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STRADANJE JEVREJA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE TOKOM HOLOKAUSTA

Author(s): Sabina Subašić-Galijatović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 25/2020

Not much is said about this topic, almost nothing, and neither in the school books nor in the whole history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Even bigger reservation is made in regards to the responsibility for the committed crimes. It is commonly accepted that the Holocaust was committed by someone else in some other state. When Holocaust is mentioned in Bosnia and Herzegovina or spoken about, it is commonly referred to the Auschwitz, Germany or Jasenovac. Based on the original files and publications of the relevant authors, this article examines some of the key aspects of the committed Holocaust on Jews from Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially children, from the process of dehumanization, adoption of the legal framework which provided the opportunity for the crimes, to camps they went through and finally, found the places of their execution.

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Jana Fuchs: Städtebau und Legitimation.

Author(s): Andrew Demshuk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Book-Review: Jana Fuchs, Städtebau und Legitimation. Debatten um das unbebaute historische Warschauer Zentrum, 1945–1989. (Europas Osten im 20. Jahrhundert, Bd. 9.) De Gruyter. Berlin 2020. XII, 393 S., Ill. ISBN 978-3-11-064082-3. (€49,95.) ‒ Andrew Demshuk

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Robert E. Lerner, Ernst Kantorowicz. A Life

Author(s): Paweł Figurski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Review of: Paweł Figurski - Robert E. Lerner, Ernst Kantorowicz. A Life, Princeton–Oxford 2017, Princeton University Press, ss. 400

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Вклад интеллигенции города Иваново в Победу в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.

Author(s): Alexander Mikhailovich Semenenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

The article is devoted to a detailed account of the contribution of the intelligentsia of the city of Ivanovo to the Victory over the Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945. The publication provides examples of the selfless labor of various groups of the domestic intelligentsia, namely, doctors, engineering corps, designers, technologists, scientists, teachers, theater and circus actors, and others during this period. All this made it possible in 2020 to grant the city of Ivanovo a high title — the City of Labor Valor. In this study, the author has collected an extensive historiography, while working at his objectives, he was guided by the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity. As the analysis has shown, all the activities of the intelligentsia during the war years were aimed at achieving a single goal — to contribute to the defeat of the enemy, instill confidence in victory over Nazi Germany, and show the moral staunchness of Soviet people.

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REPARTIZAREA FEMEILOR EVREICE DIN BACĂU LA MUNCA OBLIGATORIE ÎN VARA ANULUI 1944

Author(s): Minodora Dramba / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

One of the anti-Semitic measures introduced in Romania in 1941, which affected Jews, was the obligation to perform public work, later called compulsory labor. Following to the order 33 of May 7, 1944, compulsory work was introduced also for Jewish women in Romania. In the city of Bacău, in the summer of 1944, Jewish women were assigned to several institutions, the most important being the Campania Hospital 3, the Campania Hospital 10, the "Red Cross" Hospital, Bacău Prefecture and Bacău Court.

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Mein Kampf. Moja walka. Edycja krytyczna

Author(s): Sylwia Grochowina / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2021

Review of: “Mein Kampf. Moja walka. Edycja krytyczna”, translated from German, with an introduction, footnotes and a selective bibliography provided by Eugeniusz Cezary Król, Bellona, Warsaw 2020, pp. 1000

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The Nazi Persecution of the Christian Churches The “Donovan” Documents Collection

Author(s): Claudiu Ionuţ Boia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches suffered persecution in Nazi Germany. The Nazis claimed jurisdiction over all collective and social activities and the party leadership hoped to dechristianize Germany in the long term. The clergy were watched closely, and frequently denounced, arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps. The Donovan Nuremberg Trials collection consists of nearly 150 bound volumes of Nuremberg trial transcripts and documents from the personal archives of General William J. Donovan (1883-1959). The Donovan papers contain both original statements from defendants in German and typed translations in English prepared by the Allies. The International Military Tribunal addressed four counts: (1) the common plan or conspiracy, (2) crimes against peace, (3) war crimes (including genocide), and (4) crimes against humanity. Donovan played an important part in the International Military Tribunal proceedings in his role as special assistant to the U.S. chief of counsel, Supreme Court justice Robert H. Jackson. A graduate of the Columbia Law School, Donovan earned the Congressional Medal of Honour during World War I. Most importantly, however, he was the founding director of the Office of Strategic Services - the precursor of the Central Intelligence Agency - and offered valuable intelligence to Jackson as the Allies gathered evidence to construct their case against the German war criminals.

