spirituality of communion, which is one of the most characteristic features of the post-Conciliar Church. An example is the Focolare Movement, where the privileged path to union with God is the relationship of love for one’s neighbour, in which Jesus’ promise is fulfilled that he stands among those gathered in his name (cf. Mt 18:20). Chiara Lubich, the founder of the Focolare, saw in modern technological advances the possibility of developing Christian love, which by its nature is universal. The period of the pandemic marked an unexpected breakthrough in this aspect, as well as in the wider understanding and practice of ecclesial communion. The abolition or prolonged limitation of physical meetings has led to the intensive use of other means of communication, making the virtual space a potential place for communal spiritual experience and concrete action for the benefit of others. A remarkable event in its course and fruitfulness, carried out remotely, was the General Assembly of the Movement, which, according to the Statutes, takes place every six years and is the supreme organ of power. The common discernment typical of Focolarini implies, as a fruit of mutual love, the presence of the Risen One, who makes the voice of the Holy Spirit resound with all power. The adaptation of the forms of the spirituality of communion to external circumstances shows an irresistible need to share a spiritual experience and, if it is authentic, leads to a deepening of the relationship with God and between persons, despite the difficulties.

Koncepcja ochrony Dzieła Stworzenia i jej konteksty teologiczno-pedagogiczne w świetle czasopiśmiennictwa mariawickiego początku XX stulecia

Author(s): Tomasz Dariusz Mames / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

Nature, plant cultivation, animal husbandry, as well as concern for human hygiene and physical and material well-being, along with pastoral work, were the center of interest of Mariavites from the very beginning of their religious independence. In the periodicals published in the Mariavite printing house in Łódź from 1907-1914 (p.g. „Maryawita. Czciciel Przenajświętszego Sakramentu”, „Wiadomości Maryawickie”, book calendar), we find specific advice about working on a farm, property protection and health not only of humans, but also of animals and plants. The Mariavites did not stop at the praxeological dimension of agrarian education, pointing to the philosophical and theological foundations of the protection of creation. In this sense, they combined practice with theory based on theological premises, creating their own vision of what we now call ecotheology and ecopedagogy. Pro-ecological reflection and practice were an integral element of the educational ideology of the Mariavite Church, which grew out of positivist ideas. It belongs to the narrative which shows the primacy of the commandment to love God and neighbor. We can see its topicality through its close relationship with critical thinking and the eco-pedagogy which refers to it, as well as the broadly understood ecological turn in theology and social and economic life.

Karta ze stosunków rodzinnych Ormian zamojskich

Morderstwo Heleny Kistesterowiczowej (1680)

Author(s): Marcin Łukasz Majewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2021

Death of Helena Kistesterowiczowa, who was murdered by her husband only one year after their marriage, was the most shocking event in the history of the Zamość Armenian commune. On the basis of case files and other sources, the author presents circumstances of this crime and course of the case. Analysing the testimonies of the accused and witnesses as well as the report about examination of the corpse, he reconstructs the events, depicting relations in the marriage of Kistesterowicze, for which the conflict between Eliasz Kistesterowicz and his father-in-law Serhij Zachariaszewicz Browar was the background. This affair constitutes a minor contribution to family relations of Zamość Armenians in the second half of the 17th century.

KULT RZYMSKOKATOLICKI WE LWOWIE W LATACH 1945-1991

Author(s): Pavlo Khomiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 116/2021

The article presents selected aspects of the social and religious life of the Roman Catholic community of Lviv in the Soviet Union over the years 1945-1991. The Catholic Church in the Polish territories annexed by the USSR was subordinated to communist legislation, which fought religion and spread atheism. Ecclesiastical structures were dismantled, and the clergy and believers were repressed. Despite this, the Church as a community of believers continued and used various opportunities for continued activity. The article presents the attitudes of the Lviv clergy towards the Soviet authorities and their covert pastoral activity among the faithful. Particular attention was paid to the clergy who became symbols of the Lviv pastoral care after World War II. They were priests: Karol Jastrzębski, Stanisław Płoszyński, Zygmunt Hałuniewicz and Rafał Władysław Kiernicki, a Franciscan.

