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The Jewish Museum in Prague resumes its activities in collection the memories of survivors and witnesses of the Holocaust and those, who were involved in the resistance movement. We publish below the seventh hundred of annotations of these recorded memoirs.
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The author explores the complex and paradoxical relationship between German and Jewish identity after the Holocaust, arguing that both identities are inextricably linked by history, trauma, and memory. He examines how the Holocaust has shaped the German and Jewish sense of “we”, and how both groups have used judenpolitik (Jewish policy) as a signal and instrument of their political and moral renewal. He also analyzes the role of history, religion, and Israel in defining and preserving German and Jewish identity, and the challenges and opportunities of the post-Cold War era and the German reunification for both groups.
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Review of: Eschwege, Helmut: Kennzeichen J. Bilder, Dokumente, Berichte zur Geschichte der Verbrechen des Hitlerfaschismus an den deutschen Juden 1933 – 1945, VEB Deutsher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1966. 378 S., 226 Abb., 1 Karte
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Review of: Jonny Moser: Die Judenverfolgungen in Österreich 1938 – 1945, Europa Verlag, Wien – Frankfurt - Zürich, 1966. 55 S., 11 Tab.
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This article examines the composition of the transports of Czech Jews that were sent directly to the east (1939-1944), without passing through the Theresienstadt ghetto. It analyzes the transport lists and the demographic characteristics of the deportees, such as age, gender, family status, and occupation. It also compares the different destinations and fates of the transports, such as Nisko, Lodž, Minsk, Majdanek, and Auschwitz. The article reveals the diversity and complexity of the Nazi deportation policy and its impact on the Czech Jewish population.
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Described here are transports taking Terezín prisoners to Nazi extermination camps. The paper draws on deportation lists kept in the Central State Archives in Prague. Single transports are specified (number and structure of deportees, dates, destination, etc.). In the end the authoress summarizes the basic statistical data (the number of those who perished in Terezin, the number of those, who were deported, etc.)
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In summer and autumn 1942 several transports left the Terezín concentration camp-ghetto. After having arrived in Minsk and Malý Trostinec the deportees were murdered by the Nazis. The paper draws on documents from the archives kept in the Institute for Modern History in Munich.
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On November 22, 1986 the State Jewish Museum organized a conference to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the foundation of the Prague Jewish Museum in the year 1906. The conference, which was opened by the director of the State Jewish Museum, Mr Otakar Petřík, was devoted to the history and activities of the museum from its establishment to the tragic period of World War II. Part of the contributions also dealt with the activities of the State Jewish Museum founded in the year 1950, which in many ways follows the tradition of the pre-war Jewish Museum and continues its museological and scientific work
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The major part of the collections of the present-day State Jewish Museum in Prague dates from the period of Nazi occupation of Bohemia and Moravia, when — in connection with the so-called final solution of the Jewish problem — the objects from Jewish households and synagogues from the whole Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were directed to Prague. The collection of these materials linked up directly with the concentration and deportation of the Jews from the individual settlements and preceded the deportations which ended in the gas chambers of Oswiecim (Auschwitz). Heaps of synagogue curtains, scores of Torah finials, dozens of family portraits and an enormous number of other materials became the witnesses of the extinction of 136 Jewish religious communities) and their members.
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In October 1939 two Jewish transports left Ostrava and two more Vienna for Nisko lying in the occupied territory of Poland. The author deals with the so-called “Action of Nisko“ representing one episode in the Nazi “final solution“ of the Jewish question. He studies archives records and literature published so far, analyses critically existing opinions of the Nazi action, and himself characterizes it as “displacement of Jews as a means of extermination“.
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Anlässlich des neunzigsten Jahrestags der Geburt von Karel Fleischmann (1897—1944), eines Arztes aus C. Budějovice, Autors zahlreicher literarischer und künstlerischer Werke, wurde im Staatlichen jüdischen Museum in Prag eine Ausstellung seiner Werke aus der Zeit vor dem Krieg und aus der tragischen Etappe seines Lebens im Konzentrationslager Theresienstadt veranstaltet.