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Narracje historyczne w niemieckim dyskursie publicznym – wybrane problemy i implikacje dla Polski

Author(s): Krzysztof Garczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The main purpose of the research was to analyze selected elements of the German discourse on historical narratives present in public space and to determine the implications for Poland thereof. German- and Polish-language monographs and studies related to the issues of historical narratives and Polish-German relations were used and the content of selected German press materials was analyzed. The author used the method of analyzing history discourse, and the source analysis of selected German-language documents was made. The autor defined the concept of historical narratives and analyzed terminology used in German historical discourse. The author pointed out the role of The Federation of Expellees (BdV) and political organizations in public discourse. The role of anniversaries and historical of the World War II in German cinema were identified. Such analysis was the basis for describing importance of this proces for Poland. The main reference point in German narratives about World War II that are present in public space is the memory of the Holocaust. At the same time, the process of consistent promotion of the memory of German victims of war continues in Germany, taking place simultaneously on many levels. In parallel, the memory of the crimes committed during World War II by the Nazi regime on Poles is in the background, which is still a serious gap in German narratives of that period and also requires the Polish side to take further action to change this situation. Germany’s important instrument for promoting a positive narrative about the latest history of Germany is promoting the memory of the fall of the Berlin Wall and therefore further strengthening the image of Germany on the international stage.

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The Roma Minority and Romanian Fascism: The 1937 Alliance between the Roma and the National Christian Party

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The Roma Minority and Romanian Fascism: The 1937 Alliance between the Roma and the National Christian Party

Author(s): Petre Matei / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2021

This article focuses on the 1937 episode of collaboration between the antisemitic National Christian Party (PNC) and Calinic I. Popp Șerboianu and George A. Lăzurică, important leaders of the interwar Roma movement. As a result of Octavian Goga’s support, these two Roma leaders were able to publish a special edition for Roma of the Țara Noastră newspaper. They were given a headquarters and entered a mutual support agreement: the two Roma leaders agreed to support the PNC candidates against the promise that members of the Roma minority would run on the PNC lists at the next local elections. At the same time, an antisemitic radicalization of these Roma leaders took place. How this alliance was possible, what this episode says about Romanian nationalism and about the way the Roma were perceived by Romanian nationalists are some of the questions addressed by this paper. My article consists of three parts. The first part reviews the most important interwar Roma organizations and the context of their emergence, the second part deals with the discourse of Roma organizations, including their attitude toward other minorities and toward Jews in particular, and the last part deals in more detail with the episode of the electoral alliance between the Roma and the National Christian Party.

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In Dialogue with the Authorities: Petitions Referring to the Jews Deported to Transnistria, 1941-1944

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In Dialogue with the Authorities: Petitions Referring to the Jews Deported to Transnistria, 1941-1944

Author(s): Ana Bărbulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2021

Following the Jews’ deportation to Transnistria, the Romanian authorities at central and regional level began receiving a sustained correspondence, from as early as December 1941, from the families of the deportees and from those ghettoized in Transnistria. That type of correspondence peaked in the latter half of 1942, as the dramatic situation in Transnistria became known, and information on the deported reached the home-country. The stories contained in those petitions illustrate the arbitrariness of the deporting actions, the extreme life conditions in Transnistria, the set of arguments brought to the fore by the petitioners, and how the State authorities treated those administrative undertakings. All these aspects will be dealt with in this study.

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Joe Mulhall, British Fascism after the Holocaust

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Joe Mulhall, British Fascism after the Holocaust

Author(s): Ana Baba / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2021

British Fascism after the Holocaust, Routledge, New York, 2021, 215 pp.

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Cultural heritage of Poland in the urban space of Vienna

Author(s): Karol Witkowski,Szymon Kowalik,Barbara Czerwińska,Aleksandra Kędzior,Agnieszka Obermajer,Jakub Pałucki,Weronika Sikorska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The aim of the research was to define the cultural heritage of Poland as represented in the urban space of Vienna by Polonica. Structures commemorating Poles or events they took part in, as well as places related to Poland and Polish people such as Nazi death camps, or geographical objects, were included. Polonica were grouped and analysed in terms of the time of creation, location in the city space, founders, inscriptions and building materials (if they came from Poland). On the basis of the results and discussion, it was found that, as a group of objects, Polonica represent the cultural heritage of Poland from various periods. These objects show both the history of the people and events commemorated, as well as events in the history of Poland over the last 400 years. Moreover, it was argued that some Polonica constitute the cultural heritage of both Poland and Austria. Some objects may be perceived and interpreted differently, which may be related to international political disputes.

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On Defining the Participatory Museum: The Case of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk

Author(s): Ewa Manikowska,Andrzej Jakubowski / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

This article seeks to contribute to the current debate on the new definition of the “museum” – a debate which led to turmoil at the 2019 ICOM General Assembly in Kyoto. With reference to the case study of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk (MSWW), it analyses the new and very successful genre of the narrative museum, a genre which arguably fulfils the core elements of the definition currently being discussed by ICOM. In this regard, it brings into focus the paramount importance of community involvement in creating and managing narrative museums – an aspect that has been virtually absent in the academic and media debates over the nature of the MSWW and its programme. By pointing out the fragility of the foundations for such participation, based solely on trust between communities, the museum, and state authorities, this article calls for and provides guidance for an academic and institutional redefinition of the narrative museum and the institution of a museum in general.

