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Alexander Prusin przyszedł na świat w 1955 r. we Lwowie jako syn Wiktora i Witii. Po wyjeździe na Zachód obronił doktorat na Uniwersytecie w Toronto, a następnie rozpoczął pracę w Instytucie Techniki Górniczej w Nowym Meksyku, gdzie wykładał przez ostatnie 17 lat. Był wybitnym uczonym, który słynął z dogłębnych i rozległych badań nad jednym z najkrwawszych okresów w historii Europy, czyli połową XX w.
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The review of: Alvin H. Rosenfeld, Kres Holokaustu, tłum. Renata Czekalska, Agnieszka Kuczkiewicz-Fraś, Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2013, 256 s.
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ESLI'S Initiative to Bring Present and Future Meaning to the Terezin Declaration Commitments
The 2009 Terezin Declaration reflects the will of 47 nations to continue to enhance their efforts to right the wrongs committed against groups persecuted during World War II. These commitments are not only important with respect to bringing justice to those affected by persecution during the Holocaust, but also are important from the standpoint of transitional justice as now understood, including as a way of reducing the likelihood of future genocides or mass atrocities. The European Shoah Legacy Institute (ESLI) was established to monitor progress and advocate for the principles enshrined in the Terezin Declaration, in particular that of immovable (real) property restitution. ESLI’s latest project – the immovable property database initiative – will provide a much needed and long overdue dynamic tool for claimants, heirs, scholars, governments, NGOs – any stakeholder – to help navigate current property restitution issues by confronting the path through the past which brought us to current state of affairs.. When completed, the online database will be a user-friendly, public-access comparative repository of legislation and international and domestic case law (both past and present) from every country that has endorsed the Terezin Declaration. Using the online database to examine the often thorny and emotionally charged issue of heirless property, in particular, is emblematic of how the content can be used to drive the conversation for solutions forward and possibly give rise to intertwined policy-related questions.
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Law on Property Restitution and Compensation stipulates that its provisions apply to confiscated property provided that the owner of that property is rehabilitated. In this case, the request for the return of property must be accompanied by a court decision on the rehabilitation or proof that the application for rehabilitation was submitted. The first Serbian Rehabilitation Act was passed in 2006. According to the Law on Rehabilitation, from December 2011, persons who have been deprived of a right (to life, to freedom of movement, to property...) because of political activism, ideological or religious beliefs and national origin before the entry into force of this Act can be rehabilitated. However, the question is how the provisions of this law are applied to the victims of the Holocaust and other victims of Nazi terror. Does this law take into account the victims, does it provide any satisfaction to the victims of the Holocaust and other victims of the occupiers and various quisling formations? What consequences the implementation of the Rehabilitation Act may have on the property rights of persons who, in the course of World War II, acquired property that was previously forcibly taken away (factual and legal violence) from their rightful owners? What consequences the implementation of this law may have on the rights of the victims of the Holocaust and their heirs and what consequences the implementation of this law may have on the rights of the victims of the Holocaust who have no heirs?
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This article concerns the media coverage of the 72nd anniversary of the liberation of the German Nazi concentration camp KL Gusen in 2017. It was attended by the representatives of the Polish and Austrian authorities, i.e. the Secretary of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Jan Dziedziczak, the Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage Magdalena Gawin and – for the fi rst time – by Austrian President Alexander Van der Bellen. The revival of remembrance about KL Gusen has become one of the priorities in the politics of memory pursued by the current Polish government. For Poles, the Gusen camp is of special signifi cance because it was built with the intent of destroying the Polish intelligentsia. The Austrian government sees Polish efforts to commemorate their victims in the context of nationalist and protectionist tendencies in Poland. A just fi ght for historical truth is overshadowed by the mutual lack of understanding in the countries, which both suffered under German occupation between 1939 and 1945.
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The materials presented in the article include documentation of the German Special Court (Sondergericht) in Warsaw proceedings against Tadeusz Puder, a Catholic priest of Jewish origin arrested by the Gestapo in the spring of 1941. His imprisonment was a consequence of a denunciation made by Fr. Stanisław Trzeciak, one of the leading Polish anti-Semites. Sentenced to several months in prison, Puder managed to escape from the prison hospital in autumn 1942 and survive in hiding. He died a few days after the liberation of Warsaw in a car accident. Despite the cooperation with the German security police, Trzeciak was among the victims of mass executions during the Warsaw Uprising in August 1944. The introduction of the article presents a broader context of Trzeciak’s anti-Semitic activity and the reasons for his personal hatred for Puder, as well as unknown details of collaborative attempts in the first months of German occupation.
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The review of: Angelika Benz, Handlanger der SS. Die Rolle der Trawniki-Männer im Holocaust, Berlin: Metropol Verlag, 2015, 309 s.