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The readers learn something about the character of the Terezin concentration camp-ghetto and the deportations of Terezin prisoners to other Nazi concentration and extermination camps. The tragic history of the deportations can be divided into five stages. The number of transports in each of the stages as well as the number of deportees are given together with the destinations and number of those who survived. The authoress also mentions the methods used when the transports were being dispatched from Terezin. She draws on documents preserved (Terezin daily commands — Tagesbefehle, the prisoners’ recollections, etc.) and in the end she summarizes the basic statistical data concerning those who went through the Terezin ghetto.
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The paper studies literary productions by young Terezin prisoners as historical sources. The writings are divided into several groups and the conditions under which the young people lived and wrote are described. It is, above all, magazines and albums that contain information about both Terezin itself and the life of the young people imprisoned in the concentration camp.
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The article belongs to the series devoted to the literary activities in Terezin. This time it is poems written by adults imprisoned in the Terezin concentration campghetto that are paid attention to. The first author mentioned is Oldřich Böhm. Four poems of his are published here, followed by eight poems Zdeněk Böhm. As for Pavel Friedmann, there are five poems, among them the famous “Butterfly“. Pavel Kantor, Jindřich Kraus, Ota Kraus and Maix Rosenzweig are also mentioned and two poems by each of them are added. Finally there is one poem by Jiří Stein. The poems are published in their original Czech version and translated into German.
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The article provides a detailed account of the life and work of Leo Haas, an academic painter and antifascist who survived the horrors of fascist concentration camps. Born in 1901 in Troppau, Silesia, Haas was politically and racially persecuted, experiencing firsthand the atrocities of the Holocaust. Despite these challenges, he remained committed to his art and to speaking out against fascism, using his talents to document life in the Theresienstadt Ghetto and later working as a press graphic artist in Czechoslovakia. His works served as a powerful testimony to the suffering endured by many and as a warning against the resurgence of fascism. Haas's legacy is one of resilience and dedication to justice, as he continued to create and exhibit his art internationally, receiving numerous accolades for his contributions to antifascist efforts. The document reflects on Haas's life journey, his artistic achievements, and his unwavering commitment to using his experiences and talents to educate others and advocate for a peaceful world.
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There are some discrepancies in the statistics from the so-called Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia containing data on the number of people subjected Nazi racial laws. The author is of the opinion that the Nazis wanted to conceal the fact that the mechanism of genocide was not functioning property (some Jews escaped, others were hiding), which was the cause of the discrepancies. He comes to the conclusion that the number of Jews saved from the Nazi genocide must have been somewhat larger than that given by H. G. Adler, a historian of Terezin.
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The article deals with the visit of the delegation of the International Red Cross to the Terezin concentration camp-ghetto on June 23, 1944. The author draws on numerous archives records and discusses the reasons why the Nazis had given the representative of the Red Cross permission to visit Terezin. He also deals with the tragic consequences of the fact that a delegate of the Red Cross International Committee was deceived by the Nazis. His positive report resulted, among others, in the liquidation of the family camp in Auschwitz-Birkenau, which no longer served its original purpose, i.e. that of concealing the reality.
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The Exhibition “The Precious Legacy“ Has Been Transferred from the U.S.A, to Canada; Album “Slovakia 1939—1945 (We Will Not Forget)“
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Forty years have passed since the end of the most terrible war in the history of mankind, since the end of six years’ suffering. Millions of people did not live to see peace, many were those who lost their health and relatives. World culture was deprived of objects of immeasurable value. Men from five continents perished fighting on the fronts while civilians were dying either during air raids or, no less cruelly, in prisons, P.O.W. camps and concentration camps. During the first days, weeks, and months after the liberation we were awaiting transports bringing repatriated prisoners from concentration camps. However, our waiting was often in vain. Many were those who did not survive. Both the old and the young. Many lives had ended before they could have been fully developed. How much they lost, how much all mankind lost, how many hands and brains disappeared in the horrible war machinery!
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The article reminds the readers of the well-known escape of two prisoners from the concentration camp of Auschwitz-Birkenau. They were Walter Rosenberg (Rudolf Vrba) and Alfred Wetzler. When in Slovakia, after the escape, they wrote a report on the genocide they had experienced (Vrba-Wetzler report). The report was sent to London via Geneva and it was on its basis that the world public learned about the mass murder of the prisoners in the Terezin family camp on March 8—9, 1944. The author describes what happened with the report later on and also informs the readers about the Terezin family camp in general.
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