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Asker Anıları Işığında İkinci Dünya Savaşı Türkiyesi

Author(s): Ali Can Tekinay,Hasip Saygılı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

Turkey chose not to participate in the Second World War until 1945 during 6 years and preferred to remain neutral. However, despite this, the country did not feel the war atmosphere away from itself throughout the period. The steps taken within the framework of the neutrality policy had heavy effects on the people and the army. In this context, around 22,000 soldiers serving within the Turkish Army Force lost their lives due to malnutrition and care conditions. We believe that the narration of the troubles suffered during the war years from the perspective of soldiers is not included in the academic literature as it deserves. Such a study has been preferred for a modest contribution to closing this period-related gap. In this study, the World War II social-economic-political-military influence in Turkey and efforts have been made to identify all the reflections in their military memories. Thus, thanks to the memories of the soldiers, concrete examples such as the daily life of the people, livelihood problems, health problems, epidemics, drinking water problem, the issue of food, the problem of the soldiers' accommodation, and the attitudes of the people in the army against the power were accessed and the effects of the war were tried to be revealed from different angles.

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»Provvidenze, dirette a potenziare le forze vitali della popolazione italiana«: stiske ljudi in fašistična socialna politika v Izoli med obema vojnama

Author(s): Urška Bratož / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 3/2021

The present contribution looks at how the social issues were addressed in the interwar period (which, in the case of the Slovenian Litoral, also involved a transition to a diferent social system due to the change in the political regime), using the example of Izola, where the Italian policies had to be integrated into the existing social systems, in particular through the creation of special state entities in the feld of social welfare afer the rise of fascism. The examples of subsistence hardships in Izola can be used to identify some of the most vulnerable groups of the population, which often received several diferent forms of support at the same time in order to solve their material distress, at least for a while. The contribution also specifcally discusses the intertwining of the fascist ideology with social and demographic issues, as the state saw their resolution as a means of gaining military and political power.

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Perica Hadži-Jovančić, The Third Reich and Yugoslavia. An Economy of Fear, 1933–1941.

Author(s): Klemen Kocjančić / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 3/2021

Book-Review: Perica Hadži-Jovančić, The Third Reich and Yugoslavia. An Economy of Fear, 1933–1941. London & New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020, 193 strani. Reviewed by: Klemen Kocjančić.

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Keith Lowe, Prisoners of History. What Monuments to the Second World War Tell Us About Our History and Ourselves.

Author(s): Ivan Smiljanić / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 3/2021

Book-Review: Keith Lowe, Prisoners of History. What Monuments to the Second World War Tell Us About Our History and Ourselves. London: William Collins, 2020, 346 strani. Reviewed by: Ivan Smiljanić.

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»Volkovi in hijene.« Primeri »obračuna« s spodnještajerskim nemštvom (in vsenemške »obrambe domovine«) v prevratni dobi

Author(s): Filip Čuček / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2021

In the following contribution, the author analyses the upheaval in Lower Styria (especially in the “endangered” areas) through the prism of the examples of the reckoning with the Lower Styrian Germans. The establishment of the new state terrifed the Germans. Many German civil servants were dismissed practically every day, while, on the other hand, the Slovenian side euphorically looked towards the future. The events that followed spread hatred (and fear) of the Germans, who felt increasingly threatened. The most fervent “defence” of the Lower Styrian Germans came fom the Grazer Tagblat newspaper fom Graz, which kept constantly arguing (for two decades) that Lower Styria should be annexed back to the German nation (which eventually really happened).

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Paolo A. Dossena, Hitler’s Turkestani Soldiers. A History of the 162nd (Turkistan) Infantry Division.

Author(s): Klemen Kocjančić / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 3/2020

Review of: Paolo A. Dossena, Hitler’s Turkestani Soldiers. A History of the 162nd (Turkistan) Infantry Division. Solihull: Helion & Company Limited, 2015, 430 strani. Reviewed by: Klemen Kocjančič.

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Remembering a Contentious Past: Resistance and Collaboration in the Former Soviet Union

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Remembering a Contentious Past: Resistance and Collaboration in the Former Soviet Union

Author(s): Félix Krawatzek / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2022

The Western outskirts of the former Soviet Union suffered huge levels of destruction during World War II. It is for this reason that the memories of the war in countries such as Belarus and the Baltics have centered on the local opposition to the Nazi occupiers in an attempt to bring societies together after the war. This article compares how Latvia and Belarus have represented their involvement in World War II over time and undertakes an analysis of how young people today perceive of this aspect of their country’s history. Of particular interest is the extent to which young people are prepared to admit the existence of collaboration and whether a persona of moral authority is able to shift how young people assess the need for critical engagement with history. To that end, the study relies on an original survey generated in early 2019, which also enquired into questions related to historical memory. I argue that young Belarusians are, on average, more prepared to acknowledge collaboration than young people in Latvia and that the involvement of a moral authority shifts assessments of history in a decisive way in Belarus only. The results for Latvia stress in particular the persistent divide relating to the country’s two linguistic communities.

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