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Wszystko zaczęło się od kilkunastominutowego filmu. W roku 1967 Wytwórnia Filmów Oświatowych we współpracy z Polską Akademią Nauk zrealizowała krótki film dokumentalny pod tytułem Archeologia. Miał on stanowić materiał dotyczący z metodyki prowadzenia badań archeologicznych. Jako miejsce prac wykopaliskowych wybrano niewielki obszar zlokalizowany w pobliżu krematorium nr III w Birkenau. Decyzja o wytypowaniu tego miejsca została podjęta prawdopodobnie po wcześniejszej wizji lokalnej i przeprowadzeniu wstępnych prac sondażowych. Niestety, nie udało mi się dotrzeć do dokumentacji dotyczącej sondaży i ich wyników, można natomiast przypuszczać, że ilość nagromadzonego materiału historycznego w miejscu przeprowadzenia sondaży pozwoliła na dokładne określenie obszaru przyszłych wykopalisk.
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Unique collection of accounts, diaries, memoirs, letters, reports, leaflets, press and literary works created in the Warsaw Ghetto. The material comes from an archive that Jews gathered during the war to document the life of Jewish community inside the Ghetto.
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Ontologia archiwum odsłania przed nami trudną do oswojenia ambiwalencję. Dokument znaleziony w archiwum jest z jednej strony żywą tkanką przeszłości przeszczepioną w tu i teraz, z drugiej ucieleśnieniem utraty – dowodem śmierci i nieobecności. Gdy jednak zwracamy się ku przeszłości, ambiwalencja ta staje się stanem koniecznym: jesteśmy dosłownie skazani na archiwum. Konfrontacja okazuje się tym trudniejsza i bardziej zobowiązująca, gdy o odpowiedź upomina się archiwum Zagłady. Przed zadaniami opracowania i upowszechnienia cudem odnalezionych po wojnie dokumentów zgromadzonych przez grupę „Oneg Szabat” stanął zespół badawczy Żydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego (ŻIH).
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It is the intention of this article to objectively present the motifs and the out standing socio-cultural climate during the first years of the World War II, which determined the Portuguese consul in Bordeaux, Aristides Sousa Mendes, a Righteous Among the Nations, to disobey the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs regulations by issuing thousands of visas, free of charge, to mainly Jewish war refugees in order to facilitate their flight from Nazi occupied Europe, using Lisbon as their departure harbor.
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This article examines changes in the Holocaust/Shoah presentation in literature throughout the several past decades. According to Alvin H. Rosenfeld, the Holocaust is not percieved as an authentic historical event these days and slowly becomes a shared symbol of evil or entertainment. Rosenfeld warns about the possible “end of the Holocaust” in public consciousness. Short stories and novels by Arnošt Lustig are good examples of these changes. Later books by the author accentuate the harsher side of life in the camps (violence, brutality, hetero- and homosexual prostitution, lack of unity among the prisoners etc.). He often records stories of young Jewish girls and women. Their beauty and youth form a moving contrast to the horrors of the Shoah. In the novelette Colette, for instance, many conventional images are used in the narrative. Credibility of presented figures disappears very often, they are “omnipresent” and “omniscient” almost like the famous Forrest Gump. By using various information and statements reproduced by these characters, the author constructs a kind of Auschwitz-Birkenau encyclopedia. The result of this is the loss of authenticity. At the same time, though, a lot of data of this “encyclopedia” is inaccurate. Lustig uses elements of thriller and romance. In works by other well-known authors who write about the Holocaust, various elements can be found: elements of thriller (Jonathan Littell), fantasy, comics, horror as well as porn films (Igor Ostachowicz). Literary texts by both Littel and Ostachowicz are full of violence, brutality and sexual scenes. Like Lustig, Jonathan Littell has created an encyclopedia of Nazi crimes during the WWII with implausible characters and situations in his novel The Kindly Ones. In contrast to Lustig and Littell, Night of the Living Jews by Ostachowicz is more original and impressive. It also brings actual questions concerning the past and relations between Poles and Jews.
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Kísérlet a magyarországi zsidók 1944. évi deportálásának megakadályozására
There were two couples of Jewish people who managed to escape from the Auschwitz–Birkenau concentration camp, all the four had successfully managed to get to Slovakia in 1944. The story of Alfréd Wetzler and Rudof Vrba is well known. But, on the contrary, the escape of Rosin and Mordowicz is for the wide audience, in essence, unknown. The fleeing of the Slovak Arnošt Rosin and the Polish Czesław Mordowicz together was not only an attempt to change their fate, but they also wanted to let the world know how the killer Auschwitz–Birkenau concentration camp operates. They believed that the information they shared could terminate the deportation of Jews from Hungary in 1944. But their reports could not halt the tragedy.
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Meanwhile, genocide museum in Vilnius is criticized for failing to present the Holocaust in an appropriate way.
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Some say that the event, which the Croatian parliament sponsors, has become the largest annual gathering of neo-Nazis in Europe.
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Critics say the local NGO running the complex has to do a much better job of marking the past of the former concentration camp.
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Private group behind the statue, which includes people linked to the far-right Jobbik party, got state and municipal funding.
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