Câteva probleme asupra toleranţei şi intoleranţei religioase în Ţara Moldovei

Author(s): David Cătălin-Valentin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLII/2013

Middle Ages was par excellence the religious man's age, the individual relating to the religious community to which he belonged. Relations between different faith communities in a state were governed by political power in the interests of time. In case of Moldavia, the Reign defeated the Orthodox Church of a majority, establishing tolerance relations between subjects of different religions/confessionals. In the sixteenth century, following changes in perception, the high clergy could influence an intolerant attitude towards non-Orthodox.

Hrvatski prinosi protestantizmu i katoličkoj duhovnoj obnovi s osobitim osvrtom na djelatnost kardinala Jurja Draškovića

Author(s): Đuro Franković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

Cardinal Juraj II. Drašković was among the first to play a key part in the Catholic renewal of Croatia and Ugarska that began with the Primate Antun Vrančić and the Archbishop and royal vicar Miklos Telegdij. It took an astounding amount of wisdom and tact for the Croatian son, the Bishop of Pecs, Zagreb and Đur and the Archbishop of Kalač and Cardinal Drašković to strengthen the Catholic Church in the Kingdom of Ugarska and Croatian lands. It was the proper moment for preventing the advancement of Protestantism. Drašković was among the first to enforce Church reform in the spirit of the Council of Trident and took measures, as the Bishop of Pecs (but also as the Bishop of Zagreb and the Ban of Croatia and the later Bishop of Đur), to stop further advancement of the Reformation by simultaneously founding school institutions and starting up and strengthening the education of ministers in Upper Ugarska i.e. Slovakia today. On the emigration of the Vlach population from Western Papuk, Ravna gora and Psunj as well as neighboring areas by the end of the 16th and the start of the 17th century. The process of emigration from the area in question at the end of the 16th and the start of the 17th century (with the immigration that followed) created ethnic, language, socio-economic and cultural relations that were the basis of the following spatial organization and structuring of the populace which is still relevant today. The defeats of Ottoman troops at the border of the Ottoman and Habsburg imperial systems and the lands between the rivers Sava and Drava had more and more effect on the Christians in the Ottoman bordering sanjaks. The Vlach population of the Pakrac and Cerna sanjak, especially, started to organize themselves and cross over to the Habsburg side in a greater number at the end of the 16th century. That should be specially observed in the context of the „long war” (circa 1591 – 1606). This article only provides some basic information which illustrates the emigration of Vlach Serbian Orthodox populace from Western Papuk, Ravna gora and Psunj, as well as the neighboring areas, at the end of the 16th and the beginning of 17th century to the lands of Croatia-Slavonia Vojna Krajina.

Sprawozdanie z sympozjum naukowego Synodalność w życiu i misji Kościoła, Kraków, 5 maja 2022 roku

Author(s): Leszek Poleszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Report from the scientific symposium Synodality in the life and the mission of the Church, Krakow, May 5th, 2022

CULTELE RELIGIOASE DIN ORAȘUL VATRA DORNEI (I)

Author(s): Nicu Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

The following article is a transcription of a manuscript belonging to a teacher and school manager from Vatra Dornei, Nicolae A. Popa. It begins with a short history of Christianity in Moldavia and Bukovina and continues with a presentation of the religious (orthodox, catholic, protestant, Jewish) cults, churches and monasteries from this region and from the town between the early 1800’s and the first half of the 20th century. The text itself has documentary value, as it depicts a part of the religious life in Bukovina based on historical information and also from a personal, not less important point of view.

Bishops, Kings and Leviathan: Nationalism and Integralism in Light of High Church Anglican Political Thought

Author(s): Andrew J. Nolte / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This article traces the political thought of high church Anglicans from 1580-1720. Beginning with Richard Hooker, Anglican political thought was shaped by the need to balance competing principles. For high church Anglicans, the monarchy was seen as the institution best positioned to defend this balance against what they saw as the twin threats of "Puritanism and popery." However, high churchmen also began to defend a high view of episcopacy even over against the power of the English government, introducing a tension between royal supremacy and high church Anglicanism with implications for both nationalist and integralist conceptions of the state. This culminated in the nonjurors—Anglican clergy and academics removed from their posts for refusing to swear oaths to William and Mary—defending episcopacy against both the new king and defenders of royal supremacy. The example of high church Anglicans demonstrates some perils of both nationalist and integralist approaches to politics for many religious forms of traditional conservatism.

Statutul creştinismului într-un context religios naturalist-pluralist (la Fr. Schleiermacher)

Author(s): Ovidiu Cristian Nedu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

For Fr. Schleiermacher, the founder of the liberal stream of Protestant theology, religion is a natural function of all humans. Being natural and spontaneous, religious life and experiences are prior to any confession. Confessions are nothing but cultural codifications of natural religiosity. Christianity is a mere confessional “option”, as valid as any other confessional choice. Nevertheless, Schleiermacher particularly extols the Christian formulation of religious experience, considering it as a higher form of development of the natural religious conscience. It is only due to this excellency of Christianity that he chose this confession. The traditional Christian exclusivism, which claims validity only for Christianity, is rejected by Schleiermacher, who considers it as an appropriate religious attitude, resulting from a misinterpretation of the religious excellency of this confession.

Българското Черноморие през XIV век – контактна зона на православие и католицизъм

Author(s): Momchil Mladenov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The paper presents the place of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast in the geography of religious contacts and conflicts in the 13th – 14th centuries. This area is characterized by ethnic and religious diversity. But the local ethnic and cultural appearance is determined by the Orthodox population – Bulgarians and Greeks. In the first part of the paper, the author presents the Venetian commercial activities in Varna, Messembria, Sozopol and Anhialo. In the 14th century, the West coast of the Black Sea was gradually caught up in Genoese trade expansion. That is why in the paper, the problem is posed about the role of the Italian colonies as a factor for Catholic propaganda in the Bulgarian lands in the 14th century. According to the author in this respect, Venetians and Genoese had limited influence. More significant factor were the Catholic bishoprics in the Black Sea area. Among them the bishopric of Kaffa (present Feodosia in Crimea) stood out where in 1317, a Latin prelate established himself. During same military conflicts on the Bulgarian Coast in the 14th century, separate cases of religious confrontation were observed. The paper also examines the role of the Orthodox episcopates and monasteries. In the 14th century, no elements of strong confrontation between Orthodox Christians and Catholics on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast could be traced. The conversion of particular individuals from Orthodoxy to Catholicism was due to concrete and extraordinary circumstances.

Recenzje

Author(s): Piotr Salwa,Joanna A. Kościelna,Kazimierz Bem,Jerzy Sojka,Dariusz Krawczyk,Wojciech Kordyzon,Waldemar Kowalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Review of Andrzej Tadeusz Staniszewski, Historyje krakowskie. Funkcjonowanie narracyjnych tekstów popularnych we wczesnonowożytnej aglomeracji krakowskiej, Kraków 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, ss. 320, 1 nlb., 8 ss. tabl., faksymilia Drew B. Thomas, The Industry of Evangelism. Printing for the Reformation in Martin Luther’s Wittenberg, Leiden 2022, Brill (Library of the Written Word – The Handpress World, vol. 96), ss. 360 Theodore Beza at 500. New Perspectives on an Old Reformer, ed. by Kirk Summers, Scott M. Manetsch, Göttingen 2021, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, ss. 391 Kazimierz Bem, Calvinism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1548–1648. The Churches and the Fait hful, Leiden–Boston 2020, Brill (St. Andrews Studies in Reformation History), ss. LIII, 322, il. Michael P. Winship, Hot Protestants. A History of Puritanism in England and America, New Haven–London 2018, Yale University Press, ss. 351, 24 il.; David Hall, The Puritans. A Transatlantic History, Princeton–Oxford 2019, Princeton University Press, ss. 517 Valerie Smith, Rational Dissenters in Eighteenth-Century England. ‘An Ardent Desire of Truth’, Woodbridge 2021, Boydell Press, ss. 345 Elisabeth Heigl, Zwischen Selbstverwaltung und „furor cameralisticus“. Die Finanzverwaltung der Universität Greifswald 1566–1806, Stuttgart 2021, Franz Steiner Verlag (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Universität Greifswald, Bd. 13), ss. 520, 15 il., 41 wykr., 26 tab. Pasquale Guaragnella, Desiderosi del vero. Prosa di nuova scienza dal primo Galileo a Benedetto Castelli, Lecce 2021, Argo (Biblioteca Barocca e dei Lumi, vol. 21), ss. 264